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Connecting formal education and practice to agricultural innovation in Denmark (1860s–1920): a note on sources and methods 将丹麦的正规教育和实践与农业创新联系起来(1860 - 1920):关于来源和方法的说明
IF 0.6
SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1806920
Kristin Ranestad
{"title":"Connecting formal education and practice to agricultural innovation in Denmark (1860s–1920): a note on sources and methods","authors":"Kristin Ranestad","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2020.1806920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2020.1806920","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It is generally found that human capital has had positive effects on industrial development and economic growth. But the relationship between formal education, work practice, industrial development and economic growth, and changes over time, remains unclear, largely because of a lack of empirical evidence. This note argues that an investigation of the Danish dairy industry can contribute to further our understanding of the impacts and limitations of formal education and practice. It describes unique sources that can be used to construct a database, which in turn can be used to make an empirically solid investigation of whether, and how, knowledge learned at school and through practice contributed to technological changes, diffusion of technology and increased productivity in the Danish dairy industry from the 1860s to 1920, a period when this industry went through a technological and industrial transformation. The purpose of this planned investigation will be to fill a gap in Danish historiography, but also to contribute to the wider literature about the role of education and practice in innovation with empirical evidence, and by further developing concepts of knowledge and technology.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"69 1","pages":"233 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2020.1806920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48141001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Swedish East India trade in a value-added analysis, c. 1730–1800 瑞典东印度贸易的增值分析，约1730–1800年
IF 0.6
SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1809511
K. Rönnbäck, Leos Müller
{"title":"Swedish East India trade in a value-added analysis, c. 1730–1800","authors":"K. Rönnbäck, Leos Müller","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2020.1809511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2020.1809511","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The narrative of the Swedish East India Company (SEIC) is a well-known part of Sweden’s eighteenth century history. The company is known as a profitable venture, the only successful chartered company in Sweden, but with a limited impact upon the country’s economic development. In this paper, we employ a value-chain analysis to estimate the Swedish East India trade’s magnitude in terms of value-added. The results show that the success of the company was not based on monopolised domestic market in Sweden, a typical strategy of big chartered companies. The most valuable line of SEIC’s business (Chinese teas) was rather based on re-exports to other countries in Europe. Our quantitative estimates also show that the Swedish East India trade eventually made up a non-negligible share, and in particular a major share of the transport and trade sectors, of the Swedish economy during a long part of the eighteenth century.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"70 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2020.1809511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44869199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forging cartels. A transatlantic perspective on business collusion and the interwar copper industry (1918–1940) 伪造卡特尔。跨大西洋视角下的商业勾结和两次世界大战之间的铜工业（1918–1940）
IF 0.6
SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1663761
Robrecht Declercq
{"title":"Forging cartels. A transatlantic perspective on business collusion and the interwar copper industry (1918–1940)","authors":"Robrecht Declercq","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2019.1663761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2019.1663761","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the formation and activities of international copper cartels during the interwar period by focusing on the Union Minière du Haut Katanga (UHMK), one of the principal new entrants at that time. Rather than seeing interwar copper cartels as an expression of the rise of the American copper industry, cartels gradually came to reflect the expansion of production world-wide by absorbing new entry. New entrants were crucial in setting up the Copper Exporters Inc (CEI) and International Copper Cartel (ICC) cartels. In addition, the formation and organisation of copper cartels are examined from the point of view of state policies. It is argued that governments, both in the US as well as in Europe, welcomed or tolerated cartels so long as they could provide security and social stability for domestic employment by regulating competition. Such arguments even allowed firms to push the boundaries of what was legally accepted, as the export cartel CEI gradually transformed into a production quota cartel. Copper cartels thereby functioned as alternatives to protectionism until 1932. Thereafter, firms turned to more resourceful solutions to circumvent American antitrust legislation and protectionism, resulting in the ICC, which depended upon informal and indirect American business participation. Abbreviations: UMHK: Union Minière du Haut Katanga; SGM: Société Générale des Minerais; CEA: Copper Export Association; CEI: Copper Exporters Inc.; ICC: International Copper Cartel; ARA 1: Algemeen Rijksarchief/Archives du Royaume 1, Ruisbroekstraat 2, 1000 Brussel; ARA 2: Algemeen Rijksarchief/Archives du Royaume 2, Archiefdepot Joseph Cuvelier, Hopstraat 26-28, 1000 Brussel","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"68 1","pages":"204 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2019.1663761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46176167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Beyond the market: broader perspectives in cartel research 超越市场：卡特尔研究的更广阔视角
IF 0.6
SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1820902
S. Fellman, M. Shanahan
{"title":"Beyond the market: broader perspectives in cartel research","authors":"S. Fellman, M. Shanahan","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2020.1820902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2020.1820902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"68 1","pages":"195 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2020.1820902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47471026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Insurance cartels and state policies in Norway, 1870s–1990s 19世纪70年代至90年代挪威的保险卡特尔和国家政策
IF 0.6
SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1703802
H. Espeli
{"title":"Insurance cartels and state policies in Norway, 1870s–1990s","authors":"H. Espeli","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2019.1703802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2019.1703802","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper analyses the prolonged nature of two related cartels in life and non-life insurance, in Norway. Insurance cartels and the role of the state are rarely studied in cartel research, although such cartels are common. Cartels played an important role in creating trust and stability in the formative years of the Norwegian insurance industry. In life insurance, premiums are paid sometimes decades in advance. Reducing high transaction costs can also explain the state’s prolonged support of the fire and non-life insurance cartels. State policy towards the fire insurance cartel changed after World War I, when the state became a competitor, although its regulations did not directly weaken the non-life insurance cartel, this finally collapsed due to mergers in 1982. State support for the life insurance cartel was strong from the 1920s to the 1980s. By then it was difficult to differentiate between state-sector regulations and cartel interests. The life insurance cartel was dismantled by new state regulations in the mid-1980s.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"68 1","pages":"222 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2019.1703802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41344692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The foundations of cooperation: building cartels in the Nordic cement industry and beyond, 1890–1947 合作的基础：1890-1947年在北欧水泥行业及其他行业建立卡特尔
IF 0.6
SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1703803
M. Dahlström
{"title":"The foundations of cooperation: building cartels in the Nordic cement industry and beyond, 1890–1947","authors":"M. Dahlström","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2019.1703803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2019.1703803","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cooperation and cartels are common-place in the cement industry. The Nordic countries’ close historical ties meant cooperation between the cement companies and their directors existed from the industry’s establishment in the 1890s. Cooperation was an essential part of the activities of cement company managers and was integral to business operations, with national cartels also establishing international cartels. While cooperation was ever present, its forms varied over time. Even when the form and membership of the cartels changed, however, exports were always central. Cartel agreements were re-negotiated regularly and their Nordic managers kept in close contact with each other. The Nordic cement producers also cooperated with other European producers, eventually leading to the establishment of a European cement cartel, the Cembureau, in 1947. The Cembureau was the ultimate result of a long period of cooperation and trust driven by the Nordic cement companies.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"68 1","pages":"239 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2019.1703803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46647966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Two cartel regimes. Swedish paper cartels and the EEC in the 1970s 两个卡特尔政权。20世纪70年代的瑞典纸业卡特尔和欧洲经济共同体
IF 0.6
SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1704858
B. Karlsson
{"title":"Two cartel regimes. Swedish paper cartels and the EEC in the 1970s","authors":"B. Karlsson","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2019.1704858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2019.1704858","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1973 Sweden entered into a free-trade agreement with the EEC. This meant that the EEC principle of prohibition of cartels met with the Swedish principle of abuse. Paper production was heavily cartelised in Sweden and Scandinavian export cartels exercised a strong influence over EEC markets. The problem is analysed in terms of legitimacy – how did the Swedish actors make their claims legitimate? When analysing the arguments used in the negotiations it becomes clear that the Swedish negotiators claimed that paper cartels and no tariffs provided more general utility whereas the EEC argument was that cartels were principally wrong and that the EEC utility was more important than the potential general utility. Since Sweden did not have the upper hand in the discussions the outcome became that the Scandinavian export cartels were formally dismantled and free trade for paper products had to wait for 11 years. When it comes to the actual effects, Swedish paper export could continue in much the same way as before. A process initiated by EC against the Scandinavian newspaper cartels ended up in a compromise founded on a common skepticism towards North American producers.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"68 1","pages":"254 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2019.1704858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41462698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Extractive visions: Sweden’s quest for China’s natural resources, 1913–1917 提取愿景：瑞典对中国自然资源的追求，1913–1917
IF 0.6
SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-08-02 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1789731
P. Högselius, Yunwei Song
{"title":"Extractive visions: Sweden’s quest for China’s natural resources, 1913–1917","authors":"P. Högselius, Yunwei Song","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2020.1789731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2020.1789731","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article scrutinises one of the most fascinating and ambitious cases of Swedish informal empire-building in the industrial age: the skilfully orchestrated attempts by scientists, diplomats, industrial companies and financial institutions to seize control over early Republican China’s most strategic industrial sector – its iron and steel complex. Sweden’s ‘extractive vision’, as we call it, started with the recruitment of Johan Gunnar Andersson, head of the Swedish Geological Survey, as a key advisor to the Chinese government. Contrary to earlier research on Andersson’s Chinese career, which narrowly portrays Andersson as a scientist, we show that he was closely affiliated with the exploitative interests of Swedish industrial and foreign-policy actors. In the end he took the lead in seeking to secure, for Sweden, a quasi-colonial presence in Republican China, centring on large-scale extraction of Chinese iron ore, profit-maximising iron exports throughout the Pacific region and construction and operation of China’s largest steel mills and weapons factories.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"69 1","pages":"158 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2020.1789731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48621961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The distributional effect of a financial crisis: Russia 1899–1905 金融危机的分配效应:1899-1905年的俄罗斯
IF 0.6
SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-08-02 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1786451
Nikita Lychakov
{"title":"The distributional effect of a financial crisis: Russia 1899–1905","authors":"Nikita Lychakov","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2020.1786451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2020.1786451","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Who pays for financial crises? This paper examines the period between the major Russian financial crisis of 1899–1902 and the Russian Revolution of 1905. Using newly constructed aggregate-level data and narrative evidence, this paper finds that in response to the crisis, the Russian government and industry transferred income and wealth from ordinary workers to industrialists and investors. The recipients of transfers weathered the crisis well and profited during the recovery, while employees’ wages and wealth fell behind.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"69 1","pages":"140 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2020.1786451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45356796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Small and medium powers in global history: trade, conflicts and neutrality from the 18th to the 20th Centuries 全球历史上的中小大国：18至20世纪的贸易、冲突与中立
IF 0.6
SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW Pub Date : 2020-08-02 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1788986
L. Bruno
{"title":"Small and medium powers in global history: trade, conflicts and neutrality from the 18th to the 20th Centuries","authors":"L. Bruno","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2020.1788986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2020.1788986","url":null,"abstract":"Major wars have had a mostly negative impact on trade, especially since the 17th century. Research on the effect of wars on trade has focused mainly on the great powers, who often were the belliger...","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"68 1","pages":"306 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03585522.2020.1788986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42085925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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