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Design and Performance of Walls with SPF SPF墙体的设计与性能
Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science Pub Date : 1998-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/109719639802100404
Mark Bomberg, J. Lstiburek
{"title":"Design and Performance of Walls with SPF","authors":"Mark Bomberg, J. Lstiburek","doi":"10.1177/109719639802100404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802100404","url":null,"abstract":"are now making the impact larger than predicted-not because of any single issue, but because of the change in the paradigm of environmental control of buildings (Chapter 8). The holistic approach (systems approach) is now finding its way from academic circles into building codes and material standards. The occupant of a building demands that indoor air be fresh, free ofpollutants, and maintained within a selected temperature range. To ensure that these requirements are fulfilled, the mechanical engineer must use controlled ventilation (with or without air conditioning systems). To this end, the whole building must be airtight and the indoor space divided into controllable compartments. As a starting point, to provide the airtightness ofthe building envelope, one may use air barrier systems. The 1995 edition of the Canadian National Building Code requires doing so.","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122617697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Material Specification—Water, Air, and Movement (WAM) Membranes 材料规格-水，空气和运动(WAM)膜
Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science Pub Date : 1998-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/109719639802100408
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引用次数: 0
Guide and Selection Criteria for SPF Used in Building Envelopes (Roofs and Walls) 用于建筑围护结构(屋顶和墙壁)的SPF指南和选择标准
Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science Pub Date : 1998-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/109719639802100409
{"title":"Guide and Selection Criteria for SPF Used in Building Envelopes (Roofs and Walls)","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/109719639802100409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802100409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114366802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Letter From the Editor 编辑来信
Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science Pub Date : 1998-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/109719639802100401
Mark Bomberg
{"title":"Letter From the Editor","authors":"Mark Bomberg","doi":"10.1177/109719639802100401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802100401","url":null,"abstract":"sues of building science, which are related to thermal performance of building envelopes. Five years ago, the Journal if Thermal Insulation added the phrase &dquo;building envelope&dquo; to stress the role of thermal insulation in the construction system. Despite the name change, this Journal remained the leading publication in the field of thermal insulation, reporting scientific advances and technical developments. The expansion of the scope helped to consolidate the vision and improve the Journal’s profile. The construction industry undergoes slow but continuous change. Stress is placed on quantifying performance of the whole building system, rather than on that of individual products and components. Objective-based codes and performance-oriented standards are more commonly used. A cost benefit analysis replaces many of the prescriptive recommendations. In this situation, one may argue that expanding the scope of the Journal to:","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121780121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Field Applied Polyurethane Foam in Building Envelopes: The Systems Approach to Buildings 聚氨酯泡沫在建筑围护结构中的应用:建筑系统方法
Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science Pub Date : 1998-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/109719639802100402
{"title":"Field Applied Polyurethane Foam in Building Envelopes: The Systems Approach to Buildings","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/109719639802100402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802100402","url":null,"abstract":"energy was inexpensive. Our approach to environmental control of buildings has changed since that time. Increased tightness of building envelopes, controlled ventilation and air conditioning systems are relatively recent changes in the bmlding technology. Recent trends to thicker thermal insulation in cold climates caused the primary exhaust device, the chimney flue, to be used less frequently. 52 The trend towards using electric heating, heat pumps, and power-vented sealed combustion furnaces has further eroded the role of a traditional active chimney. Chimney flues acted as exhaust fans, which extracted great quantities of air from the conditioned space, reducing the moisture load acting on the building envelope. Less efficient chimney flues increased the indoor air humidity, increasing frequency of vapor condensation on surfaces of windows or thermal bridges. More recently, the significance of this issue was reinforced by in-","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"165 S348","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132905321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Material Specification—SPF for New and Remedial Roofs 材料规范-新屋顶和修补屋顶的spf值
Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science Pub Date : 1998-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/109719639802100406
{"title":"Material Specification—SPF for New and Remedial Roofs","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/109719639802100406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802100406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125096703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Material Specification—Bead—Applied Sealing Foams (BSF) 材料规格-珠状密封泡沫(BSF)
Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science Pub Date : 1998-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/109719639802100407
{"title":"Material Specification—Bead—Applied Sealing Foams (BSF)","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/109719639802100407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802100407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125664765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Field Applied Spray Polyurethane Foam in Building Envelopes: Performance Evaluation of System Components 喷涂聚氨酯泡沫在建筑围护结构中的应用:系统组件的性能评价
Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/109719639802100302
{"title":"Field Applied Spray Polyurethane Foam in Building Envelopes: Performance Evaluation of System Components","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/109719639802100302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802100302","url":null,"abstract":"SPF as a category comprises either closed-cell or open-cell structures with densities ranging from 8 to 65 kg/m3 (0.5 to 4 lb/ft3). While the foam density cannot be used as the criterion of foam performance, the core density is extensively used in quality assurance programs. In a typical two-component foam fabrication, two transfer pumps deliver components A and B to the proportioning unit. Then, a heated dual-hose carries each ofthe components to the mixing gun. As a rule,A and B components are delivered to the spray gun in a one-to-one ratio. Compressed air is also delivered to the mixing chamber, though via a separate, unheated hose. Air is used to increase the mixing turbulence in the gun, assist in expulsion from the gun and direct the polymeric mixture to the substrate. Depending on the reactivity of the polymeric mixture and the delivery mechanism, SPF may be recognized as:","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115505051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Quality Management in Construction Process 施工过程质量管理
Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/109719639802100306
Mark Bomberg, J. Lstiburek
{"title":"Quality Management in Construction Process","authors":"Mark Bomberg, J. Lstiburek","doi":"10.1177/109719639802100306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802100306","url":null,"abstract":"NDUSTRY WIDE QUALITY MANAGEMENT is recommended for all SPF systems used in construction. It means that all elements in the process design, fabrication, and field performance monitoring should follow a coherent and documented approach. Such an approach is needed since analysis (Lstiburek and Bomberg,1996) showed that the design of building envelopes for environmental control requires a number ofiterations. Each material must be ex-","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115380898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Factors Affecting the Field Performance of SPF 影响SPF田间性能的因素
Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/109719639802100303
{"title":"Factors Affecting the Field Performance of SPF","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/109719639802100303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802100303","url":null,"abstract":"The aging process can be explained using the distributed parameters continuum (DIPAC) model developed and verified experimentally by the National Research Council of Canada (Bomberg and Kumaran, 1995). The DIPAC model illustrates the relative significance of different aging mechanisms. Figure 3 shows thermal resistivity (inverse of thermal conductivity coefficient) versus aging time. Four curves are shown in Figure 3. Curve 1 shows the aging of a 25 mm(1 inch) thick SPF specimen, fully encapsulated on all sides. The encapsulation prevents entry of air into the foam, but has no effect on the redistribution of the BA (BA) within the encapsulated foam. Part ofthe BA enters and saturates the polymer matrix, reducing the concentration of the BA in cell gas. This, however, does not change the thermal performance of the fully encapsulated specimen. The thermal conductivity of the cell gas does not depend on the pressure of the gas [as long as the gas pressure does not fall below 0.01 atmosphere (Tsederberg, 1965)]. The thermal conductivity (k-factor) does not change as long as air has not entered the cells of the foam, despite the change in pressure caused by the cell gas redistribution. For example, foams with impermeable sheet metal facings demonstrate high thermal performance for extended periods (Baumann, 1982). This is true even if the thermal efficiency of the BA is low, e.g., carbon dioxide. Curve 2 shown in Figure 3 relates to the hypothetical aging of the same specimen when only air is allowed to enter the foam. In this computer simulation, the BA redistribution is eliminated by using zero values for the effective diffusion and solubility coefficients of the BA; the effective diffu-","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129529421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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