Lung Cancer Management最新文献

{"title":"Lung cancer screening guidelines are clear but are they being followed?","authors":"Coral Olazagasti, Carolina Bernabe, Nagashree Seetharamu","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2020-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2020-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer is the second most common cause of cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death in the USA [1]. The American Cancer Society (NY, USA) estimated a total of 228,150 new cases of lung cancer with 142,670 deaths from lung cancer in the USA for 2019 [1]. Smoking is the main cause of lung cancer and contributes to 80% of lung cancer deaths in women and 90% in men [2]. Lung cancer is typically diagnosed at advanced stages and carries a high mortality rate, with a 5-year survival rate of only 18% [3]. Randomized controlled trials targeted toward lung cancer screening started in the 1970s when the US National Cancer Institute (NCI; MD, USA) sponsored several clinical trials to evaluate the benefit of adding sputum cytology to annual chest radiography (CXR) [4,5]. However, none of the trials showed a reduction in lung cancer mortality (Supplementary Table 1). Decades later, the NCI initiated the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO), a large randomized controlled trial that aimed to reduce disease-specific cancer mortality by evaluating the use of CXR for screening [6]. The study found that 2% of participants that had a positive radiographic findings were diagnosed with lung cancer within 12 months of the screen, 44% of whom were diagnosed with stage I disease [6]. Pertinent findings that paved the road for future guidelines included the discovery that high incidences of lung cancer were noted in active smokers or those that had quit within 15 years of randomization [6]. In the 2000s, prospective studies were created throughout the world to evaluate the role of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for screening. The Lung Screening Study compared LDCT and CXR as screening modalities and revealed that LDCT was twice as effective as CXR in detecting lung cancer [7]. It also showed that 48% of lung cancers detected by LDCT screening were diagnosed at stage I [7]. Inspired by the Lung Screening Study, a large scale study called the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), which enrolled 53,456 participants, was created. Participants were randomized to LDCT or CXR at a 1:1 ratio. The study demonstrated a 20% relative reduction in mortality in patients screened with LDCT compared with CXR [8]. Results from this trial were updated in 2013 and confirmed the benefit of LDCT for lung cancer screening in specific patient populations [9]. Similar results were showcased from The Dutch–Belgian Randomized Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NELSON) which began in Europe in 2003 [10]. More than 15,000 participants were enrolled and assigned to either computer tomography (CT) screening or to the control group with no screening [10]. The study reported a 41% positive predictive value with screening and 50% of the cancers diagnosed in the screening arm were found at early stages of the disease [10]. During a 10-year follow-up, there was a 26% mortality rate reduction in men and 39% in women [10]. Updated results published in the New E","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"9 4","pages":"LMT35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/3b/lmt-09-35.PMC7724650.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38709408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding sex disparities in lung cancer incidence: are women more at risk?","authors":"Meera V Ragavan, Manali I Patel","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Meera V Ragavan*,1 & Manali I Patel2,3,4 1Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305 CA 94305, USA 2Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 3Division of Oncology, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA 4Center for Health Policy/Primary Care Outcomes Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA *Author for correspondence: mragavan@stanford.edu","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"9 3","pages":"LMT34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2020-0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38245941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung cancer management challenges amidst COVID-19 pandemic: hope lives here.","authors":"Abhishek Shankar, Deepak Saini, Ruchir Bhandari, Sachidanand Jee Bharati, Sunil Kumar, Geetika Yadav, Tarun Durga, Nalin Goyal","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"10.2217/lmt-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"9 3","pages":"LMT33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1a/97/lmt-09-33.PMC7202360.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38249095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of nine key genes by bioinformatics analysis for predicting poor prognosis in smoking-induced lung adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Chuanli Ren,&nbsp;Weixiu Sun,&nbsp;Xu Lian,&nbsp;Chongxu Han","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2020-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2020-0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To screen and identify key genes related to the development of smoking-induced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>We obtained data from the GEO chip dataset GSE31210. The differentially expressed genes were screened by GEO2R. The protein interaction network of differentially expressed genes was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape. Finally, core genes were screened. The overall survival time of patients with the core genes was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes bioaccumulation was calculated by DAVID.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Functional enrichment analysis indicated that nine key genes were actively involved in the biological process of smoking-related LUAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>23 core genes and nine key genes among them were correlated with adverse prognosis of LUAD induced by smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"9 2","pages":"LMT30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2020-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37882477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pretreatment nutritional status and response to checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer.","authors":"Chung-Shien Lee,&nbsp;Craig E Devoe,&nbsp;Xinhua Zhu,&nbsp;Joanna Stein Fishbein,&nbsp;Nagashree Seetharamu","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Checkpoint inhibitors are integral to non-small-cell lung cancer treatment. Existing data suggests that nutritional status may play a role in antitumor immunity.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This retrospective study of 106 non-small-cell lung cancer patients who started checkpoint inhibitors between 2014 and 2017 at our institution assessed relationship of nutritional parameters to overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 68.7 ± 9.2 years and 59.4% patients were male. On multivariate analysis for OS, hypoalbuminemia and significant weight loss were prognostic at p-values of 0.0005 and 0.0052, respectively. We noted a parabolic association between age and OS (p = 0.026, 0.0025).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, some malnutrition parameters were associated with decreased OS. U-shape relationship between age and OS noted here warrants further evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"9 2","pages":"LMT31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2020-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37882399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for early stage large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung.","authors":"Rodney E Wegner,&nbsp;Stephen Abel,&nbsp;Athanasios Colonias","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Some patients with early stage large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung are not surgical candidates and will be managed with radiotherapy. We used the national cancer database to identify predictors of stereotactic radiotherapy and compare outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>We queried national cancer database for T1-2N0 LCNEC treated with radiation. Logistic regression and Cox regression identified predictors of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) and survival, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 754 patients, with 238 (32%) treated with SABR. Predictors of SABR were distance to facility, no chemotherapy, academic center, T1 and recent year. After propensity matching, median survival was 34.7 months compared with 23.7 months in favor of SABR (p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SABR for LCNEC has increased over time and was associated with improved survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"9 3","pages":"LMT32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2020-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38245940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welcome to Volume 9 of <i>Lung Cancer Management</i>.","authors":"Katherine Gordon","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"LMT27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2020-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37808520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switching from first or second generation EGFR-TKI to osimertinib in <i>EGFR</i> mutation-positive NSCLC.","authors":"Fumio Imamura,&nbsp;Takako Inoue,&nbsp;Kei Kunimasa,&nbsp;Aki Kubota,&nbsp;Hanako Kuhara,&nbsp;Motohiro Tamiya,&nbsp;Kazumi Nishino,&nbsp;Madoka Kimura,&nbsp;Kika Kuno,&nbsp;Hayato Kawachi,&nbsp;Toru Kumagai","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We evaluated the efficacy of a novel switch protocol for EGFR-TKIs for <i>EGFR</i> mutation-positive NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Clinical records were collected from the patients who had received one of two sequential combination strategies of EGFR-TKIs: Salvage use of osimertinib for <i>T790M</i>-mediated acquired resistance to an prior EGFR-TKI or switch use of osimertinib where an EGFR-TKI was switched to osimertinib before disease progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Progression-free survival of osimertinib and time from the start of treatment until progression to osimertinib was comparable between the salvage use and switch use of osimertinib.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Switch use of osimertinib seemed to produce improved efficacy for patients with activating <i>EGFR</i> mutations, because of the lack of patient selection via <i>T790M</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"9 2","pages":"LMT29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2020-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37882476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost analysis of the management of brain metastases in patients with advanced ALK+ NSCLC: alectinib versus crizotinib.","authors":"Dolores Isla,&nbsp;Bartomeu Massuti,&nbsp;Martín Lázaro,&nbsp;Lucía Ruiz de Alda,&nbsp;Rocio Gordo,&nbsp;Nuria Ortega-Joaquín,&nbsp;Itziar Oyagüez","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To estimate management cost of NSCLC ALK+ patients with and without brain metastasis (BM), and to compare annual costs in patients treated with alectinib or crizotinib.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Management cost/year (€ 2018) in patients with and without BM was estimated with disaggregated resource consumption provided by local oncologists, including medical visits, hospitalizations, diagnostic/laboratory tests, imaging techniques and surgical procedures. The comparison of costs/year with alectinib and crizotinib, considered the cumulative 12-month incidence of BM in ALEX trial (9.4 and 41.4%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Management cost was €6173.42/patient-year without BM and €21,637.50/patient-year with BM. With alectinib, average cost/patient was lower than crizotinib (€4948.51/patient-year).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prevention of BM with alectinib may result in reductions of cost/year in the management of advanced ALK+ NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"LMT28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2019-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37808521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of brain metastases in T1-3N0 NSCLC: a population-based analysis.","authors":"Michael T Milano,&nbsp;James E Bates,&nbsp;Justin Budnik,&nbsp;Haoming Qiu,&nbsp;Sara Hardy,&nbsp;Michael A Cummings,&nbsp;Megan A Baumgart,&nbsp;Ronald J Maggiore,&nbsp;Deborah A Mulford,&nbsp;Kenneth Y Usuki","doi":"10.2217/lmt-2019-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2019-0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Several consensus guidelines recommend against routine brain imaging at diagnosis of T1-3N0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry, patients with pathologically confirmed T1-3N0 NSCLC were identified. Risks of brain metastases at time of initial diagnosis were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients selected to not undergo primary NSCLC resection had approximately tenfold greater incidence of brain metastases versus those who did. Younger age, adenocarcinoma histology, higher tumor stage and higher histologic grade were all significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with greater likelihood of presenting with brain metastases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the morbidity and mortality of brain metastases, routine brain screening after NSCLC diagnosis (particularly adenocarcinoma) may be justifiable, though more refined cost-benefit analyses are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":43551,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"LMT25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/lmt-2019-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37808519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}