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Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum, Vinblastine, and Bleomycin Combination Chemotherapy in Disseminated Testicular Cancer 顺式二胺二氯铂、长春碱和博来霉素联合化疗治疗弥散性睾丸癌
50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0030
M. Risk
{"title":"Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum, Vinblastine, and Bleomycin Combination Chemotherapy in Disseminated Testicular Cancer","authors":"M. Risk","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0030","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews a pivotal, single-armed observational study of consecutive patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumor treated with a combination of bleomycin, vinblastine, and cisplatin. This study established that cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy resulted in a much better prognosis in patients with metastatic testicular cancer than historically observed with any other treatment and also resulted in high response rates.","PeriodicalId":435097,"journal":{"name":"50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127908445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux 膀胱输尿管反流儿童的抗菌预防
50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0045
P. Dahm, Jane M. Lewis
{"title":"Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux","authors":"P. Dahm, Jane M. Lewis","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0045","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter summarizes the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) trial, a landmark trial that randomized children with vesicoureteral reflux diagnosed after a first or second febrile or symptomatic urinary tract infection to receive trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis versus placebo. It found that antibiotic prophylaxis reduced the incidence of recurrent febrile or symptomatic urinary tract infection but had little effect on renal scarring. Recurrent febrile or symptomatic urinary tract infections resistant pathogens were increased. This study provides the underpinning for guidelines that advocate for low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for the first year of life; however, this remains an area of considerable controversy.","PeriodicalId":435097,"journal":{"name":"50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121898946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Burch Colposuspension Versus Fascial Sling to Reduce Urinary Stress Incontinence 伯奇阴道悬吊与筋膜悬吊减少尿压力性失禁
50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1056/nejmx070036
C. Dixon, Giulia I. Lane, Cynthia Fok, M. Moy
{"title":"Burch Colposuspension Versus Fascial Sling to Reduce Urinary Stress Incontinence","authors":"C. Dixon, Giulia I. Lane, Cynthia Fok, M. Moy","doi":"10.1056/nejmx070036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmx070036","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter summarizes the results of the Stress Incontinence Surgical Treatment Efficacy (SISTEr) trial, which randomized women with stress urinary incontinence to an autologous sling procedure versus a Burch colposuspension. Overall treatment success favored the fascial sling over the Burch procedure group, as did the stress incontinence–specific success rate at 24 months. Postoperative voiding dysfunction and urge incontinence were more common in the sling group than the Burch group. These findings supported the historical shift toward slings (autologous and synthetic) versus Burch colposuspension procedures in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":435097,"journal":{"name":"50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131073207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Docetaxel Plus Prednisone or Mitoxantrone Plus Prednisone for Advanced Prostate Cancer 多西紫杉醇加强的松或米托蒽醌加强的松治疗晚期前列腺癌
50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0015
J. Zabell
{"title":"Docetaxel Plus Prednisone or Mitoxantrone Plus Prednisone for Advanced Prostate Cancer","authors":"J. Zabell","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter summarizes the findings of landmark TAX 327 trial in men with castrate-refractory prostate cancer who received either docetaxel (weekly or every 3 weeks) or mitoxantrone (every 3 weeks). The study found improved overall survival, better quality of life, and similar side effects in men treated with docetaxel.","PeriodicalId":435097,"journal":{"name":"50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121498352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
A Midurethral Sling to Reduce Incontinence After Vaginal Prolapse Repair 阴道脱垂修复后尿道中吊带减少尿失禁
50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0040
Giulia I. Lane, C. Dixon, M. Moy, Cynthia Fok
{"title":"A Midurethral Sling to Reduce Incontinence After Vaginal Prolapse Repair","authors":"Giulia I. Lane, C. Dixon, M. Moy, Cynthia Fok","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0040","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter summarizes the results of the Outcomes Following Vaginal Prolapse Repair and Midurethral Sling (OPUS) trial, in which women without stress urinary incontinence undergoing prolapse surgery were randomized to a midurethral sling or no concomitant midurethral sling. The OPUS trial found that women randomized to undergo prophylactic concomitant midurethral sling at the time of transvaginal repair for pelvic organ prolapse had lower rates of urinary incontinence at 3 and 12 months but also experienced higher rates of adverse events such as bladder perforation, major bleeding, and urinary tract infections.","PeriodicalId":435097,"journal":{"name":"50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know","volume":"57 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131995666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Retropubic Versus Transobturator Midurethral Slings for Stress Incontinence 耻骨后与经闭锁中尿道吊带治疗压力性尿失禁
50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0039
Giulia I. Lane, C. Dixon, M. Moy, Cynthia Fok
{"title":"Retropubic Versus Transobturator Midurethral Slings for Stress Incontinence","authors":"Giulia I. Lane, C. Dixon, M. Moy, Cynthia Fok","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0039","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter summarizes the results of the Trial of Mid Urethral Slings (TOMUS), in which women with stress urinary incontinence were randomized to a retropubic midurethral sling versus a transobturator sling. Bladder perforations and voiding dysfunction occurred only in the retropubic sling group; neurologic symptoms (weakness and numbness) were significantly more common in the transobturator group. Both objective and subjective measures of treatment success at 12 months were similar. Based on this and subsequent studies, retropubic and transobturator midurethral sling approaches appear to have similar outcomes at 12 months for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. However, the approaches differ in their adverse-event profiles.","PeriodicalId":435097,"journal":{"name":"50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131243445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Enzalutamide in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Before Chemotherapy 恩杂鲁胺在化疗前转移性前列腺癌中的作用
50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0018
J. Zabell
{"title":"Enzalutamide in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Before Chemotherapy","authors":"J. Zabell","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0018","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter summarizes the findings of the landmark PREVAIL trial conducted in men with castrate-resistant prostate cancer who had received prior chemotherapy comparing enzalutamide to placebo. It demonstrated improved overall survival, radiographic progression-free survival, and time to cytotoxic chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":435097,"journal":{"name":"50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114349337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Early Detection of Prostate Cancer 前列腺癌的早期发现
50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0001
P. Dahm
{"title":"Early Detection of Prostate Cancer","authors":"P. Dahm","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the design, main findings, relevance, and limitations of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC), which compared screening based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to no screening. ERSPC indicated that screened patients may derive a small survival benefit in terms of prostate cancer–specific mortality but not all-cause mortality. Such a benefit is most likely realized in men with an extended life expectancy of 15 years or greater. The potential harms of PSA-based prostate cancer screening include a high rate of false-positive tests, biopsy-related complications, the unnecessary diagnosis of low-risk prostate cancer unlikely to affect a man during his lifetime (overdiagnosis) in some, and treatment sequelae both in men who may benefit from treatment and those who will not (overtreatment).","PeriodicalId":435097,"journal":{"name":"50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127762952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
First Clinical Experience With Extracorporeally Induced Destruction of Kidney Stones by Shock Waves 体外冲击波致肾结石破坏的首次临床经验
50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0034
Michael Borofsky, V. Bird
{"title":"First Clinical Experience With Extracorporeally Induced Destruction of Kidney Stones by Shock Waves","authors":"Michael Borofsky, V. Bird","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0034","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the findings of the initial case series of patients with renal stones treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with 12 months of follow-up. In the majority of patients, the renal stones were broken up into fragments that could pass spontaneously, and only a few patients required surgical interventions. Renal function did not appear adversely impacted by the procedure.","PeriodicalId":435097,"journal":{"name":"50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know","volume":"369 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122343695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oral Sildenafil in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction 口服西地那非治疗勃起功能障碍
50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0043
J. Bodie
{"title":"Oral Sildenafil in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction","authors":"J. Bodie","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190655341.003.0043","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter summarizes the results of a landmark trial comparing different doses of oral sildenafil versus placebo to treat erectile dysfunction. Patients received either an identical placebo or 25- mg, 50-mg, or 100-mg tablets of sildenafil to be taken approximately one hour before planned sexual activity (but not more than once daily) for 24 weeks. Higher doses of sildenafil resulted in higher mean score for frequency of penetration and maintenance of erection, which were also consistently better than placebo. The most common side effects were headaches, flushing, dyspepsia, rhinitis, and visual disturbances. This study established sildenafil as an effective, reasonably well-tolerated treatment for men with erectile dysfunction of varying etiologies.","PeriodicalId":435097,"journal":{"name":"50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132436344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 148
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