Lung Cancer ManagementPub Date : 2017-12-01Epub Date: 2018-06-22DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2017-0019
Joel Mason, Benjamin Blyth, Michael P MacManus, Olga A Martin
{"title":"Treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer and circulating tumor cells.","authors":"Joel Mason, Benjamin Blyth, Michael P MacManus, Olga A Martin","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2017-0019","DOIUrl":"10.2217/lmt-2017-0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgery is the main curative therapy for patients with localized non-small-cell lung cancer while radiotherapy (RT), alone or with concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy, remains the primary curative modality for locoregionally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. The risk of distant metastasis is high after curative-intent treatment, largely attributable to the presence of undetected micrometastases, but which could also be related to treatment-related increases in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTC mobilization by RT or systemic therapies might either reflect efficient tumor destruction with improved prognosis, or might promote metastasis and thus represent a potential therapeutic target. RT may induce prometastatic biological alterations in CTC at the cellular level, which are detectable by 'liquid biopsies', though their rarity represents a major challenge. Improved methods of isolation and <i>ex vivo</i> propagation will be essential for the future of CTC research.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"6 4","pages":"129-139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6310303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36853480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conor O'Shea, Kashif Ali Khan, Josef Tugwell, Pádraig Cantillon-Murphy, Marcus P Kennedy
{"title":"Loss of flexion during bronchoscopy: a physical experiment and case study of commercially available systems.","authors":"Conor O'Shea, Kashif Ali Khan, Josef Tugwell, Pádraig Cantillon-Murphy, Marcus P Kennedy","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2017-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2017-0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During routine endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) procedures, especially with biopsy of lymph nodes in or around the left upper lobe, frequent reports have noted the loss of ultrasound image and needle angulation leading to an inability to biopsy nodes visualised by EBUS. The aim of this research was to investigate and compare this loss of angulation with commercially available scopes. Bench-top experiments and a clinical case study demonstrated the varying loss of scope angulation, flexibility and manoeuvrability with different scopes and biopsy instruments leading to procedural implications. Improvements in both the EBUS scope and needle characteristics are required to overcome this limitation which has implications in bronchoscope navigation and the diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"6 3","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2017-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36854078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentina Bertaglia, Stefania Vallone, Maria Vittoria Pacchiana, Silvia Novello
{"title":"Advanced squamous lung cancer: therapeutic options, future directions, unmet needs and results of a monocentric survey.","authors":"Valentina Bertaglia, Stefania Vallone, Maria Vittoria Pacchiana, Silvia Novello","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2017-0011","DOIUrl":"10.2217/lmt-2017-0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in worldwide, and NSCLC represents around 85% of all lung cancers. Squamous cell lung cancer (SqCLC) is the second most common subtype and it is challenging to treat. New options have been discovered but progresses are still limited for the lack of 'druggable' mutations. Specific resources for SqCLC are limited and this condition affects treatment and outcomes. This paper describes available and emerging therapeutic options and resources that may help patients to face their disease. We have also performed a monocentric survey collecting information about smoking habit and sense of guilty and analyzed the possibility for patients to find helpful sources for their disease. The results suggest that more materials focused on SqCLC are still needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"6 3","pages":"93-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2017-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36854079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Severe intestinal ischemia during chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Barbara Legius, Kristiaan Nackaerts","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2017-0016","DOIUrl":"10.2217/lmt-2017-0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thromboembolic events (TEEs) are frequent in cancer patients, especially venous thrombosis. Arterial thrombosis is less frequent. Chemotherapy increases the risk of these TEEs. Although TEEs are often reported, intestinal ischemia is a rare complication in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Here we describe a rare case of a patient with small cell lung cancer, who developed intestinal ischemia during treatment with cisplatin-etoposide chemotherapy. Shock and multiple organ failure developed and an urgent laparotomy with total colectomy was necessary. This case and review of the literature show that overall arterial TEEs are not as infrequent and may rarely manifest as intestinal ischemia. A cardiovascular assessment before the start of anticancer therapy is therefore imperative for cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"6 3","pages":"87-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6310311/pdf/lmt-06-87.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36854076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lung Cancer ManagementPub Date : 2017-11-01Epub Date: 2017-10-26DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2017-0010
Sean Warsch, Mohammad Jahanzeb
{"title":"Patient with typical carcinoid initially diagnosed as high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma.","authors":"Sean Warsch, Mohammad Jahanzeb","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2017-0010","DOIUrl":"10.2217/lmt-2017-0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the case of a patient initially diagnosed with a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, which 5 years later was determined to have a low-grade typical carcinoid. The patient received radiotherapy and numerous chemotherapy regimens for treatment of a high-grade metastatic mixed large and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, without a significant response to any treatment. Subsequent imaging revealed widely metastatic disease and computed tomography-guided biopsy demonstrated a carcinoid tumor with no necrosis. The patient was started on temozolomide + capecitabine, long-acting octreotide and denosumab, with everolimus planned upon disease progression. Findings from this case study highlight the importance of accurate histopathologic classification of thoracic neuroendocrine tumors at diagnosis, to avoid the unnecessary administration of aggressive chemotherapy to patients with low-grade tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"6 2","pages":"41-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/38/ba/lmt-06-41.PMC6310322.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36854074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lung Cancer ManagementPub Date : 2017-11-01Epub Date: 2017-11-17DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2016-0018
Paraskevi Boura, Dimitra Grapsa, Stylianos Loukides, Maria Angelidou, Konstantina Tsakanika, Nikolaos Syrigos, Ioannis Gkiozos
{"title":"The prognostic value of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage levels of adiponectin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.","authors":"Paraskevi Boura, Dimitra Grapsa, Stylianos Loukides, Maria Angelidou, Konstantina Tsakanika, Nikolaos Syrigos, Ioannis Gkiozos","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2016-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2016-0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to explore the prognostic implications of adiponectin (APN) levels in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with advanced NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>29 newly diagnosed patients with stage IV NSCLC were prospectively enrolled. Baseline serum and BAL levels of APN were assayed by ELISA and correlated with various clinicopathological parameters, including overall survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant correlations were observed between the serum or BAL levels of APN and the clinicopathological parameters evaluated. The only prognostic factor identified, both by univariate and multivariate survival analyses, was performance status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of our cohort failed to reveal any prognostic significance of serum and BAL levels of APN in stage IV NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"6 2","pages":"55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2016-0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36853477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lung Cancer ManagementPub Date : 2017-11-01Epub Date: 2017-11-17DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2017-0004
Thomas Newsom-Davis
{"title":"The route to diagnosis: emergency presentation of lung cancer.","authors":"Thomas Newsom-Davis","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2017-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2017-0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A significant proportion of lung cancer patients are first diagnosed as part of an emergency presentation (EP) to acute medical services. This route to diagnosis is a strong negative predictor of survival, and is associated with age, deprivation and medical co-morbidities. Patients are less likely to receive anticancer treatment than those diagnosed through elective routes. The causes of EP of cancer are complex. When it is unavoidable, prompt input from specialist lung cancer services is needed. Preventing EP of lung cancer involves streamlined diagnostic pathways, public health campaigns about symptoms, decision-support tools for general practitioners, improved communication and access for primary and secondary care, and focus on vague symptoms. Reducing EP of lung cancer is important when improving outcomes and patient experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"6 2","pages":"67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2017-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36854075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lung Cancer ManagementPub Date : 2017-11-01Epub Date: 2017-11-17DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2017-0006
Mark T Corkum, George B Rodrigues
{"title":"Patient selection for thoracic radiotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.","authors":"Mark T Corkum, George B Rodrigues","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2017-0006","DOIUrl":"10.2217/lmt-2017-0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer remains a challenge with poor local control and overall survival. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, consisting of a combination of a platinum agent plus etoposide. The role of consolidative chest radiotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer remains controversial. Two randomized clinical trials have been published demonstrating improved intrathoracic disease control with a small survival benefit, though interpretation and application of these results to clinical practice has been debated. These two trials examined different radiotherapy techniques and doses, with a third trial treating consolidative chest and oligometastatic disease having closed prematurely due to an interim analysis demonstrating treatment futility plus increased toxicity. Patients with residual intrathoracic disease after chemotherapy appear to benefit the most from consolidative chest radiotherapy, offering a potential tool to help select appropriate patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"6 2","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6310308/pdf/lmt-06-47.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36854077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lung Cancer ManagementPub Date : 2017-07-01Epub Date: 2017-05-19DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2016-0019
Satya Das, Leora Horn
{"title":"Plasma genotyping in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: simplifying or confusing the diagnosis?","authors":"Satya Das, Leora Horn","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2016-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2016-0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification of driver mutations in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer has changed the treatment outcomes for patients with actionable driver mutations. Lack of tissue at diagnosis, however, remains a central obstacle in making optimal treatment decisions in patients with advanced disease. Although the US FDA has approved one plasma-based test for detecting epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in patients with advanced stage disease, sensitivity of these assays remains mediocre, necessitating additional tissue testing and possible delays in patients with negative results. Serial monitoring for response and early detection of acquired resistance to targeted therapies is also possible with cell-free DNA, however the benefit of switching therapy prior to detection of changes on imaging is unknown currently.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"6 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2016-0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36854073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lung Cancer ManagementPub Date : 2017-07-01Epub Date: 2017-07-14DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2016-0020
Anjali Gera, David Olayinka Kamson, Victoria M Villaflor, Rimas V Lukas
{"title":"Added diagnostic utility of PET in a patient with subacute encephalopathy and small-cell lung cancer.","authors":"Anjali Gera, David Olayinka Kamson, Victoria M Villaflor, Rimas V Lukas","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2016-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2016-0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurologic disorder (PND) synthesizes the clinical picture (including the temporal relationship to the cancer diagnosis), detection of onconeural antibodies and exclusion of alternative causes. The mainstay of brain imaging of PNDs is MRI. There is also an increasingly recognized role of PET using radiotracer <sup>18</sup>F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in the evaluation of the brain. We describe a 67-year-old female with a 50-year smoking history and small-cell lung cancer developing subacute encephalopathy with MRI and PET abnormalities identifying paraneoplastic encephalitis. PET may complement conventional tools in diagnosing a subset of patients with PND.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"6 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2016-0020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36864628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}