SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW最新文献_第9页

A technical workforce for regional industrial development? Origin and dispersion of graduates from the technical secondary schools in Malmö and Borås 1855–1930 区域工业发展的技术劳动力？1855年至1930年马尔默和博尔斯中专毕业生的来源和分布

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SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1901776

Fay Lundh Nilsson, Per-Olof Grönberg

{"title":"A technical workforce for regional industrial development? Origin and dispersion of graduates from the technical secondary schools in Malmö and Borås 1855–1930","authors":"Fay Lundh Nilsson, Per-Olof Grönberg","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.1901776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1901776","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article connects to the discussion on skills and knowledge during the early industrialisation. It focuses on how two out of four technical secondary schools in Sweden (Malmö and Borås) lived up to their aims communicated by politicians and other stakeholders: to provide emerging industries and crafts in their regions with technicians and to prepare for studies at the Technological Institute. Initially, a majority of students came from the school regions, but the share of long-distance students increased over time. A majority served in industry and craft, and the study reflects chemistry’s and electricity’s breakthrough with increasing shares of graduates employed over time. Several graduates continued to further studies; not only at the Technological Institute but also elsewhere in Sweden and abroad. As for the purpose to provide the regions with technicians, the results are ambiguous. Many graduates, especially from Borås, moved to other parts of Sweden and abroad. Malmö graduates stayed more often in the school region because Malmö was a larger city, and the school region more industrially diversified. The brain-drain from the school regions was not necessarily problematic as in-migration of technicians from other schools compensated.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"70 1","pages":"273 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2021.1901776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43610623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The price of neutrality: ocean freight rates and shipping policy towards the Northern Neutrals during the First World War 中立的代价:第一次世界大战期间对北方中立国的海运费率和航运政策

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SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1901777

J. T. Klovland

引用次数: 0

Income inequality in Finland, 1865–2019 芬兰的收入不平等，1865-2019

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SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1901774

Petri Roikonen

引用次数: 2

Swedish economists in the 1930s debate on economic planning 20世纪30年代瑞典经济学家关于经济计划的争论

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SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1901778

Rikard Westerberg

引用次数: 0

The evolution of credit networks in pre-industrial Finland 工业化前芬兰信贷网络的演变

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SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2021-02-28 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1884594

E. Dermineur

{"title":"The evolution of credit networks in pre-industrial Finland","authors":"E. Dermineur","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.1884594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1884594","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the specificities of interpersonal credit networks in both a rural and an urban setting in pre-industrial Finland. To analyse peer-to-peer lending, the article studies a sample of 1047 probate inventories from the town of Kristinestad and its surrounding rural area, the parish of Lappfjärd. These probate inventories feature more than 5000 credit relations between households for the period 1850–1855 and 1905–1914. This paper also concerns itself with the changes pertaining to the advent of banking institutions in the mid-nineteenth century. Traditional behavioural sciences argue that formal institutions replaced informal ones because they are more efficient, more inclusive, or both. No longer needed, informal institutions are supposed to have disappeared when formal ones emerged. But this argument does not consider the social context – or embeddedness, a term coined by Granovetter – and the individuals evolving in it. Embeddedness does not disappear. Therefore, one may ask how banks penetrated communities and the credit networks that were already in place in order to supplant private lending. Tools from social network analysis help to draw insights into the features and changes pertaining to credit networks.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"70 1","pages":"57 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2021.1884594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43943634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

‘Over-indebtedness’ – or not? Household debt accumulation and risk exposure in nineteenth century Sweden “过度负债”——还是不负债？19世纪瑞典的家庭债务积累和风险暴露

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SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2021-02-19 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1879242

H. Lindgren

{"title":"‘Over-indebtedness’ – or not? Household debt accumulation and risk exposure in nineteenth century Sweden","authors":"H. Lindgren","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.1879242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1879242","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In light of the ongoing extensive discussion concerning the increasing financial risk levels of the household sector in modern, credit-based societies, this study explores the level and structure of credit markets in nineteenth century Sweden. The growing international research focusing on informal credit markets outside formalised institutions has demonstrated that credit was abundantly and pervasively included in the lion’s share of all inter-personal financial relationships in early modern Europe. In this particular study, based on probate inventories and the inverted mortality method, the changing structure of nineteenth century credit market is estimated for the living population. The household financial situation is studied as life-cycle indebtedness and as debt ratios in relation to income, wealth and financial assets and how these ratios evolved during the transformation from a predominately agrarian to a more commercialised, monetised and industrialised economy in Sweden during the nineteenth century. The source material for this article consists of more than 5800 household probate inventories from Southern and Central Sweden, including three rural and two urban areas. The geographical selection is based on a sample utilised in a wider research project. It permits comparisons of debt structures not only between rural and urban areas, but also among different regions within Sweden.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"70 1","pages":"33 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2021.1879242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45976588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Peasants’ inequality and stratification: evidence from pre-revolutionary Russia 农民的不平等与阶层划分——来自革命前俄罗斯的证据

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SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1830166

N. Rozinskaya, A. Sorokin, D. Artamonov

{"title":"Peasants’ inequality and stratification: evidence from pre-revolutionary Russia","authors":"N. Rozinskaya, A. Sorokin, D. Artamonov","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2020.1830166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2020.1830166","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article analyses Russian peasants’ differentiation in the late 19th to early 20th centuries, addressing issues related to transformation of the peasantry's socio-economic standing during the market economy formation period. Combining statistical data analysis and using a multilevel model on peasants’ welfare in the province of Simbirsk, we find that a high level of inequality existed in the region at the time of the census; that inequality within a county contributes more toward income inequality than inequality between counties. Based on different statistical resources, we also plot the graphs and calculate the Gini indices for provinces for which data on the distribution of land, horses, and cows by individual farms are available. Our results do not support Chayanov's hypothesis on the correlation between the number of peasant family members and the amount of land in their possession. Our results indicate that communes were losing their ‘equalising’ function. For most provinces, the Gini index had been rising over time, indicating increasing inequality. Most importantly, this increase occurred in a relatively short period—much faster than in other countries—thereby making Russia more socially and politically vulnerable.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"69 1","pages":"253 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2020.1830166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49604750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Wreckage recycled. Salvage auctions and their economic impact in eighteenth century Sweden 残骸回收。打捞拍卖及其在18世纪瑞典的经济影响

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SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1843530

Juha-Matti Granqvist

引用次数: 1

The evolution of capital adequacy rules – the contrasting cases of Sweden and Britain 资本充足率规则的演变——瑞典和英国的对比案例

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SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-11-29 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1843528

Åsa Malmström Rognes

引用次数: 0

Negotiating bilateralism: the Finnish-Soviet clearing trade and payment system, 1952–1990 谈判双边主义:1952-1990年芬兰-苏联清算贸易和支付系统

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SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1843529

Saara Matala

{"title":"Negotiating bilateralism: the Finnish-Soviet clearing trade and payment system, 1952–1990","authors":"Saara Matala","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2020.1843529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2020.1843529","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Finland and the Soviet Union had a special trade partnership based on bilateral clearing trade and payment system and five-year agreements 1952–1990. While other market economies, and eventually even socialist countries, opted for multilateral trade and convertible currencies, the clearing system was popular in Finland until its termination. The end of the bilateral trade was a surprise for many, but this article shows how the continuance of the Finnish-Soviet bilateral trade had been under discussion from the 1960s onwards. This article examines the agency and attitude of the Finnish foreign trade administration in questions related to the continuance of the bilateral trade system. It underlines three aspects. Firstly, the bilateral clearing trade and payment system was not self-evident but a choice and as a choice it had political and economic consequences. Secondly, the decision to maintain the clearing system was a negotiation and in this negotiation both Finland and the Soviet Union had agency. Finally, the meanings connected to the clearing trade and payment system were not stabile but changed over time.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"70 1","pages":"87 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2020.1843529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48668978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2