G. Devito, S. Nuzzo, D. Barater, G. Franceschini, L. Papini, P. Bolognesi
{"title":"Design of the Propulsion System for a Formula SAE racing car based on a Brushless Motor","authors":"G. Devito, S. Nuzzo, D. Barater, G. Franceschini, L. Papini, P. Bolognesi","doi":"10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425626","url":null,"abstract":"Today, an ever-increasing interest in electric propulsion is occurring due to the need of decarbonizing the society in order to avoid a catastrophic climate collapse. To raise awareness on this challenge, Formula SAE, an international university competition in engineering design, has also established an electric propulsion championship. This paper proposes a low budget motor propulsion system for Formula SAE racing cars. The design is based on realistic data available from previous race editions and suitably analyzed for the application at hand. Besides the budget limitation, which constitutes the main design guideline in this work, a set of constraints imposed by the race regulations are considered. Consequently, the performance requirements are defined, and the ensuing propulsion motor design is carried out through a preliminary analytical sizing followed by a finite-element validation and refinement. A good trade-off between cost and performance is achieved in terms of motor design and overall propulsion system architecture.","PeriodicalId":437158,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115492952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yinli Wang, S. Nuzzo, C. Gerada, Weiduo Zhao, He Zhang, M. Galea
{"title":"3D Lumped Parameter Thermal Network for Wound-Field Synchronous Generators","authors":"Yinli Wang, S. Nuzzo, C. Gerada, Weiduo Zhao, He Zhang, M. Galea","doi":"10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425624","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a 3D lumped parameter thermal network capable of estimating the temperature distribution in classical, salient-pole wound-field synchronous generators. The developed 3D lumped parameter thermal network can be used for the thermal design and/or analysis of any wound-field synchronous generator geometry, thus offering certain degrees of flexibility.As the accurate estimation of the loss distribution is critical for the accuracy of the proposed 3D lumped parameter thermal network, an electromagnetic finite element model is used in this paper as loss determination tool for an off-the-shelf 400 kVA generator considered as a case study. The simulated losses are validated against experimental measurements to safely include them in the developed network. Finally, the stator and rotor temperatures evaluated through the 3D lumped parameter thermal network are also validated by comparing them against experimental results.","PeriodicalId":437158,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122522496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Study on the External Shaft Axial Stray Flux in Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors","authors":"José Alberto, A. D. de Almeida, F. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425627","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, due to the strong worldwide trend toward Industry 4.0, in industrial facilities with a large number of three-phase induction motors, nonintrusive motor condition monitoring and fault diagnosis techniques/devices are being used to provide key data for the implementation of predictive maintenance strategies. Most of the retrofitting nonintrusive sensing devices that are being used to measure vibration and temperature at the motor frame incorporate wireless communication, allowing for the implementation of wide wireless sensor networks. It is well known that the existence of a homopolar/zero-sequence axial stray flux in rotating three-phase machines is associated with electromagnetic asymmetries, core saturation and/or supply voltage unbalances. This axial stray flux can be partially measured in the external drive-end shaft with a concentric search coil, thus it can potentially be used to monitor the motor operating condition or to diagnose some motor faults. In this paper, the results of a set of experimental measurements of the external shaft axial stray flux in low-voltage, three-phase, squirrel-cage induction motors under different operating conditions are presented and briefly discussed, contributing to a better understanding of this zero-sequence stray flux.","PeriodicalId":437158,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114050367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michele Sintoni, A. Bellini, Diego Forlivesi, C. Bianchini
{"title":"Rotor Fault Detection of Induction Machines with Optimal Wavelet Transform","authors":"Michele Sintoni, A. Bellini, Diego Forlivesi, C. Bianchini","doi":"10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425651","url":null,"abstract":"Condition monitoring of electric machines is gaining interest in industry, because of increasing demand of fault tolerance machines. State-of-the-art diagnostic procedure are based on non-invasive signal processing of electrical signal that allow to detect fault signature at an incipient stage. Here, the use of Hilbert and Wavelet transform is investigated. Specifically, a theoretical analysis is presented that can be used to select the optimal wavelet, i.e. the decomposition level that corresponds to the maximum fault signature energy. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed procedure, even under time-varying conditions.","PeriodicalId":437158,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129497007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electric Drives for Hybrid Electric Agricultural Tractors","authors":"Elia Scolaro, L. Alberti, D. Barater","doi":"10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425671","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a comprehensive overview on the main features of electric drives for hybrid electric agricultural tractors. Challenges regarding the design of electric machines and power converters for this application will be deeply discussed, and feasible proposals will be presented considering state-of-the-art electric power systems for automotive applications and heavy-duty working vehicles.","PeriodicalId":437158,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129929067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eraldo Preci, D. Gerada, M. Degano, G. Buticchi, C. Gerada, S. Nuzzo, D. Barater
{"title":"Hairpin Windings: Sensitivity Analysis and Guidelines to Reduce AC Losses","authors":"Eraldo Preci, D. Gerada, M. Degano, G. Buticchi, C. Gerada, S. Nuzzo, D. Barater","doi":"10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425643","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, electrification in the transportation sector is one of the most viable solutions to reduce CO2 emissions and meet fuel economy requirements. Being the electrical machine one of the most important players in this electrification trend, extensive research is currently being dedicated to the improvement of their efficiency and power density. In automotive applications, hairpin technologies are widely spreading due to their potential in reducing costs and life cycles in a mass production perspective, as well as in increasing the torque capabilities of machines. However, several challenges need to be addressed before the complete replacement of random windings with hairpins can take place. Of these challenges, the loss produced during high frequency operations is one of the most limiting. This paper aims at studying and investigating high frequency (AC) losses for different slot geometries and conductor cross sections, which in turn involve the analysis of different slots-per-pole-per-phase / layers-per-slot combinations. In addition, the effects on the AC losses of reducing the slot fill factor are studied, either by removing the closest conductors to the slot opening or by reducing the hairpin legs’ height. Analytical and numerical models are employed to investigate these concepts.","PeriodicalId":437158,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129090637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mauro Valente, T. Wijekoon, F. Freijedo, P. Pescetto, G. Pellegrino, R. Bojoi
{"title":"Integrated On-Board EV Battery Chargers: New Perspectives and Challenges for Safety Improvement","authors":"Mauro Valente, T. Wijekoon, F. Freijedo, P. Pescetto, G. Pellegrino, R. Bojoi","doi":"10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425666","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to the heavy reduction of cost and volume, integrated On-Board Chargers (OBCs) represent an effective solution to provide a versatile and powerful charging system on board of electric and plug-in electric vehicles, combining the charging function with the traction drivetrain. Such integration foresees the use of the traction motor windings as reactive elements and the traction inverter as AC/DC converter. However, this integration brings several challenges on the table. At first, shaft torque production must be avoided to reduce the losses and mechanical stress. A second challenge is to improve the filtering capability of the motor windings in order to meet the grid standards in terms of current distortion and power factor correction. At last, the most critical issue is to meet the safety standards in terms of leakage current, since it represents a risk to human operators and could also hamper the smooth operation of the charger. Therefore, this paper aims at giving a comprehensive review of the challenges in designing integrated chargers. After reviewing the architectures available in literature, an exemplifying structure of integrated OBC will be analysed in terms of leakage current generation and compliance with the relevant standards, along with an introduction to those solutions which use the machine as isolation transformer. Conclusions are given on the prospect for making integrated on-board chargers safer and more reliable.","PeriodicalId":437158,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130866519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of an accurate calculation method for dual three-phase PMSM","authors":"Daniel Keller, Akif Karayel, N. Parspour","doi":"10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425677","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution a time efficient simulation method for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines is presented. The calculation method enables the consideration of the characteristic large low frequency current harmonics occurring in this machine type. The method uses the convergence of the occurring current harmonics to reduce the simulation effort in case of large current harmonics. The inaccuracies of the method in the low speed area are presented and evaluated. Finally the method is applied in a comparative design study. The minimum performance and efficiency requirements for the design process are taken from a three-phase reference traction motor. The comparative study regarding efficiency, installation space and performance underlines the opportunities of dual three-phase machines for automotive applications.","PeriodicalId":437158,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116574911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Rossi, N. Matteazzi, G. Petti, L. Fazzini, S. Nuzzo, D. Barater, G. Franceschini
{"title":"Design and thermal assessment of a high performance electric motor for racing applications","authors":"N. Rossi, N. Matteazzi, G. Petti, L. Fazzini, S. Nuzzo, D. Barater, G. Franceschini","doi":"10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425681","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, an increasing attention in electric and hybrid vehicles is taking place. In order to raise awareness and technical knowledge on vehicles with reduced carbon footprint, several electric car competitions have been launched. Formula SAE is one of these, where talented students from different universities around the globe compete to design a fully electric racing car. This requires the development of high power density drives, with accurate electromagnetic and thermal analyses.This paper presents the design process and the thermal assessment of a high-performance electric motor intended for a FSAE racing car. The starting requirements for the electromagnetic and thermal designs are based on realistic available data from previous competitions and championship regulations.","PeriodicalId":437158,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114059406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analytical Modelling of Harmonics in an Exciterless Synchronous Generator","authors":"D. Fallows, S. Nuzzo, M. Galea","doi":"10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WEMDCD51469.2021.9425658","url":null,"abstract":"The replacement of the brushless exciter in the synchronous generator has long been desired as a method to increase power density. There are many topologies available that allow the excitation system of a synchronous generator to be combined with the main magnetic circuit, but these topologies have previously only been demonstrated on low power machines. This paper develops an analytical model of an existing exciterless machine topology and uses it to produce an optimized winding configuration to convert an existing, brushless exciter based, generator design to exciterless. Harmonic performance is a key requirement for medium power designs, with strict restrictions placed on manufacturers by grid standards worldwide. Therefore, the focus of the analytical model is to accurately predict the harmonic content of the machine at no-load, including the overall output voltage shape. This is validated experimentally against a prototype machine, and the feasibility of the exciterless topology, for medium power and above applications, is discussed.","PeriodicalId":437158,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115172715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}