International Journal of Automation Technology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Abrasive Grain Protrusion on High-Quality Machining of Cemented Carbide Using PCD Ball End Mills","authors":"Kazutoshi Katahira, Shinya Morita","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2024.p0225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2024.p0225","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, cemented carbide was machined to a high quality using polycrystalline diamond (PCD) ball end mills characterized by various surface textures. The effect of the surface texture of the tools on the machining characteristics was studied using two types of PCD tools featuring abrasive diamond grains at various protrusion heights. In addition, a single crystal diamond tool with the same shape as that of the PCD tool was fabricated, and the experiment was repeated to study the differences in machining characteristics. The polished PCD tool yielded a high-quality machined surface with an average surface roughness of 1 nm. The polished PCD tool yielded superior sample surface roughness compared to the PCD tool for feed rates of 10–500 mm/min. The use of a polished PCD tool enables the efficient elimination of material through plastic flow, leading to the attainment of a high-quality machined surface while preventing the adhesion of materials on the tool surface. A single crystal diamond tool can also be used for machining cemented carbide within a feed rate range of 10–200 mm/min; however, its performance is inferior to that of a polished PCD tool. Experiments confirmed that the polished PCD tool was the most effective among the tested tools for the precision machining of cemented carbide.","PeriodicalId":43716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Balanced Self-Organizing Networks Algorithm for Three-Dimensional Internet of Things","authors":"Amin Suharjono","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2024.p0316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2024.p0316","url":null,"abstract":"Internet of Things (IoT) is developing rapidly with wider application fields. IoT’s main infrastructure is called a wireless sensor network (WSN). Hence, WSN must be able to operate on various network models. Multi-hop clustering is considered a solution for adapting to various network sizes. Multi-hop clustering must be designed to maintain the balance of energy consumption between nodes, and many algorithms have been proposed for this purpose. However, most clustering algorithms are designed with the assumption that the network is a two-dimensional plane. In many applications, WSN is more appropriately modeled as a three-dimensional (3D) network, for example, the WSN application for structural health monitoring or underwater wireless sensor networks. Here, a clustering algorithm for 3D-WSN is proposed. This algorithm is developed based on an analysis of the balance of energy consumption, such that the network lifetime is expected to be longer. The main novelty of our algorithm is the utilization of multi-hop layered transmission. From the simulation, the performance of the proposed algorithm exhibits a good energy balance compared to an un-balanced analysis.","PeriodicalId":43716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf Reconstruction Based on Gaussian Mixture Model from Point Clouds of Leaf Boundaries and Veins","authors":"Yukie Nagai, Hikaru Tanaya","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2024.p0287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2024.p0287","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) models of leaves are expected to contribute to a wide range of applications, including the study of plant morphology and leaf design. Leaf boundaries and veins are key factors in determining leaf shape in both botany and design. This motivated us to design a leaf-shape generator that uses leaf boundaries and veins. We propose an algorithm to reconstruct leaf geometry as a surface mesh generated from point clouds of leaf boundaries and veins. First, it determines the interior region of the leaf using the multi-level partition of unity implicits approach. Then, based on the Gaussian mixture model, it expresses the 3D shape of the leaf, where the values vary depending on the distances from the leaf boundary to veins. The use of differentiable functions for leaf shapes realizes smooth underlying surfaces and enables various shape analyses using differential operations.","PeriodicalId":43716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliant Control Technology of Manipulator","authors":"Xuan Wang, Guodong Li, Hua Yu, Zhigang Xue","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2024.p0295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2024.p0295","url":null,"abstract":"With continuous advancements in science and technology, manipulators have been widely used in human–computer interactions and other fields. However, they are limited by their insufficient flexible interaction ability and the inability of the control algorithm to adapt to changeable task scenarios. In this study, the flexible control technology of a manipulator was investigated to overcome these shortcomings and improve the intelligent level of the manipulator. Specifically, the basic principles and related technologies were applied in developing a dynamic model and analyzing the impedance control technology. Next, the effects of different impedance parameters on the system response characteristics were analyzed. Finally, the simulation experiment was conducted. The results showed that within 15–35 s, the manipulator returned to the target trajectory and continued to complete two rotations of circular trajectory, and the position control was accurate. This study demonstrates the feasibility of rheostatic control of fuzzy impedance in improving the compliance strength of the manipulator","PeriodicalId":43716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drive Characteristics of Air-Cylinder-Type Artificial Muscle in Annular Bending","authors":"Tatsuhiro Hiramitsu, Yuuki Miyake, Hiroaki Seki, Tokuo Tsuji","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2024.p0257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2024.p0257","url":null,"abstract":"Air cylinders are actuators that slide a piston inside cylinders by applying air pressure. We propose an air-cylinder-type artificial muscle that can be flexibly bent by using a flexible tube for the cylindrical part. The actuator output was a string connected to a piston. When the air-cylinder-type artificial muscle bends, the inner wall of the tube and the string come into contact, causing output fluctuations owing to friction. In this study, we investigated the output when an artificial muscle was bent. After describing the structure of the air-cylinder-type artificial muscle, the measurement results of the resistance force at each part of the actuator are presented. A theoretical output inspired by the capstan equation was derived, and its validity was verified by comparison with experimental results.","PeriodicalId":43716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue on Abrasive Technology for High-Precision and High-Efficiency Machining of High-Performance Materials","authors":"Hirofumi Suzuki, Minoru Ota, Hiroyuki Kodama, Tatsuya Furuki","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2024.p0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2024.p0159","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for high-precision and high-efficient machining of high-performance materials and components has increased in various industries such as optical, automotive, communication, life sciences, and medical sciences. Certain difficult-to-machine materials can be reliably machined using deterministic precision cutting processes. However, hard and brittle materials such as ceramics, carbides, hardened steel molds, glassy materials, or semiconductor materials, require precision abrasive technologies with super abrasives like diamond, cBN, or new tool materials for machining. However, machining high-precision components and their molds/dies using abrasive processes is considerably more difficult due to their complex and non-deterministic nature and textured surfaces. Furthermore, high-energy processes such as laser technology can assist abrasive technologies in ensuring higher precision and efficiency. Precision grinding and polishing processes are primarily used to generate high-quality and functional components, typically made of difficult-to-machine materials. Thus, the surface quality achievable by precision grinding and polishing processes becomes more important for reducing machining time and costs.\u0000 This special issue features 10 papers on the most recent advances in precision abrasive technologies. These papers cover the following topics:\u0000 - Ultrasonic grinding of micro holes using cemented WC tools\u0000 - Drilling holes in CFRP aircraft using cBN electroplated ball end mill\u0000 - In situ evaluation of drill wear using tool images\u0000 - Grinding belt based on modified information entropy\u0000 - Radial directional vibration-assisted grinding of Al2O3 ceramics\u0000 - Chatter vibration suppression using fixed superabrasive polishing stone\u0000 - Free abrasive finishing of internal channels with different cross-sectional geometries\u0000 - High-quality machining of cemented carbide using PCD ball end mills\u0000 - Fixed-abrasive machining with magnetic brush for Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy\u0000 - High-efficient polishing of polymer surfaces using catalyst-referred etching\u0000 This issue will provide an understanding of the recent developments in abrasive technologies, leading to further research.\u0000 We deeply appreciate the careful work of all the authors, and we thank the reviewers for their incisive efforts.","PeriodicalId":43716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Mosquito-Imitated Microneedle’s Reciprocating Rotations on Puncture Resistance Forces—Evaluations by Puncturing Experiments and Nonlinear FEM Analyses—","authors":"Akira Mizutsu, Yuki Okumura, Atsushi Ueda, S. Yamamoto, Tomokazu Takahashi, Masato Suzuki, S. Aoyagi, Toshio Nagashima, Makoto Chiyonobu, Hideki Nishikawa, Fumio Sudo, Toshiyuki Ohdaira, Satoshi Seshimo","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2024.p0276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2024.p0276","url":null,"abstract":"Development of a low-invasive microneedle is currently desired in the medical field to mitigate the patients’ stress and pain. We have paid attention to mosquitoes that puncture the skin without giving humans no feelings of pain. We have observed mosquitoes and found that when their proboscis punctures human skin, they make the following three behaviors: apply tension to human skin; rotate their proboscis; vibrate their proboscis. In our previous studies, we developed a bundled set of three microneedle imitating the mosquito’s proboscis and experimentally proved the usefulness of their alternate vibrations, which is one of the mosquito’s puncturing behaviors. However, the setting of three needles with proper clearances from each other was difficult, making their driving system too complex to practically use it. Therefore, we have developed a simplified microneedle by reducing the number of needles from three to two or one. This paper has focused on the effects of the rotations of a single needle. Using our developed microneedle with a diameter of 90 µm and the thinnest commercial microneedle with a diameter of 180 µm, we evaluated the effect of reciprocating rotation, one of the mosquitoes’ puncturing behaviors, by puncture experiments using artificial skin and nonlinear finite element method (FEM) analysis. As a result, it was found that the reciprocating rotation suppresses the puncture resistance force and the skin deflection.","PeriodicalId":43716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding of Microholes Using Ultrasmall-Diameter Cemented WC Tools","authors":"K. Egashira, Ryota Honda, K. Yamaguchi, M. Ota","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2024.p0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2024.p0161","url":null,"abstract":"Although grinding is a widely employed method for hard and brittle materials, drilling microholes requires the use of an ultrasmall-diameter grinding wheel that is difficult to fabricate and breaks easily when grinding force is applied, resulting in a high tool cost. To solve this problem, cemented WC micropins were fabricated by electrical discharge machining, and microholes were drilled using them as micro-grinding tools with the assistance of ultrasonic oscillation. The micropin tools can be employed in grinding because the convex parts of the electrical discharge craters formed on their surfaces serve as cutting edges of abrasive grains in grinding wheels. To clarify the drilling conditions necessary for ultrasmall-diameter tools to drill holes with a diameter less than 5 µm, the relationships between drilling conditions and drilling characteristics were investigated. The drilling conditions included the tool rotation speed, tool feed speed, ultrasonic oscillation amplitude, and use of grinding fluid. The drilling characteristics included the hole diameter and grinding force evolution. The investigation showed that a high tool rotation speed prevented the increase in the grinding force because of the faster grinding speed. A low tool feed speed was favorable to lower grinding force. At a high tool feed speed, most likely, the tool was fed before the workpiece material was sufficiently removed, thereby exhibiting a large grinding force. The ultrasonic oscillation amplitude had no noticeable effect on the grinding force. The hole diameter was not affected by the tool rotation speed, tool feed speed, or ultrasonic oscillation amplitude. Although the use of grinding fluid reduced the grinding force, the hole diameter increased, probably because enhanced lubrication caused the tool to slip on the workpiece surface at the beginning of drilling, resulting in an increased rotational runout. Under the favorable conditions obtained, a hole of 3.2 µm in diameter was successfully drilled in crown glass.","PeriodicalId":43716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Efficiency Polishing of Polymer Surface Using Catalyst-Referred Etching","authors":"D. Toh, Kodai Takeda, K. Kayao, Yuji Ohkubo, K. Yamauchi, Y. Sano","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2024.p0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2024.p0240","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, we developed an abrasive-free polishing technique called catalyst-referred etching (CARE) for inorganic materials. In this method, the topmost site of the workpiece surface is preferentially removed via an indirect hydrolysis reaction promoted by a metal catalyst. In this study, we proposed applying the CARE method to polymer material polishing and demonstrated the polishing characteristics. Using the CARE method, polycarbonate, which has an easy cleavage of ester bond via hydrolysis, was polished, resulting in the smoothness of the surface roughness below 1.0 nm. Based on the surface observations, the removal mechanism was estimated as follows. Molecule chains are entangled to form clusters constituting the polymer surface and help determine the surface roughness. In the CARE method, the top of this cluster was selectively removed, thus creating a smooth surface. Polymers with C–C bonds, such as polymethyl methacrylate and fluorinated ethylene propylene, were also smoothed using the CARE method. These results indicate that the CARE method is highly effective in polishing polymer materials.","PeriodicalId":43716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of a Freeform Surface by Dragging Three Point Method Along with a Circular Path","authors":"Kento Tokuchi, Mikio Kurita, Keisuke Takahashi","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2024.p0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2024.p0066","url":null,"abstract":"Freeform surfaces can realize optical systems with a wide field of view, high throughput, and high contrast. For constructing optical systems with freeform surfaces, measuring technology is essential. However, it is difficult to measure freeform surfaces by existing measurement methods. We have developed a new measurement method of the dragging three-point method (DTPM). To realize further improvement in the accuracy of the DTPM, we propose the DTPM with a circular path. Since the circular path is closed, the measurement error can be reduced by the boundary condition that the height and slope agree with at the start and end points of the measurement. To evaluate this method, we conducted the circular path measurement of an off-axis asphere. The measurement repeatability was RMS = 1.5 nm, and the result agreed well with that of an interferometric test; the difference was RMS = 17.2 nm.","PeriodicalId":43716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}