January 2021最新文献_第2页

Dual crop coefficients and performance of evapotranspiration methods in irrigated wheat 灌水小麦双作物系数及蒸散方法性能

January 2021 Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.21.15.01.2365

T. D. Silva, William Fenner, Edna M. B. Silva, Thiago F. Duarte, Thiago Castañon, Luana Glaup Araujo Dourado, Maria Débora Loiola Bezerra

{"title":"Dual crop coefficients and performance of evapotranspiration methods in irrigated wheat","authors":"T. D. Silva, William Fenner, Edna M. B. Silva, Thiago F. Duarte, Thiago Castañon, Luana Glaup Araujo Dourado, Maria Débora Loiola Bezerra","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.21.15.01.2365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.21.15.01.2365","url":null,"abstract":"Water availability, fertilizer management and crop rotation are fundamental to the sustainability of agriculture and food security. Thus, the objective of this study was the determination of crops coefficients, verification and comparison of methods of estimation and determination of the evapotranspiration of irrigated wheat. The experiment was carried out during two consecutive years, in which BRS 254 varieties were cultivated in 2016 and BRS 394 in the year 2017. The evapotranspiration was estimated and determined using the dual kc methodology, FAO-56, with plants grown in 12 lysimeters filled with soil monoliths, and the loss of water by evaporation measured by weighing small-lysimeters. Evapotranspiration was also determined by the water balance method. The results measured in the lysimeters (standard method) were compared with the data simulated by the dual kc method and determined by method of soil water balance, in order to determine the accuracy and efficiency of the methods used. The coefficients used to determine the efficiency of the methods were the RMSE, the RSR and the confidence index \"c\". The total evapotranspiration of the crop in both years of cultivation was 360 mm, with mean values of 3.87 mm d-1 for cultivar BRS 254 and 4.10 mm d-1 for cultivar BRS 394. The basal crops coefficients in the emergence, tillering, flowering, maturation and harvest stages were 0.42, 0.78, 0.94, 0.74 and 0.47 for cultivar BRS 254 and 0.28, 0.27, 0.65, 0.98 and 0.66 for cultivar BRS 394. The soil water evaporation coefficients at the respective stages are 0.72, 0.52, 0.39, 0.58 and 0.13 for cultivar BRS 254 and 1.04, 0.96, 0.65, 0.34 and 0.51 for cultivar BRS 394. Ke represents on average about 47% of the evapotranspiration of the irrigated wheat crop. Between methods tested, lysimeter is the best to wheat transpiration followed by FAO method and soil water balance. The use of any methods should consider the objectives and resources availability.","PeriodicalId":436878,"journal":{"name":"January 2021","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130029246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cover crops and multifunctional microorganisms can affect development of upland rice 覆盖作物和多功能微生物可以影响旱稻的发育

January 2021 Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.21.15.01.2963

F. C. Araújo, A. Nascente, M. Filippi, M. A. Silva, V. S. Sousa, A. C. Lanna

{"title":"Cover crops and multifunctional microorganisms can affect development of upland rice","authors":"F. C. Araújo, A. Nascente, M. Filippi, M. A. Silva, V. S. Sousa, A. C. Lanna","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.21.15.01.2963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.21.15.01.2963","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivation of cover crops in the off-season and the use of multifunctional microorganisms are strategic technologies to ensure sustainability in upland rice production. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of mix of cover crops cultivated in the off-season and multifunctional microorganisms on the growth promotion of upland rice plants, under no-tillage systems conducted in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks in a 6x2 factorial scheme with four replications. The treatments consisted of a combination of six soil covering plants 1. Fallow (control); 2. millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabilis and C. ochroleuca); 3. millet and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajanus); 4. millet and Urochoa ruziziensis; 5. millet, U. ruziziensis and pigeon pea; and 6. millet and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)), with or without the application of coinoculants 1301 (Bacillus sp.) + Azospirillum sp. The mix of cover crops millet + U. ruziziensis and millet + U. ruziziensis + pigeon pea recorded the largest biomass production and the highest nutrient content in the straw. Rice plants cultivated after millet + pigeon pea showed largest transpiration and stomata conductance. The application of multifunctional microorganisms contributed to an increase of 29% in the photosynthetic rates of rice plants. The highest upland rice grain yield was achieved after mix of millet + crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabilis and C. ochroleuca). The application of multifunctional microorganisms increased the mass of 1000 grains, but does not affect rice grain yield. Our results showed that cover crops significantly affected rice grain yield and the multifunctional microorganisms affected grain quality","PeriodicalId":436878,"journal":{"name":"January 2021","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124523914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Optimal Seeking Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate Responses of Hardened AISI 4340 High Strength Low AlloySteel in Dry Sustainable Environment 干燥可持续环境下硬化AISI 4340高强度低合金钢表面粗糙度和材料去除率响应的优化研究

January 2021 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22581/MUET1982.2101.11

A. H. Khawaja, M. Jahanzaib, Shahzad Zaka

{"title":"Optimal Seeking Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate Responses of Hardened AISI 4340 High Strength Low AlloySteel in Dry Sustainable Environment","authors":"A. H. Khawaja, M. Jahanzaib, Shahzad Zaka","doi":"10.22581/MUET1982.2101.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/MUET1982.2101.11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to study the machinability aspects of hardened AISI 4340 High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel (50 ± 2 HRC (Hardness Rockwell C)). The experimental investigation using coated carbide inserts is carried out during the dry hard milling process in a sustainable environment. The input parameters in the study are speed, feed rate and depth of cut and the responses are Average surface Roughness (Ra) and Material Removal Rate (MRR) that are selected through screening. Central Composite Design (CCD) in response surface methodology has been utilized as the experimental design technique with twenty experiments. Analysis of variance has been employed to examine the momentous machining parameters and responses. A mathematical model has been developed to optimize the surface roughness and material removal rate. It has been observed that the most significant factor for Ra is feed rate while for MRR depth of cut is the most significant factor. The results show that the minimum value of Ra ~ 0.098 μm is achieved at speed ~ 1000 RPM, feed rate ~ 300 mm/min and depth of cut ~ 0.2 mm while the maximum value of MRR ~ 6.35 cm3/min is attained at feed rate ~ 500mm/min and depth of cut ~ 0.4 mm regarding less or no effect of speed ~ 500-1000 RPM. The average forecast error for the validation information has been observed to be 3.35%. for Ra and 3.2% for MRR. Further, it is investigated that good surface finish like grinding and dimensional accuracy can be achieved with coated carbide tools.","PeriodicalId":436878,"journal":{"name":"January 2021","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128982909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Facebook as an official communication channel in a crisis Facebook作为危机中的官方沟通渠道

January 2021 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.47389/36.1.92

J. Lee, S. Atkinson, Chris Kim

{"title":"Facebook as an official communication channel in a crisis","authors":"J. Lee, S. Atkinson, Chris Kim","doi":"10.47389/36.1.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47389/36.1.92","url":null,"abstract":"Digital platforms have become valuable resources to citizens as they allow immediate access to quality information and news. Staying up to date with information and news is particularly vital in crises such as bushfires. The 2019–20 bushfire season in Australia was extreme, resulting in widespread devastation and loss of life, property and wildlife. Communicating with affected communities is a critical component of community response and resilience in a disaster. Organisations, such as ACT Emergency Services Agency and the NSW Rural Fire Service, need to provide timely, accurate and reliable information. This study investigated official communication using Facebook during the Orroral Valley bushfires from these two emergency services agencies and considers to what extent messaging demonstrated the characteristics of effective crisis communication, including application of the National Framework for Scaled Advice and Warnings to the Community. A content analysis of over 600 posts revealed marked differences in approaches. The study revealed the benefits of using a combination of text, images and infographics in communication activities. Suggestions are provided about how social media could be used more effectively by truly connecting with communities to improve community preparedness and resilience.","PeriodicalId":436878,"journal":{"name":"January 2021","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114405577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Implications of artificial intelligence for bushfire management 人工智能对森林火灾管理的影响

January 2021 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.47389/36.1.84

Seyed Ashkan Zarghami, Jantanee Dumrak

引用次数: 5

Optical Braille Blocks for Visually Impaired Elementary Education 视障初级教育用光学盲文积木

January 2021 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22581/MUET1982.2101.18

Attiya Baqai, Maria Jan, Rafay Rasheed Maher

{"title":"Optical Braille Blocks for Visually Impaired Elementary Education","authors":"Attiya Baqai, Maria Jan, Rafay Rasheed Maher","doi":"10.22581/MUET1982.2101.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/MUET1982.2101.18","url":null,"abstract":"Learning through play has always proved its effectiveness in elementary education and has yielded prolific results. Although there are trained instructors, special schools, specific toys and facilities for Visually Impaired (VI), yet the communication between tutors and special children holds a significant gap. Also, tools in market are either too expensive or available in limited quantity in underdeveloped countries. This paper presents a cost effective solution for visually impaired children to play and learn via Braille blocks. These blocks are designed by embossed motives representing numbers, alphabets, shapes and mathematical operators with Infra-Red (IR) tags. The blocks transmit Infrared codes when come in contact with the system. The Braille Blocks System consists of a battery, optical detectors and controller which performs detection and processing of selected IR pattern. This system comprises of three different learning modules namely Words Game, Shapes Game and Math Game. These modules are further divided into several sub-game sections so that the children can learn and improve their communication and academic skills. The presence of audio feedback elevates a child’s capabilities to memorize and concentrate on self-learning and spatial coordination in a fascinating way. The designed system was tested on 20 blind children in “National Special Education Complex” Karachi, Pakistan and an assessment was conducted on basis of different types of errors encountered by children. The suitability of the system was also evaluated by taking feedback from blind students through a questionnaire, proving its effectiveness with 79% of blind children giving either good or very good feedback.","PeriodicalId":436878,"journal":{"name":"January 2021","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122873696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Arsenic (III) Removal from Aqueous Water by Indigenous Iron Ore Adsorbent from Balochistan Province of Pakistan 用来自巴基斯坦俾路支省的铁矿吸附剂去除水中的砷

January 2021 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22581/MUET1982.2101.02

Z. Bhatti

{"title":"Arsenic (III) Removal from Aqueous Water by Indigenous Iron Ore Adsorbent from Balochistan Province of Pakistan","authors":"Z. Bhatti","doi":"10.22581/MUET1982.2101.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/MUET1982.2101.02","url":null,"abstract":"The work focuses on the removal of Arsenic-III (As(III)) from water sample by an indigenous iron ore from Balochistan by adsorption method. Three iron ore samples were analyzed by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and a sample from Shikarap containing iron 36.2% was selected because it contained the highest amount of hematite. The batch study was conducted to examine the adsorption by iron ore and maximum adsorption was observed at pH 6, 1/2 g dose per 50 mL solution, contact time 2 hr and shaking speed 150 rpm. At the optimized conditions, the removal was 89% when monitored at 50μg L-1 initial concentration of arsenic. The arsenic removal was monitored by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) using hydride generation. Dubinin - Radushkevich (D-R), Freundlich and Langmuir's isotherms were examined. The highest adsorption capacityof iron ore for As(III) removal was observed 13.67 μg g-1 by Langmuir model and Freundlich isotherm indicated good adsorption intensity with value n = 1.512. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that adsorption was exothermic and physisorption. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX)techniques were applied to scan the surface morphology and the percentage elemental composition of samples respectively. SEM results demonstrated that Shikarap mineral grains are an oval shape and these were changed after the uptake of As(III). The EDX spectra of Shikarap mineral confirm the As(III) adsorption on particles as As 4.19%.","PeriodicalId":436878,"journal":{"name":"January 2021","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133219632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Detection of Malicious Servers for Preventing Client-Side Attacks 检测恶意服务器，防止客户端攻击

January 2021 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22581/MUET1982.2101.20

Khuda Bux, Muhammad Yousaf, A. H. Jalbani, Komal Batool

{"title":"Detection of Malicious Servers for Preventing Client-Side Attacks","authors":"Khuda Bux, Muhammad Yousaf, A. H. Jalbani, Komal Batool","doi":"10.22581/MUET1982.2101.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/MUET1982.2101.20","url":null,"abstract":"The number of client-side attacks is increasing day-by-day. These attacks are launched by using various methods like phishing, drive-by downloads, click-frauds, social engineering, scareware, and ransomware. To get more advantage with less exertion and time, the attackers are focus on the clients, rather than servers which are more secured as compared to the clients. This makes clients as an easy target for the attackers on the Internet. A number of systems/tools have been created by the security community with various functions for detection of client-side attacks. The discovery of malicious servers that launch the client side attacks can be characterized in two types. First to detect malicious servers with passive detection which is often signature based. Second to detect the malicious servers with active detection often with dynamic malware analysis. Current systems or tools have more focus on identifying malicious servers rather than preventing the clients from those malicious servers. In this paper, we have proposed a solution for the detection and prevention of malicious servers that use the Bro Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and VirusTotal API 2.0. The detected malicious link is then blocked at the gateway.","PeriodicalId":436878,"journal":{"name":"January 2021","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130346264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Manchar Lake’s Hypothetical Restoration and Willingness of Fishing Communities to Switch Back To Fishing 曼查尔湖的假设恢复和渔业社区回归渔业的意愿

January 2021 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22581/MUET1982.2101.05

Muhammad Azeem, J. Memon, F. M. Mari

{"title":"Manchar Lake’s Hypothetical Restoration and Willingness of Fishing Communities to Switch Back To Fishing","authors":"Muhammad Azeem, J. Memon, F. M. Mari","doi":"10.22581/MUET1982.2101.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/MUET1982.2101.05","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental and anthropogenic changes in lakes have implications for fishers’ livelihoods in form of their forced migration and occupational change. Those advocating lake restorations often face a dilemma whenasked if lake restoration will also restore the lost livelihoods. Answering such questions are difficult because most people are not programmed for frequent changes in their livelihood structures. Using the case study of Manchar Lake fishers who seemingly have faced such transition, this study brings insights on this broad question. We developed an in-person survey based on Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to study 300 fishers’ responses to a hypothetical situation whereby they were asked to “Switch Back” to Manchar Lake assuming that it has been restored to provide various ecosystem services. Results show that complete transformation in the livelihoods of fishing communities has taken place with remarkable variation in their access to assets and livelihood outcomes. Despite increase in their access to physical capital such as school, hospital, roads, and markets, the communities are still vulnerable to income shocks and rarely enjoy privileges such as house ownership. The comparative state of current and past livelihoods and asset possessions determine ones’ willingness to switch back to fishing in Manchar Lake. Those who may have performed better in the said transition are less likely to return to their erstwhile occupations even if the lake is restored and vice-versa. We conclude that satisfaction with current livelihood outcomes is low and willingness to switch back to fishing in Manchar Lake is high since many had been poor performers in the transition. While the environmental rationale for the Manchar Lake’s ecological restoration already exists, this study suggests that there also exists a socioeconomic rationale albeit in a way that restoration also supports contemporary ecological services such as tourism.","PeriodicalId":436878,"journal":{"name":"January 2021","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114950286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Unified Evaluation of Consolidation Parameters for Low to High Plastic Range of Cohesive Soils 粘性土低塑性至高塑性固结参数的统一评价

January 2021 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22581/MUET1982.2101.09

Zia ur Rehman State, K. Farooq, H. Mujtaba, U. Khalid

{"title":"Unified Evaluation of Consolidation Parameters for Low to High Plastic Range of Cohesive Soils","authors":"Zia ur Rehman State, K. Farooq, H. Mujtaba, U. Khalid","doi":"10.22581/MUET1982.2101.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/MUET1982.2101.09","url":null,"abstract":"Knowing the engineering properties of geomaterials is imperative to make the right decision while designing and executing any geotechnical project. For the economical and safe geotechnical design, quick characterization of the compressibility properties of the cohesive soil is often desirable; these properties are indeed tedious to determine through actual tests. Therefore, correlating the consolidation parameters of the soils with its index properties has a great significance in the geotechnical engineering field. Several attempts have been made in the past to develop correlations between the consolidation parameters and index properties of the cohesive soils, within certain limitations. However, there is still a need to develop such correlations based on the extensive database, composing of unified plasticity range of soils, i.e., low to high plasticity. In the current study, 148 undisturbed soil specimens were obtained from different areas of Pakistan. Out of which 120 samples were utilized to develop correlations, and 28 samples were used to check the validity of the developed correlations. In order to enhance the index properties database, 30 more bentonite mixed soil samples were prepared and tested accordingly. Correlations to envisage different consolidation parameters such as compression index, compression ratio and coefficient of volume compressibility were developed using 150 cohesive soil samples of low to high plasticity. In addition, the performance of these developed correlations was verified on a set of 40 soil samples and compared with the performance of different correlations available in the literature. The percentage deviation in the prediction of compressibility characteristics through developed correlations in the present study was found to be very less, which endorsed the excellent reliability of the developed correlations.","PeriodicalId":436878,"journal":{"name":"January 2021","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133928392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12