Athens Journal of Social Sciences最新文献_第3页

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) Towards COVID-19 among Older People Living in Informal Settlements in Nairobi City, Kenya 肯尼亚内罗毕市非正规住区老年人应对COVID-19的知识、态度和做法

Athens Journal of Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.30958/ajss.9-4-2

Fredrick Okoth Okaka, P. Omondi

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) Towards COVID-19 among Older People Living in Informal Settlements in Nairobi City, Kenya","authors":"Fredrick Okoth Okaka, P. Omondi","doi":"10.30958/ajss.9-4-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajss.9-4-2","url":null,"abstract":"Informal settlements in developing countries such as Kenya are the least prepared to deal with COVID-19 pandemic due to lack of basic housing, water and sanitation, and overcrowding. The risk is magnified for older people in such an environment due to their advanced age that compromises their immune system, and the fact that they are more likely to have pre-existing health conditions which weaken their body’s ability to fight infectious diseases. This study sought to establish older people’s knowledge levels, perception, and risk assessment with regard to COVID-19, and adherence to prevention measures. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 150 respondents aged 60 years and above from two selected informal settlements in the city of Nairobi during the month of August 2020. Primary data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics that involved the use of frequencies, totals and percentages. Knowledge of dry cough and fever as COVID-19 symptoms was high, but only 31.5% listed difficulty in breathing. Slightly over half correctly identified elderly people as being at greatest risk of getting severely sick from COVID-19. About 60% were aware that they are at risk of contracting COVID-19. Strong religious belief was the main reason among those who believed they are not at risk. Wearing face masks and hand-washing using soap were the main prevention measures adopted. In conclusion, the study revealed that knowledge about some key symptoms of COVID-19 is still low, and that a considerable number of older people do not think that elderly people are at great risk of getting severely sick. Misconception that a strong religious belief can protect one from contracting the disease is still common among older people. There is, therefore, need for well-tailored and contextualized awareness campaigns to reach this high risk group. Keywords: COVID-19, older people, slums, knowledge, behavior","PeriodicalId":436149,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134079601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

CO2 The Structural Conditions for the Expansion of COVID-19 in Peru CO2: 2019冠状病毒病在秘鲁蔓延的结构性条件

Athens Journal of Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.30958/ajss.9-4-3

J. Lust

{"title":"CO2 The Structural Conditions for the Expansion of COVID-19 in Peru","authors":"J. Lust","doi":"10.30958/ajss.9-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajss.9-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"Peru is one of the most affected and infected countries by COVID-19. The expansion of the virus could not be contained by lockdowns and states of emergency. The re-opening of the economy increased the expansion of COVID-19. We argue that the role of Peru in the international division of labor is not only the structural condition for the persistence of labor precariousness in the country, but also the principal cause for the expansion of COVID-19 in Peru. Labor precariousness and the expansion of COVID-19 are the expressions of the country’s economic and business structure. An economic structure heavily dependent on the non-tradable sectors and a business structure dominated by micro business undertakings, characterized by low productivity levels, do not permit the eradication of precarious labor conditions as economic growth hinges on economic progress abroad and precariousness is the source of profit of micro companies. The persistence of labor precariousness impedes the containment of COVID-19. Labor precariousness expressed in wages at the subsistence level and the lack of labor stability in the formal sector, in combination with the structural character of informality have been the catalysts for the expansion of the virus. We demonstrate that COVID-19 is not a democratic virus but a class virus. For Metropolitan Lima, districts with a more than average rate of informality have also a more than average rate of COVID-19 infections. The neoliberal development model has been responsible for the incapacity of the government to implement measures in accordance with the country’s social and economic structure that might have contained the expansion of COVID-19. This model is the expression of Peru’s function in the globalized world, the relation between this role and the country’s economic and business structure, the functionality of the extractive development model for the Peruvian State, and the correlation of class forces within and outside the state apparatuses. Keywords: Peru, COVID-19, labor precariousness, international division of labor, neoliberal development model","PeriodicalId":436149,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114344814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Use of Primaries by Political Parties: The Case of PASOK - A Comment 政党初选的运用:以泛希社运为例

Athens Journal of Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.30958/ajss.9-3-5

Domenico Fruncillo

引用次数: 0

The Online Looking Glass: The Study of Self Esteem and Narcissism on Instagram within a Patriarchal and Collectivist Society 在线镜子:父权和集体主义社会中Instagram上的自尊和自恋研究

Athens Journal of Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.30958/ajss.9-3-4

J. Dinkha, Charles Mitchell, B. Zogheib, Aya Abdulhadi

{"title":"The Online Looking Glass: The Study of Self Esteem and Narcissism on Instagram within a Patriarchal and Collectivist Society","authors":"J. Dinkha, Charles Mitchell, B. Zogheib, Aya Abdulhadi","doi":"10.30958/ajss.9-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajss.9-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"Online social networking sites have revealed an entirely new method of impression management and self-expression. These user-generated social tools present a new and evolving medium of investigation to study personality and identity. The current study examines how narcissism and self-esteem are demonstrated on the social networking application Instagram. To frame our research, we utilized the Uses and Gratifications Theory, which explains why audiences consume mediated messages and how and why authors create user-generated media (UGM). In this research our objective was to understand how and why users of Instagram in Kuwait were using the social media platform and how it related and impacted their self-esteem and how it revealed, if any, narcissistic personality traits. To do so, self-esteem and narcissistic personality self-reports were collected from 79 Instagram users in Kuwait and we also followed and analyzed their Instagram accounts. In our analysis, these participants’ profiles were coded on self-promotional content features based on their Instagram photos and captions posted on their Instagram accounts. By probing the relationship between this new medium, we can begin to understand the relationship amongst technology, culture, and the self. Keywords: social media, Kuwait, Instagram, self-esteem, narcissism, social networking","PeriodicalId":436149,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132519071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CO2 Emission from Brickfields in Bangladesh: Can Ethical Responsibility by Doing Reduce Level of Emission? 孟加拉国砖瓦厂的二氧化碳排放:通过行动可以降低排放水平的道德责任吗?

Athens Journal of Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.30958/ajss.9-3-3

A. Rahman

{"title":"CO2 Emission from Brickfields in Bangladesh: Can Ethical Responsibility by Doing Reduce Level of Emission?","authors":"A. Rahman","doi":"10.30958/ajss.9-3-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajss.9-3-3","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years’ rapid urbanization and then rural to urban migration have created increasing demands of bricks usages in Bangladesh. However, brick industry has been largely using inefficient, dirty technology and burns woods-coal. It injects huge volume of CO2 in atmosphere. For policy guidance on the issue, this study analyzes the basic issues of CO2 emission from brickfields in terms of marginal damage (MD) analysis. Findings show that the marginal social costs are higher than marginal private (producer of bricks) costs where brickfields are benefiting with the expense of Bangladeshi society as a whole. As time passes by, rises of brick-prices have been causing upward trends of welfare losses where producers’ surpluses are dominating in the total surplus. This economic situation has been causing higher deadweight loss year after year. Addressing the issues, national strategies and policy actions are needed. Reforestation efforts can be achieved in multi-faucets: brick-fields’ charity, government policies on planting trees & policies on motivational efforts inspiring citizens of Bangladesh. Motivational policy can be: i) inspiring celebration individual’s “Birthday, Having 1st child in family and Event of marriage” by planting trees, ii) forcing to utilize green tech in brick kilns and iii) conducting academic research where financial supports are in need. Keywords: brickfields, effluent gases emission, causes social costs & deadweight loss, reforestation, motivational efforts of government policies","PeriodicalId":436149,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130358453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Teaching in a Global World: Challenges and Opportunities for Small-Sized Universities - Insights from Italy 全球化世界中的教学:小型大学的挑战与机遇——来自意大利的见解

Athens Journal of Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.30958/ajss.9-3-2

Barbara Zagaglia

{"title":"Teaching in a Global World: Challenges and Opportunities for Small-Sized Universities - Insights from Italy","authors":"Barbara Zagaglia","doi":"10.30958/ajss.9-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajss.9-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s academic institutions are strongly involved in the modern globalization process. The aim of the paper is to investigate if small-sized universities face particular challenges and if they obtain some advantages or are adversely affected by the ongoing process. The focus is on Europe and, specifically, on Italy, one of the signatory countries of the Bologna Declaration, that has implemented the European international reform process. Based on official data from the Italian Ministry of University and Research, first we analyse university characteristics and then we calculate performance selected indicators that are informative of a few key aspects, such as teaching quality and internationalisation and look at student satisfaction. Results show that teaching quality in small-sized public universities is similar to that in big-sized public ones whereas small-sized private universities perform better than big-sized private ones. Attractiveness for students abroad is greater for smaller and more specialized universities, and this is especially evident for private universities. Satisfaction as well is higher for students studying in small-sized universities. However, doubts exist for the future due to the possible negative effects of the very complex and strict administrative procedures of the current organization and evaluation system. Keywords: universities, small-sized, teaching, performance, Europe, Italy","PeriodicalId":436149,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131560262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Democracy and Politics: An Introduction to the Special Issue of the Athens Journal of Social Sciences 民主与政治:《雅典社会科学杂志》特刊导论

Athens Journal of Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.30958/ajss.9-2-0

G. Papanikos

引用次数: 1

How do Revolting Young People Become Radicals – The Case of Slovakia 叛逆的年轻人如何成为激进分子——斯洛伐克的案例

Athens Journal of Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.30958/ajss.9-2-3

Gizela Brutovská, Matúš Béreš

{"title":"How do Revolting Young People Become Radicals – The Case of Slovakia","authors":"Gizela Brutovská, Matúš Béreš","doi":"10.30958/ajss.9-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajss.9-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"Radicalisation of young people is a gradual process. Emptiness in a form of distrust has spread into all areas of human life (work, family, church, etc.) and has led to indifference and passivity. This, coupled with young person’s disintegration in terms of values and norms (disintegration) and social isolation (disorganization), prompts some sort of revolt. Losing footing in many life situations, the young person resorts to expressions of anger, which, if left unresolved, gradually grows into aggression and violence. The paper aims to identify and describe the sources of anger and frustration of young radicals in Slovakia. It also outlines the most common targets of their aggression. Close attention is paid to Slovak conscripts (Slovenskí branci), one of the radical groups in Slovakia. The Slovak Ministry of Defence regards this paramilitary group as a security threat. The theoretical part of the paper is based on works of sociologists who introduce the concept of indifferent society (Lipovetsky 2008) and examine barriers that hinder young people’s integration (Durkheim 1973). Defining aggression and violence that originate in anger is based on Arendt’s study (2004). The empirical part of the paper is a result of the qualitative research conducted among young radicals, aged 14-17 in Slovakia in a form of case studies. Keywords: indifference, disintegration, revolt, anger, aggression","PeriodicalId":436149,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123831680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Use of Primaries by Political Parties: The Case of PASOK 政党初选的运用:以泛希社运为例

Athens Journal of Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.30958/ajss.9-2-1

G. Papanikos

{"title":"The Use of Primaries by Political Parties: The Case of PASOK","authors":"G. Papanikos","doi":"10.30958/ajss.9-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajss.9-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the primary elections of the PanHellenic Socialist Party (PASOK) which were held on 5th and 12th of December 2021. Six candidates run for the position of the president in the first round and two runners-up in the second. As mentioned in the literature, there is a dearth of primary elections studies relative to general elections. The latter attract the attention of mass media for the obvious reason: they determine who or which party will govern the country or any other political entity. Nevertheless, there is a growing literature on primary studies. There are three aspects researched in this literature: (a) primary elections systems, (b) why a political party decides to hold primary elections and (c) the selection criteria of candidates and voters. This paper uses the existing literature to analyze some facets of the history of PASOK’s primary elections, emphasizing the most recent one of 2021. The most important conclusion emerging from this analysis is that ideology did play a role, particularly the candidates’ stance on their possible collaboration with the right-wing or the left-wing parties, which has been a controversial issue in the last decade. Another important conclusion is that PASOK voters opted for a younger candidate primarily because they wanted to get out of the current stalemate of PASOK’s low performance in general elections. As predicted from the literature, the competition between the six candidates resulted in a large turnout on the ballot date even though other factors played a positive role such as very good weather and a wide media coverage. Keywords: primaries, elections, voting, political parties, PASOK, Greece","PeriodicalId":436149,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114772746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

"If you rake me over the coals…" – The Emotional Intelligence of Benjamin Netanyahu: The Prime Minister of Israel, as Perceived by Israeli Citizens “如果你把我放在煤上……”——本杰明·内塔尼亚胡的情商:以色列公民眼中的以色列总理

Athens Journal of Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.30958/ajss.9-2-4

Y. Buskila, Tamar Chem Levi, Andrea Kayne

引用次数: 1