Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Systematic crossbreeding and its impact on carcass parameters and associated meat quality properties in goats and sheep","authors":"N. Assan","doi":"10.14196/SJZ.V9I1.2649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJZ.V9I1.2649","url":null,"abstract":"The major focus of any commercial goat and sheep enterprise is to maximize on carcass and meat production and obviously realizing substantial gain in profits.  In modern goat and sheep meat production, crossbreeding has become an admissible and accelerated strategy to produce carcasses that ensure the point of departure for leaner meat, in addition to consumer acceptable carcass properties.  I has become a norm that genetic manipulation for desired carcass and meat quality in small ruminants can be achieved through crossbreeding. There is considerable individual, maternal and paternal heteroses for carcass and meat quality properties in goat/ sheep crosses. In this regard, crossing of genetic distant goat/sheep breeds fortifies the degree of manifestation of carcass and meat quality performance results. In practice noticeable commercial gains have been achieved in improving carcass and meat quality properties through crossing indigenous and exotic goats’/sheep breeds, especially in low input production systems. It should be noted that the inconsistency on end results on the impact of crossbreeding on carcass and meat quality parameters is due to various non-genetic factors that are experienced in different production systems.  Carcass and meat value is influenced by a significant number of different factors where the uttermost importance are genotype, nutrition, sex, age and weight at slaughter and management. In this case, comparability of results of crossbreeding on carcass and meat quality performance in different production systems have been debatable and complicated, due to the fact that in certain cases crossbred animals are slaughtered at the same age and varied sex, and/or different age and same sex, possibly differing in weight at slaughter. The differentiated nutritional management in extensive versus intensive production systems is critical in determining the quality carcass and/or meat in crossbred goat and sheep. Consumers have been the major prescribers of the intended form of carcass and meat quality proponents’ world over, especially in developed countries. In this regard crossbreeding has been strategically used to customise meat production to the needs of various production systems, in terms of carcass and meat attributes seem acceptable by different host markets and consumers’ expectations. However, it has been acknowledged that not necessarily every crossing is adapted for breeding to guarantee comparable desired carcass and meat quality parameters, hence different combination of two-breed and to a lesser extent three-breed crossing of selected populations of goats and sheep have been used to carter for the needs of different production systems and markets.  Against this background, the application of any systematic crossbreeding strategy should take into account the appropriate breed combination by selecting right population to fulfill efficient goat/sheep meat production. Crossbreeding capitalize on genetic distance through u","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125682334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investment in early childhood development: Strong foundations for higher education in Tanzania and Zimbabwe","authors":"W. Majani, Patrick Makokoro","doi":"10.14196/SJPAS.V9I1.2619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJPAS.V9I1.2619","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we argue why higher education should be concerned with early childhood development (ECD) and demonstrate how investment in ECD can form a strong foundation for more children pursuing higher education. On the other hand, we substantiate how higher education can be inferred to create, plan and design relevant curricula and programs that support early childhood development policy and practice in Tanzania and Zimbabwe. It is undeniable that planned well ECD and higher education influence one another. Implying that while early ECD forms a strong basis for higher education, higher education can influence the planning and designing of relevant curricula and learning activities that suit early childhood education. In other words, we see higher education as an important ECD partner in designing and delivering contextually relevant early childhood education services and programs in Tanzania and Zimbabwe.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130624216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of quality assurance testing of malaria rapid diagnostic test in the case management of malaria","authors":"C. Okangba","doi":"10.14196/SJPAS.V8I5.2597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJPAS.V8I5.2597","url":null,"abstract":"Prompt and rapid diagnosis of malaria has gained importance in health programmes in endemic countries, and recognition of the importance of early, correct treatment to the reduction in malaria morbidity and mortality. Blood-based diagnosis using lateral-flow immunochromatographic tests, commonly called rapid diagnostics tests (RDTs), offer great promise in extending rapid diagnosis to areas where traditional microscopy is not accessible. Large-scale operational use has raised questions about the accuracy of current RDT technology in tropical conditions. As utilization of RDTs has increased rapidly in the last few years, there is a clear and urgent need to address issues on quality performance and appropriateness of use, particularly in remote endemic areas. The need for Quality Assurance (QA) systems to maintain the quality of microscopy diagnosis of malaria is well established but the extent of implementation varies widely. Quality assurance process must become an integral part of RDT budgets, procurement and implementation plans. Responsibility for overseeing QA processes, extending from post purchase testing of RDTs to training and supervision of users and control of storage and transport, should be clearly defined and coordinated from a central level. A system of regional and referral laboratories, based on standard operating procedures would test RDTs after purchase and for the duration of shelf-life using quality control (QC) panels prepared from wild-type parasites. The use of positive control wells (PCW) containing recombinant antigens would assist in assuring the performance of RDTs in the field and this would assist in the parasite-base confirmation and in the case management of malaria. Quality assurance processes must be transparent, and good communication with manufacturers and end-users during QA development is necessary.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129238695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasite-based confirmation of malaria with rapid diagnostic tests: Challenges and Advantages","authors":"C. Okangba","doi":"10.14196/SJPAS.V8I3.2575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJPAS.V8I3.2575","url":null,"abstract":"The key to effective case management of malaria is prompt and accurate diagnosis of malaria which is necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality. Accurate and practical malaria diagnostic such as immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test can avert unnecessary treatments and save lives. Malaria presents a diagnostic challenge in most tropical countries. The urgency and importance of obtaining results quickly from the examination of blood samples from patient with suspected malaria is possible with the introduction of rapid malaria diagnostic test. Rapid diagnostic tests are useful in guiding therapeutic intervention, can be accessible to rural and urban populations, easy to perform and to interpret, affordable, requires no sophicated equipment and prompt treatment of malaria. The use of rapid diagnostic test in the case management of malaria has a lot of challenges which includes: persistent of histidine rich protein 2 in circulation after therapy and parasite death, effect of genetic diversity, lack of quality control on microscopy examination, poor transportation and storage condition, poor regulatory mechanism, lot-to-lot variation, parasite density and lack of extensive training prior to the use of rapid diagnostic test and supervision.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121553471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing advocacy through national early childhood development networks","authors":"Patrick Makokoro","doi":"10.14196/SJPAS.V8I1.2592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJPAS.V8I1.2592","url":null,"abstract":"While much has been done to address the situation of children around the world, much more needs to be done to ensure that the rights of all children are protected and that they are able to live up to their full potential. More needs to be done specifically to address the low funding and resource allocation to Early Childhood Development (ECD), slow implementation of polices, limited access to services particularly by the poor and vulnerable, variability in the quality of services as well as the lack of coordination amongst service providers in different sectors. As more country early childhood development networks emerge, it is important to look at the role advocacy networks play in ensuring that children are supported through holistic efforts that meet their health, nutrition, educational and cognitive developmental needs. This paper takes a case study approach looking at the impact of Advocacy Networks and the role played by the Zimbabwe Network of Early Childhood Development Actors in addressing early childhood development policy gaps and membership challenges in Zimbabwe.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125763589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The science and practice of parenting: Implications for peace building","authors":"P. Sibanda, M. Moyo","doi":"10.14196/sjpas.v7i7.2533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjpas.v7i7.2533","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the science and practice of parenting. It unravels the system and process of parenting through exploration of various theories and strategies that are involved in the definition of ideal parenting. The article explores how parenting can either contribute to peace building or to violent behaviour in later life. The article critically considers the theories of parenting, which include the attachment and the social learning theories. In that context, various parenting styles are examined to establish best practices of parenting. Ideal parenting is perceived as one of the strategic factors in minimizing or promoting the prevalence of violence in community settings. This article implores how imperative it is for communities to deliberately invest in the natural and strategic institution of family by empowering contemporary parents and young people who are future parents in the science and practice of parenting. This leads to the conclusion that if the parenting processes are by and large positive, then they will automatically lead to a healthy living of the child in his or her later adult life. Such would manifest in a non-violent peace loving personality as a function of good, positive parenting. On the contrary, negative parenting is the major source of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) which can be a barrier to peace building initiatives. In the ultimate, the article recommends the adoption of a holistic approach to parenting, that is, the merging of multiple theoretical approaches and practices. This recommendation is premised on the hypothetical notion that the ideal parenting style is one which draws from the various styles and theoretical models utilising the strengths of each as a way of coming up with the ideal strategy. It is further recommended therefore that for parenting to be improved, it is important that a special academic discipline on parenting is created.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128722729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the implementation of inclusive education in Zimbabwe: challenges and opportunities","authors":"P. Sibanda","doi":"10.14196/SJPAS.V7I9.2554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJPAS.V7I9.2554","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review was to, using literature, examine the various challenges faced in the implementation of inclusive education in Zimbabwe. Existing opportunities for the implementation of inclusive education were also explored. Literature indicates that challenges of implementing inclusive are more visible in sub-Saharan Africa than in the other parts of the world. The main challenges that were identified during review and synthesis of literature as affecting Zimbabwe in particular included lack of resources, inaccessibility of schools, ambiguity or complete lack of policies and laws, structural barriers, cultural stereotypes and negative attitudes, lack of political will, low teacher-pupil ratio, curriculum inaccessibility and research concerns. It also emerged from the review that opportunities such as the vast interest the government of Zimbabwe has invested in general education since 1980 which has culminated in the construction of several mainstream schools and training of specialist and special education teachers can be exploited for full inclusion of learners with disabilities. From the information gathered, the review concluded that the major causes of the many challenges affecting Zimbabwe are lack of political will, unclear policies and lack of funding. Meanwhile, the existing opportunities were seen to have potential for the successful implementation of inclusive education in Zimbabwe. On these bases, the review recommended mainly raising awareness among educational stakeholders, standardization of training, policy review, improved funding and restructuring of the implementation strategy.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122682044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of the benefits of sign bilingual education in the education of deaf children in Zimbabwe","authors":"P. Sibanda","doi":"10.14196/SJPAS.V7I11.2556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJPAS.V7I11.2556","url":null,"abstract":"The study sought to interrogate the extent administrators, teachers and deaf children in the few mainstream schools that used sign bilingual education in Zimbabwe were aware of the benefits of sign bilingual education. The study adopted the mixed methods approach which is grounded in the philosophy of pragmatism. Employing the sequential explanatory design, the study involved 100 teachers, 30 administrators and 30 deaf children from schools that used sign bilingual education from the Bulawayo Metropolitan Province for the quantitative phase. One administrator and 6 teachers per school were engaged in the qualitative phase. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data while personal face-to-face and focus group interviews (FGIs) were used to collect qualitative data. The integrated results of the study indicated evidence of awareness of the benefits of sign bilingual education in the education of deaf children in inclusive mainstream schools in Zimbabwe. From the results, the study concluded that such awareness implied potential for more effective practice of sign bilingual education in the country in order to advance these benefits. Ultimately, the study recommended further research and proposed a framework of practice termed ‘Sibanda’s Framework of the Practice of Sign Bilingual Education in Zimbabwe.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116231585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextualising sign bilingual education within the epistemology of cummins’s linguistic interdependence theory: A critical exposition","authors":"P. Sibanda","doi":"10.14196/SJPAS.V7I7.2529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJPAS.V7I7.2529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126566689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamics of the cost and funding of inclusive education in developing countries","authors":"P. Sibanda","doi":"10.14196/sjpas.v7i9.2555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjpas.v7i9.2555","url":null,"abstract":"This paper sought to analyse the dynamics involved in the cost and funding of inclusive education in developing and/or poor countries. The paper explores the cost-effectiveness of inclusive education by analyzing its measurability and sustainability. The literature that was reviewed reveals that the cost of inclusive education is less expensive but more sustainable than that of the traditional system in which general and special education are programmed and financed separately. The paper concludes that while it was difficult to find literature on the measurement of the cost of inclusive education in developing countries, it can be deduced from literature on middle-income and developing countries that inclusive education can cost up to 41% less than that of the traditional parallel system. However, this a can only be achievable if developing and/or poor countries embrace the central principles of inclusion and adopt best practices in these regards. Further research is certainly required on cost-effectiveness of inclusive education and the possibility of coming up with a model for calculating the real opportunity cost of foregoing the traditional more exclusive parallel systems often practiced in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":434990,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114541393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}