{"title":"Exploring the Role of Microinsurance in Financial Inclusion: a Tanzanian Case Study","authors":"Deogratius Joseph Mhella","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341665","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study addresses a significant gap in the literature by investigating the relationship between microinsurance and financial inclusion in Tanzania, mainly focusing on the role of digital financial services. Although some literature and knowledge exist that explain microinsurance and financial inclusion, what remains unexplained in terms of contribution to knowledge is the specific nuances or mechanisms through which digital financial services facilitate access to microinsurance and how microinsurance contributes to financial inclusion. This research bridges this gap to some extent. While other studies mention that digital financial services have opened doors for low-income individuals to access microinsurance and that microinsurance has promoted financial inclusion by offering affordable products, they do not delve into the specific mechanisms or strategies employed to achieve these outcomes. To bridge the gap, the research gathered data through in-depth unstructured interviews, and thematic analysis was employed for data analysis. The study’s findings suggest that digital financial services play a significant role in shaping microinsurance opportunities in Tanzania, mainly by providing access to low-income and financially excluded individuals. These findings underscore the positive impact of microinsurance services on financial inclusion, emphasizing the importance of accessible and affordable financial services for marginalized individuals. Moreover, the principle of risk mutualization has been used to provide the theoretical underpinning of the study, and it extends beyond financial transactions to include building awareness and understanding of microinsurance and risk management.</p>","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141532347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring Oman’s International Tourism Determinants in a Gravity Modelling Framework","authors":"Azmat Gani, Sami Al-Kharusi","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341664","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research investigates Oman’s international tourism predictors within a coherent gravity modelling framework. International visitor arrival data for 2007 to 2015 involving Oman’s forty-eight main visitor origin countries are incorporated in the balanced panel estimation empirical phase that tests several gravity model specifications. The estimation procedure includes standard gravity variables and controls for several hypothesized influences. The findings provide strong evidence that the economic sizes of visitor recipient and origin countries, the distance between Oman and visitor origin countries, humidity, quality of accommodation, and common religion are statistically significant predictors. Surprisingly, while relevant, Oman’s cultural attractions (museums, forts, and castles) and the extent of human freedom are statistically insignificant. These findings are unique as they focus on the importance of factors determining Oman’s tourism within a cohesive and inclusive modelling framework. Policymakers can target the abovementioned variables to facilitate investments and propel tourism.</p>","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Mairal-Llebot, Cecilia Latorre-Cosculluela, Marta Liesa-Orús, Sergio Cored-Bandrés
{"title":"Older People and Connectivity: How Has the Pandemic Changed the Older Population’s Use of ICT s and Social Networks?","authors":"María Mairal-Llebot, Cecilia Latorre-Cosculluela, Marta Liesa-Orús, Sergio Cored-Bandrés","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341661","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The arrival of the <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">COVID</span>-19 pandemic has triggered numerous changes in our lives. Digital tools have made it possible to continue with the development of tasks or activities of multiple kinds. This fact has not bypassed the elderly who often find themselves in a situation of inequality caused by the generational digital divide. Using a mixed methodology combining quantitative and qualitative techniques, this study aims to understand and analyze how this situation has influenced the use of <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">ICT</span> s and social networks by the elderly. The research participants are 415 students from the University of Experience of a Spanish university aged 55–84 years old. The results obtained show changes in the way participants relate to technology since the beginning of the pandemic in terms of time and purpose. It also highlights the need to take measures to combat the generational digital divide, a problem that older people recognize as their own.</p>","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140588836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Financial Inclusion in Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the World","authors":"Kingsley I. Obiora, Peterson K. Ozili","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341659","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using six widely accepted indicators, this study compares the progress made in financial inclusion in Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the rest of the World, with a view to deducing lessons that each entity can improve upon. We find that Nigeria outperformed Sub-Saharan Africa in three indicators of financial inclusion while Sub-Saharan Africa did better than Nigeria in one metric. Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa exceeded the world average in informal borrowings. We also constructed an index of financial inclusion and found that financial institution account ownership, formal borrowing, informal borrowing, and debit or credit card ownership are significant positive determinants of the financial inclusion index. These findings indicate that policymakers in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa have significant room for improving their financial inclusion standings towards the global average. We make recommendations on the aspects where policymakers can place their focus in pursuit of this goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140588667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Social and Biomedical Hurdles Associated with COVID-19: Eclectic Contexts","authors":"Ndungi wa Mungai, Simon Murote Kang’ethe","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341662","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The advent of <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">COVID</span>-19 continues to present social and biomedical challenges that this article endeavors to explore through a systematic critical review of the literature. The article has also benefited from the researchers’ intuition and experiences they have acquired from investigating trends of <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">SARS</span>-CoV-2 virus dynamics. It has also benefited from engaging in informal conversations with researchers and lay people interested in addressing the myriad challenges posed by <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">COVID</span>-19. Findings have generated the following thematic discussions: stigma and stigmatization surrounding the disease, skewed global response, gender disparity, human rights dynamics, vaccine dynamics and dilemmas, and poverty associated with coronavirus advent. The article concludes by recognizing both biomedical and socioeconomic implications and the emerging social disparities and unequal access to pharmacotherapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140588809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cybersecurity Challenges in Indonesia: Threat and Responses Analysis","authors":"Fadhila Inas Pratiwi, Citra Hennida, Sartika Soesilowati, Natavia Berliantin, Devi Yuni Ekasari, Citra Sari Dewi, Angelique Angie Intan","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341660","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this research is to know the cyberthreat faced by Indonesian society and understand how the government responds towards this threat. This study employs two types of data. The first came from the literature for building the theoretical linkage, and the second came from an online survey of 328 respondents about cyberthreats that they experience, as well as the respondents’ perception regarding the government’s response. The results were then analyzed systematically along with the literature review analysis. The results show that 64 percent of Indonesian respondents have modest knowledge in terms of cyberthreats and regulations made for it. There are three main arguments for this condition. First, low level of knowledge in cyberthreat within the society. Second, Indonesian people unprepared to face the cyberthreat surrounding their daily life. Third, an inadequate Indonesian government response to prevent and tackle the cyberthreat.</p>","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140588720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136376047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Partisans and Participants: Democracy, New Media, and Nigerian Diaspora in New Zealand","authors":"Muhammed Musa, Osman Antwi-Boateng","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341651","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article argues that in the era of neo-liberal globalization there has been intensification in the movement of goods, people, and capital across national boundaries. Our ethnographic studies of Nigerian immigrants in New Zealand point to the dispersal of Africans with very active partisan roles in their homeland democratic developments. This African transnationalism, as will be seen in the case of Nigeria, is made possible and sustained by developments and transformations in the media where today new Internet-based media enable Africans abroad to play a central, partisan, and participatory role in democratic developments in the same way as those residing on the continent. The article will also argue that through the unfolding mediation new terms and acts of citizenship have been imposed on transmigrant Africans.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136376046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Intersection of Identities: Access to Primary Education in Kamrup District of Assam","authors":"Sikha Das, Sambit Mallick","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341653","url":null,"abstract":"Access to primary education is often interpreted as access to school education, resources inside and outside the school, the way different children are treated by teachers and peers, and even access to distinct types of schools. However, different resources are not accessible to all members of a particular social system based on their intersectional identities. The intersection of identities may be gender, caste, class, region, religion, race, and age group in the context of Assam located in the North Eastern Region of India. Further, ‘access’ is a ‘socio-cultural’ construct that involves selection and multiple interpretations. Access to primary education is linked to the socioeconomic, political, and cultural identity of an individual or a group of individuals. It is against this backdrop that this article attempts to understand the experiences and interpretations of access to primary education from an intersectional perspective. The study is based on the in-depth personal interviews with students, teachers, and parents (in total, 75 respondents) in Kamrup district of Assam, located in the North Eastern Region of India, to understand differing perspectives on access to primary education, which reflect their socioeconomic, cultural, and political locales.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136376041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francois Paul Cornelius, Shandré Kim Jansen van Rensburg, Sarika Kader
{"title":"Cyber Security Risks in Emerging South African Smart Cities: Towards a Cyber Security Framework","authors":"Francois Paul Cornelius, Shandré Kim Jansen van Rensburg, Sarika Kader","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341654","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Smart cities have the potential to improve the lives of citizens through the application of ICT systems that increase sustainability, service delivery, and efficiency. But, through vast connectivity and interconnected infrastructure, smart cities run the risk of falling victim to various types of cyber-attacks and information security risks. This article outlines those risks and, using a qualitative research approach, explores how a cyber security framework can inform cyber security risks in emerging South African smart cities. As such, a South African, smart city, cyber security risk framework is proposed based on the findings of interviews conducted with 17 Subject Matter Experts ( SME s). The framework is aimed at assisting smart city developers during the design, selection, and implementation of the cyber security operations within the South African context and serves as an example to other developing countries.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136376045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}