{"title":"The Influence of Axial Magnetic Centering Forces on Sleeve Bearing Induction Motors","authors":"J. Portos, S. Turner, B. Veerkamp","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2006.359697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2006.359697","url":null,"abstract":"All motor rotors have an axial position called a magnetic center, which is the location where the motor's axial magnetic forces are balanced. The magnitude of these axial magnetic forces that hold the rotor in this position can vary greatly depending on the machine size, speed, electromagnetic configuration and mechanical geometry. Very little research has focused on this phenomenon and other issues that can cause weak magnetic centers, floating magnetic centers and multiple magnetic centers. This paper presents comparisons of calculated and tested data to describe the axial magnetic forces and their effects. It also suggests methods to strengthen weak magnetic forces. This condition exists in induction motors, but is most serious in sleeve bearing configurations where mechanical rotor endplay can permit violent and damaging rotor motion when weak magnetic centers or multiple centers are present.","PeriodicalId":435177,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2007 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122113708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power System Blackouts - Minimizing Their Impact on Industrial Co-Generation Facilities","authors":"C. Mozina","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2006.359685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2006.359685","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract -Investigations of recent blackouts indicate that the root cause of almost all major power system disturbances is voltage collapse rather than the underfrequency conditions prevalent in the blackouts of the 1960s and 70s. This paper explores the nature of recent power system blackouts (2003 east coast, 1996 California and others) and explains why voltage is the leading edge indicator of impending power system collapse. The paper discusses the need to use voltage-as well as frequency-to decide when to separate from the utility system and transfer industrial system load to internal plant co-generation. Voltage relays have been used by industrial customers to determine that the utility circuit that supplies them has tripped. However, voltage relays at industrial sites have generally not been used to determine that the utility system lacks security and may collapse. This paper discusses the causes of voltage collapse as well as the design and security requirements for an undervoltage separation scheme. The paper addresses the current level of voltage load shedding on utilities' systems, NERC (North Electric Reliability Council) requirements and coordination of industrial undervoltage separation with utility undervoltage load shedding.","PeriodicalId":435177,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2007 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134027848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrosion of Electrical Conductors in Pulp and Paper Industrial Applications","authors":"B. Chudnovsky","doi":"10.1109/papcon.2007.4286304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/papcon.2007.4286304","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical equipment supplying and distributing energy is used in every pulp and paper industrial process. Many components made of various metallic and dielectric materials are vulnerable to corrosive atmosphere often present in the pulp and paper industrial facilities. Corrosion of electrical conductors may result in fast and irreversible deterioration, causing production loss and safety hazards. The paper reviews the most severe corrosion problems effecting conductivity of electrical contacts and resulting in overheating of electrical equipment used in this industry. A number of various protecting means are suggested to slow down corrosion of silver and copper, and other metals most often used in electrical equipment. The paper discusses implementation and value of various condition monitoring techniques to provide timely maintenance of electrical equipment exposed to corrosive environment in the pulp and paper facilities.","PeriodicalId":435177,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2007 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128262411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distribution Equipment Modernization to Reduce Arc Flash Hazards","authors":"W. Hopper, B.L. Etzel","doi":"10.1109/papcon.2007.4286280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/papcon.2007.4286280","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a practical approach to allow personnel safe access to switchgear while maintaining Pulp & Paper mill processes, specifically in existing electrical distribution system unit substation installations where a main breaker was not incorporated into the original design. Various component configurations were evaluated prior to a final solution being implemented. Modernization of existing equipment was determined to be the most efficient and cost effective solution allowing mill personnel to work safely on switchgear during periods of mill production.","PeriodicalId":435177,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2007 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115131371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding Power System Stability","authors":"M. Basler, R. Schaefer","doi":"10.1109/papcon.2007.4286282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/papcon.2007.4286282","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses power system instability and the importance of fast fault clearing performance to aid in reliable production of power. Explanation is provided regarding small signal stability, high impedance transmission lines, line loading, and high gain, fast acting excitation systems. Transient stability is discussed, including synchronizing and damping torques. The power angle curve is used to illustrate how fault clearing time and high initial response excitation systems can affect transient stability. The term, \"power system stability\" has become increasingly popular in generation and transmission. The sudden requirement for power system stabilizers has created confusion about their applicability, purpose, and benefit to the system. This paper discusses the fundamentals of the power system stabilizer and its effectiveness. In today's paper industry, power system stabilizers are being applied on larger machines in the Northwest United States and Canada.","PeriodicalId":435177,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2007 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132477256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lessons Learned Through Commissioning and Analyzing Data From Transformer Differential Installations - Part 2","authors":"David Costello","doi":"10.1109/papcon.2007.4286289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/papcon.2007.4286289","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring correct setting and installation of a transformer differential relay is critical. A transformer differential relay must detect internal faults, damaging overloads, and through-fault currents while remaining secure against misoperation. The ability to use wye-connected CTs with microprocessor-based relays has simplified installations, and these relays provide better commissioning tools than those available with traditional relays. However, installations and commissioning remain complicated. Installation and settings errors continue to be widespread, implying a need for more rigorous commissioning tests. Even with greater commissioning effort, occasional wiring problems develop over time, and these can best be resolved through analysis of relay event report data. In the interest of reducing transformer differential misoperations, we share in this technical paper practical lessons we have learned through experience with commissioning and relay event report analysis. In the interest of reducing transformer differential misoperations, we share in Part 1 of this technical paper a review of transformer differential basics, settings examples and concerns, and recommended commissioning practices. In Part 2 of this technical paper, we continue with practical lessons we have learned through experience with commissioning and relay event report analysis.","PeriodicalId":435177,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2007 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121178013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}