Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Management of risky adolescent sexual behaviour in rural secondary schools in Zimbabwe","authors":"P. Sibanda","doi":"10.14196/SJPAS.V7I5.2541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJPAS.V7I5.2541","url":null,"abstract":"The study was aimed at examining methods and strategies used by rural secondary schools of Zimbabwe in managing risky adolescent sexual behaviour with the view of recommending more protective practices and improving on the existing ones. Literature is replete with cases of high incidences of risky adolescent sexual behaviours in schools in various countries and the need for methods for managing them thereof. The study utilized a mixed methods sequential explanatory research design with 200 teachers chosen using cluster sampling for the quantitative phase and 10 teachers purposively sampled for the qualitative phase of the study. The results of the study indicated that the most common risky adolescent sexual behaviours included premarital and unprotected sex, dating older partners and having multiple partners. Prostitution was also found to be causing concern, although it was not widespread. Corporal punishment was found to be the most dominant method used for managing risky adolescent sexual behaviour, although protective methods such as counselling, information dissemination, parental engagement and social academic supports were also used. Of note was that the positive or protective methods lacked precision in their practice. The schools had also to some extent established programmes such as Scripture Union (SU), Career Guidance and Counselling Clubs (CGCCs) and Sex Education programmes as means of combating risky sexual behaviour among adolescent students. They also used resource persons. However, these programmes were not well established and properly utilized. From the results, the study concluded that management of risky adolescent sexual behaviour in rural secondary schools of Zimbabwe was not premised on theoretically sound methods and programmes and was therefore bound to be ineffective. The study also concluded that girls were more predisposed to risky adolescent sexual behaviour than boys. The study then recommended in favour of training and awareness workshops as well as gender mainstreaming towards capacitating teachers in rural schools with skills and strategies for protective management of risky adolescent sexual behaviour.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125497079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to write a proper HSE management system policy","authors":"Soheil Abbasi, Payam Khourdustan, Rasoul Sayyadi, Siavash Vahabzadeh, Seyed Shamseddin Alizadeh","doi":"10.14196/sjpas.v7i5.2527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjpas.v7i5.2527","url":null,"abstract":"Health, safety and environmental management system (HSE.MS) policies plays an important role in implementation of HSE factors in industrial fields and helps to reduce accident, injuries and hurt to environment. One of the key elements of HSE.MS is policy that is drafted and implemented in organizations. The purpose of this study is to provide an appropriate template for policy writing. At first, the HSE policies of many organizations were examined. Then these policies were classified according to missions, visions, and goals/commitments. The total of the collected policies was 190. Finally, according to these classifying, we proposed a proper HSE management system policy template. The proposed template helps managers of various organizations to write a proper HSE policy.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122744400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield loss of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) due to chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) in Sinana, Southeastern Oromia","authors":"Dagne Kora, Ermias Teshome","doi":"10.14196/SJPAS.V7I3.2512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJPAS.V7I3.2512","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiment was conducted at Sinana Agricultural Research Center in the 2014 main cropping season with the objective to assess yield losses caused by chocolate spot ( Botrytis fabae ) of faba bean varieties. The highest number of days to physiological maturity was recorded on the variety Shalo (141.6 days) and lowest in the variety Mosisa (138.5 days). The maximum biomass on hectare basis (6.6t/ha) was obtained from plot sprayed at weekly interval. The maximum relative grain yield loss were recorded from the varieties of Mosisa and local, 47.8% and 46.7% on unsprayed plots, respectively. Losses in hundred seed weight greater on the variety local than others, this variety had maximum hundreds seed weight loss of 16% when it was protected against the diseases. The local variety shows the maximum biomass loss compared to other varieties under unsprayed plots. This variety has a biomass loss of 33% under unsprayed plots. The highest marginal benefit (32022.9 ETB/ha) was obtained from variety Mosisa sprayed at weekly intervals and highest (233.7 ETB) marginal rate of return was obtained also from this variety when treated at weekly intervals.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"600 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116303588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The degradation of the Afrocentric counselling perspective as a function of the perpetuations of engendered Eurocentric hegemonic practices in Zimbabwe","authors":"P. Sibanda, A. Hlongwane","doi":"10.14196/SJPAS.V7I3.2502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJPAS.V7I3.2502","url":null,"abstract":"Africa as a whole, Zimbabwe included, has not remained static since colonisation by the west who pretended to be on a civilizing mission in terms of culture, norms and lifestyle yet they had an agenda punctuated by supremacy ideologies. The perpetuation of Eurocentric ideologies has left a trail of extreme distortion of most, if not all, the cultural values of the African people to the advantage of the west. This has left Africa confused and uncertain culturally, philosophically and religiously as to which counselling perspective to follow between the Afrocentric and Eurocentric perspective. Thus the invasion and colonisation of Africa has polarised even the counselling systems employed by its people leaving them distorted and in a state of confusion. The effects of this colonisation and invasion have permeated the Afrocentric perspectives and approaches to counselling to the extent of undermining the cultural and spiritual significances in these regards. This paper interrogates the degradation of the Afrocentric counselling perspective as a function of the hegemonic perpetuations of Eurocentric counselling systems with a special focus on Zimbabwe. The paper traces how the supremacy agenda of the west has permeated the counselling domain and, like in the case of missionary religion, used as an excuse to exterminate the traditional forms of counselling in the name of formality and professionalism. The value of Afrocentric counselling is overwhelmingly exposed in the paper and as a way forward the paper admits to the fact of globalisation and plurality of culture and therefore concludes in favour of the multicultural perspective to counselling which is hitherto not biased toward Euro centrism.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124824753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality characteristics of rainwater around an industrial area in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"D. F. Ogeleka, Ogechi Okokon-Ndem Nmai, O. Edjere, A. Nwudu, F. Okieimen","doi":"10.14196/sjpas.v7i3.2437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjpas.v7i3.2437","url":null,"abstract":"Petroleum crude oil refining to generate useful products releases noxious gases such as sulphur (IV) oxide, nitrogen (IV) oxide and carbon (IV) oxide, which dissolve in rainwater to form acid rain. This research was to ascertain the impact of the refining process on the rainwater quality in a peri-urban area where residents depend on precipitation for domestic use, including cooking. Rainwater samples were collected from some locations in close proximity to a refinery in Warri and characterized in terms of physico-chemical parameters, and heavy metals proximal contents using methods recommended by America Public Health Association. For the period under study, results revealed that pH was relatively low in all the rainwater samples. Mean pH values obtained ranged from 4.20 ± 0.17 to 6.24 ± 0.04. Turbidity values ranged between 2.00 ± 0.20 NTU and 12.5 ± 0.83 NTU. Although the levels of heavy metals notably, lead, copper, cadmium and zinc were low, total iron was slightly significant in some samples. Water with low pH values and high heavy metal concentrations could adversely affect water bodies, aquatic life, soils, plants and cause lots of aesthetic damage to structures. Similarly, possible percolations into underground water aquifers can affect humans that use such water, including rainwater for most domestic uses.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134474848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situation analysis of the early childhood development (ECD) programme in rural primary schools in Zimbabwe","authors":"P. Sibanda","doi":"10.14196/SJPAS.V7I3.2522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJPAS.V7I3.2522","url":null,"abstract":"Early childhood development (ECD) programmes the world over have been found to be central in the successful holistic development and positive future socioeconomic outcomes for young children. In Africa in general and in Sub-Saharan Africa in particular, these programmes have been punctuated by overwhelming challenges related to poor funding and paucity of resources as well as vague policy models. The purpose of this study was to undertake a situation analysis of the ECD programme in rural primary schools in Zimbabwe. The study, which was premised on the positivist philosophy was therefore quantitative and utilized the descriptive survey design. A sample of 100 teachers was generated across 10 districts in 5 of the rural provinces of Zimbabwe using two stage sampling comprising purposive and randomization strategies in that order. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit data and was in certain instances, triangulated with observation. The study revealed that there was either constrained or total lack of funding of the ECD programme in rural schools in Zimbabwe, lack of government support and that the programme was not overly accessible to all children more so to those with disabilities. Meanwhile, policy guidelines were either unavailable in the rural primary schools or not religiously adhered to. The study then concluded that the ECD programme in rural primary schools in Zimbabwe was greatly compromised casting doubt on its quality and effectiveness. It was also concluded that the programme might have excluded many poor and disabled children in rural settings. On these bases the study recommended increased funding, resourcing and capacity building and advocated for policy review to ensure accommodation of the needs of children with disabilities and adoption of firmer enforcement procedures. In the ultimate, the study recommended further studies of national dimension, which should target mostly at rural settings.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"74 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132983067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) yield loss due to weed in Sinana, highland condition of Bale, South Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"T. Meleta, R. Dargie, K. Wakweya","doi":"10.14196/SJPAS.V7I1.2504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJPAS.V7I1.2504","url":null,"abstract":"Weed plays an important role in important role in proper stand establishment of the growing crops, which finally hinder productivity and quality of the crop . Field experimental was conducted at Sinana Agricultural Research Center on station during 2013-2015 growing season to determine optimum weeding frequency for weed management in linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.). Weeding treatments consisted of five levels weedy check (no weeding), weeding at 30-35 days after emergency, weeding at 55-60 days after emergency, weeding at 30-35 and 55-60 days after emergency and total weed free . The results indicated that effects of weeding frequency observed on all yield parameter showed that the importance of weeding frequency for linseed growth, yield and yield component. However, significant (P≤0.05) effect of weeding frequency was not observed in the case of flowering date and plant height. The maximum seed yield was recorded from weed free plot (1808.35kg/ha) and weeding two times (30-35 and 55-60 days after crop emergence) (1621.58kg/ha) respectively. Weed significantly reduces the vegetative growth and productivity parameter of the crop. In this field trail 24.6% yield loss was observed in linseed when weeds are allowed to grow for the whole season. Weeding twice at 30-35 and 55-60 days after emergence was optimal for growth, yield and yield component of linseed. The major weed identified during the experimental conducted in the experimental site were Cyperus esculantus, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus spp. Guizotia scabra, Bromus pectinatus and Commelina benghlensisa.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120947891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposition of the constituents of a disharmonious learning situation within an orthodidactic context","authors":"P. Sibanda","doi":"10.14196/SJPAS.V7I1.2484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJPAS.V7I1.2484","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review was to examine the constituents of a disharmonious learning situation in the context of orthodidactic practice with a view of demonstrating how each one effectively contributes to a disharmonious learning environment. The motivation behind this thrust was that future reviews or research will focus on how these constituents can be best managed. The review established six main constituents namely disharmonious pedagogical relationship, incorrectly anticipated lesson plans, inadequate actualisation of cognitive potentialities, deficient learning effect, lived experience of being different and affective distress. A literature review exposed that these are intractably related to the manifestations of learning difficulties. As such the ensuing literature analysis revealed that the constituents of a disharmonious learning situation, in effect, present themselves as a result of lack of synchrony between and among the essences of the lesson structure coupled with the dynamics of the social interrelationships that characterize the teaching/ learning environment. From the analysis, it was concluded that the constituents of a disharmonious learning situation are at the core of the pedagogy of learning difficulties and therefore are the central focus of orthodidactics as a science of helping a child in distress. The constituents further suggest that a disharmonious learning situation is not only about the child needing help but also about a need to capacitate the teacher to be able to offer effective help to the child in distress.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125782090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relevance of teacher education in sustaining research in mathematics, science and technology education (MSTE) in Zimbabwe","authors":"P. Sibanda, L. Moyo","doi":"10.14196/sjpas.v7i1.2482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjpas.v7i1.2482","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the Zimbabwean education system is placing re-emphasis on MSTE but with no resounding success due to a number of challenges. Of most concern to this research are teacher education and skilful teaching challenges hindering MSTE sustainability. The research focused on the role that could be played by teacher education in resuscitating and sustaining MSTE. In reality, the efficiency of an MSTE system depends on teacher quality and skilful teaching. Inseparable from quality teaching is the role played by teacher education in producing a reflective MSTE agent. This study took the form of a qualitative research design. Constant comparative analysis method of published documentary sources from libraries and the internet selected through purposive maximum variation sampling were used to gather data. Data collection and analysis took place simultaneously. Data were presented thematically. The study revealed that sustainability of MSTE is hindered by teacher training institutions which have failed to produce versatile MSTE competent teacher. This was coupled with lack of adequate human and material resources, poor teaching methods, and lack of continuous research in pedagogies and application of theory into practice. Recommendations to improve teacher education to become relevant in its production of quality teachers were made.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134015282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consideration of organochlorine pesticide levels in water, sediment and fish from Ethiope River at Sapele, Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Edjere, D. F. Ogeleka, F. Okieimen, J. Ukpebor","doi":"10.14196/sjpas.v7i1.2457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjpas.v7i1.2457","url":null,"abstract":"Water, sediment and fish samples from the Ethiope River at Sapele in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria were collected and analyzed for organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) with the aim of ascertaining the level of concentration and distribution of the organochlorine content for the purpose of safe guarding organisms in these matrices. Samples from the three matrices: water, sediment, fish ( T. Zilli ) were collected in December (dry season) and July (rainy season). 26 OCPs was set out to be investigated, but only 21 was detected. Results from this study revealed the presence of 21 organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) of varying concentrations across the three matrices in Ethiope River. The hazard quotient (HQ) values for all studied site were all between 1 and 10 (1.66, 1.84), this was indicative of moderate hazard contamination; however, that of the bioaccumulation index (BI) for the fish were all greater than 1 (72.426 and 144.996) for rainy and dry season respectively. The distribution of organochlorine pesticides could be associated with land-use practices including agriculture and urbanization. The results suggest the need for sustained monitoring of importation, distribution, usage and disposal of OCPs.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126827182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}