South African Journal of Bioethics and Law最新文献_第2页

Is there a legal and ethical duty on doctors to inform patients of the likely co-payment costs should they be treated by practitioners who have contracted out of medical scheme rates? 医生是否有法律和道德责任告知病人，如果他们接受已与医疗计划费率签订合同的医生的治疗，可能需要支付的自费费用？

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i3.1470

D. McQuoid-Mason

{"title":"Is there a legal and ethical duty on doctors to inform patients of the likely co-payment costs should they be treated by practitioners who have contracted out of medical scheme rates?","authors":"D. McQuoid-Mason","doi":"10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i3.1470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i3.1470","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A hypothetical scenario is presented in which a female patient is admitted to a private hospital to undergo a mastectomy and breast reconstruction. The surgeons and anaesthetists conducting the different procedures charge three times the medical aid rates. When the patient asks what the co-payments are likely to be, she is informed by the doctors’ accounts section that they can only provide this information after each procedure. The patient’s medical scheme also advises her that it cannot determine the likely co-payments unless she completes the assessment form sent to her. The form requires her to include the costs reflected against the relevant ICD10 codes. The patient cannot complete the form because the doctors’ accounts sections have not informed her about the proposed procedures and the likely costs of each. This article builds on a previous article discussing doctors’ overarching responsibility to disclose medical treatment costs in advance. The present article outlines the legal requirements in the South African Constitution, the National Health Act and the Health Professions Act, and refers to the Promotion of Access to Information Act and Consumer Protection Act. Similar to the earlier article, this article addresses the ethical requirements of the Health Professions Council of South Africa and the internationally recognised biomedical ethical principles. Furthermore, it also refers to the National Patients Charter, the government’s policy document on health care services.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43498,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","volume":"38 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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When sanctuaries of humanity turn into corridors of horror: The destruction of healthcare in Gaza 当人类的避难所变成恐怖走廊：加沙医疗卫生的破坏

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i3.1732

S. Mahomed

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Israel desecrates the sanctity of healthcare with its attacks 以色列的攻击亵渎了医疗保健的神圣性

South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i3.1656

A Soni

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Bridging the regulatory gaps created by Smart and Connected technologies in South Africa 弥合南非智能和互联技术造成的监管差距

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i2.201

M. Botes, B. Townsend

{"title":"Bridging the regulatory gaps created by Smart and Connected technologies in South Africa","authors":"M. Botes, B. Townsend","doi":"10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i2.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i2.201","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The prevalence of technology-embedded products, services, and cities, described colloquially as ‘smart’ technologies and ‘smart’ cities, has seen a spate of unprecedented growth in recent years. South Africa (SA) has not been left behind, with smartphones, smart watches, and smart voice-controlled virtual personal assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa now frequently used. But while these technologies hold great promise to revolutionise homes, offices and cities, their adoption poses challenges to individual and collective interests and wellbeing. After demonstrating the legal and ethical difficulties brought about by the introduction of these technologies, this article explores whether SA legislation is sufficiently robust to address these challenges. While the current legislative landscape addresses certain crucial difficulties – such as the safeguarding of personal data by the Protection of Personal Information Act No. 4 of 2013 (‘POPIA’) – it is suggested that the position regulating other aspects of smart technology adoption is, in large part, fragmented and ill-equipped to deal with some of the more pressing legal and ethical questions. Our contention is that, not dissimilar to the issues arising from artificial intelligence-based technological adoption, the extant legislative and regulatory frameworks do not go far enough in addressing the many concerns emerging from recent novel technological design, development, and deployment. Not only do smart technologies give rise to unique challenges, so does their deployment within the Global South and in South Africa, in particular. We suggest that appropriate and effective regulatory reform measures be undertaken in SA to provide better ethical guidance and policy prescriptions buttressed by rigorous regulatory oversight.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43498,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48973164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Inserting microethics into paediatric clinical care: A consideration of the models of the doctor-patient relationship 将微观伦理学纳入儿科临床护理：对医患关系模式的思考

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i2.515

L. L. S Lutchman

{"title":"Inserting microethics into paediatric clinical care: A consideration of the models of the doctor-patient relationship","authors":"L. L. S Lutchman","doi":"10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i2.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i2.515","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Microethics is about the ethics of everyday clinical practice. The subtle nuances in communication between doctor and patient (the doctor’s choice of words, tone, body language, gestures, etc.) can influence the exercise of the patient’s autonomy. The four models of the doctor- patient/physician-patient relationship (paternalistic, informative, interpretive, deliberative) weigh respect for autonomy and beneficence in varying proportions. Each model may be appropriate in certain circumstances. This article considers these models from the perspective of microethics and the unique dimensions created by the doctor-child-parent relationship. In particular, the article considers the nuances to the autonomy principle created by the child’s developing maturity and the parent’s role as a co-fiduciary of the child’s interests. Ultimately, the deliberative model seems most appropriate to the paediatric setting, since it accommodates the child’s developing maturity in making healthcare-related decisions. This model infuses care into the doctor’s communication with the child and parent.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43498,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42519056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Turning the moral compass towards transformative research ethics: An inflection point for humanised pedagogy in higher education 将道德指南针转向变革性研究伦理：高等教育人性化教育学的转折点

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i2.232

PG Dip

引用次数: 0

Revisions to the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki: Africa Region Consultation 对世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言的修订：非洲区域协商

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i2.1469

A. Dhai

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Unpacking the legality of termination of pregnancy based on ‘social grounds’ under South African law 根据南非法律，基于“社会原因”终止妊娠的合法性

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i1.1033

M. Khan

{"title":"Unpacking the legality of termination of pregnancy based on ‘social grounds’ under South African law","authors":"M. Khan","doi":"10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i1.1033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i1.1033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The topic of abortion was in the limelight again in Dobbs v Jackson, where the US Supreme Court overturned the decision of Roe v Wade, ‘which guaranteed women and pregnant people a constitutional right to abortion’. While not bound by the judgment, this gives us an opportunity to reflect on the current law in South Africa which regulates the termination of pregnancy. The primary piece of legislation which governs abortion is the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act. Section 2 of the Act lists the grounds under which one may lawfully terminate a pregnancy. One of those grounds relates to the period of the 13th up until the 20th week of the gestation period, and states that if a medical practitioner, after consultation with the pregnant woman, is of the opinion that the continued pregnancy would significantly affect the social or economic circumstances of the woman, then the pregnancy may be lawfully terminated. The question is: What exactly is meant by ‘social grounds’? This article considers this aspect from a legal perspective and attempts to provide clarity on the issue, in the hope that this will be of assistance to medical practitioners who are concerned about the outcome of their actions, when assisting persons in this position.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43498,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46731158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human dignity and researcher conduct in emergency care research with incapacitated adults 人的尊严和研究人员的行为在紧急护理研究与丧失行为能力的成年人

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16.2.378

PhD Emergency Med C Stein

{"title":"Human dignity and researcher conduct in emergency care research with incapacitated adults","authors":"PhD Emergency Med C Stein","doi":"10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16.2.378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16.2.378","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Emergency care research sometimes involves incapacitated adults as research participants. The ethical principle of respect for autonomy may not necessarily apply to an incapacitated person unable to act in an autonomous manner, although it can be argued that researchers still have a duty of respect towards such people because they have moral status despite being incapacitated. Sharing some common ground with theories of moral status based on ‘humanness’ and the ability for rational thought is the notion of human dignity, which features in arguments regarding researcher conduct with incapacitated patients. However, human dignity premised upon the unique ability of humans for rational thought and moral self-regulation is contingent upon these capabilities – a limitation that possibly makes dignity a less useful framework for research conduct in emergency care research. In this article, I will discuss the different conceptions of human dignity – as equality, status and virtue – and then draw on more recent literature that explains human dignity as a social constraint and as a factor influencing the conduct of healthcare professionals and researchers. I will address questions of whether dignity as a principle ought to apply only to those who have the ability to think rationally, or to all humans regardless of their condition or mental status. I will argue that, in relation to offering protection to research participants in emergency conditions, it is immaterial which view is taken.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43498,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47433812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in the empathy levels of a group of undergraduate medical students: A longitudinal study 一组医科本科生共情水平的变化:一项纵向研究

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i2.1015

E. Archer, PhD R Turner, MSc Nursing

{"title":"Changes in the empathy levels of a group of undergraduate medical students: A longitudinal study","authors":"E. Archer, PhD R Turner, MSc Nursing","doi":"10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i2.1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i2.1015","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The concept of empathy in students has gained significant attention in medical education. Whether implementing formal educational interventions to promote long-term and effective empathy levels leads to sustained increased empathy levels in students, is however less clear.\u0000Objectives. The study aimed to evaluate the trajectory of medical students’ self-perceived empathy levels during their 6-year MB ChB degree.\u0000Methods. A longitudinal, prospective study was conducted over 4 years. A cohort of 292 medical students was invited to participate. Participants completed the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Students (JSE-S) at three intervals during their studies. The students attended two workshops related to empathic patient interactions during this time. The JSE-S mean score by age and gender was compared, making use of a linear regression model.\u0000Results. A total of 119 students completed the study. Students’ total empathy levels were similar during the first and the last measuring point (110), but there was a significant rise in the intermediate measuring point (113.3). When the male and female cohorts’ scores were interpreted separately, both genders demonstrated a similar pattern to the total score, although females’ JSE-S scores were higher than the males.\u0000Conclusion. The results of the study confirm that educational interventions can increase students’ self-perceived empathy levels; however, we suggest that students require reinforcement and multiple opportunities to practise and observe empathic communication with patients to sustain high levels of empathy. Follow-up sessions to specifically target the promotion of empathy should be implemented; otherwise the long-term effect of educational interventions might be limited.","PeriodicalId":43498,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48104252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0