Agrociencia-Uruguay最新文献_第5页

Cultivos de uso ilícito y procesos de transformación campesina en La Macarena (Meta, Colombia) La Macarena (Meta，哥伦比亚)非法使用的作物和农民转型过程

Agrociencia-Uruguay Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.968

Demis Guerrero, Álvaro Acevedo

引用次数: 0

Agroecología política: crítica de la ecología política al capitalismo agroalimentario 政治农业生态学:对农业粮食资本主义政治生态学的批判

Agrociencia-Uruguay Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.972

P. Petersen

引用次数: 0

Diálogo de saberes: de la agrobiodiversidad útil hacia la construcción de conocimiento medicinal (Zautla, México) 知识对话:从有用的农业生物多样性到医学知识的构建(墨西哥Zautla)

Agrociencia-Uruguay Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.966

Pablo De la Fuente Garnica, Alonso Gutiérrez Navarro

{"title":"Diálogo de saberes: de la agrobiodiversidad útil hacia la construcción de conocimiento medicinal (Zautla, México)","authors":"Pablo De la Fuente Garnica, Alonso Gutiérrez Navarro","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.966","url":null,"abstract":"El diálogo de saberes es un horizonte para la agroecología en lo político, lo epistémico y lo ético, y da la posibilidad de construir alternativas a la producción de conocimiento hegemónico. Además, nos permite cuestionar el objeto de conocimiento de las etnociencias. El artículo aquí presentado reconfigura la experiencia de trabajo de más de 20 años del Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo Rural (CESDER) con grupos comunitarios campesinos e indígenas en Zautla, México. La metodología surge a partir de la recopilación y la determinación taxonómica de colectas de plantas en la zona, que sirven como base para la constatación de usos y nombres comunes mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, y que al final, puedan detonar intercambios y diálogos con los grupos comunitarios por medio de los ejemplares de herbario con énfasis en uso medicinal. Los resultados apuntan a que la condensación de lo material y lo simbólico hace emerger historias de vida, recuerdos, anécdotas, usos, recetas, experiencias, valoraciones, y logra compartir lo indispensable para la apropiación cultural. Para nosotros, las conclusiones van más allá de la convergencia en la identificación taxonómica y los nombres comunes, ya que dan lugar a cambios en las prácticas en la vida cotidiana, generan conocimiento a partir del diálogo y reproducen momentos en donde emergen la convivencia, el compartir y las historias de vida que relacionan con su vivencia y su experiencia. La aproximación a un diálogo de saberes surge de la constancia del espacio siempre en construcción y del intercambio consecuente.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78689068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resistiendo a los agroextractivismos: análisis de actores y trayectorias en defensa de los territorios mayas y emberá libres de transgénicos (2002-2020) 抵制农业提取主义:保护玛雅和embera无转基因领土的行为者和路径分析(2002-2020)

Agrociencia-Uruguay Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.969

Beatriz López Arboleda, Narciso Barrera-Bassols, I. Vélez-Torres

{"title":"Resistiendo a los agroextractivismos: análisis de actores y trayectorias en defensa de los territorios mayas y emberá libres de transgénicos (2002-2020)","authors":"Beatriz López Arboleda, Narciso Barrera-Bassols, I. Vélez-Torres","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.969","url":null,"abstract":"Este artículo forma parte de los resultados de investigación doctoral sobre la movilización social contra transgénicos en México y Colombia. En este caso, nos centramos en los agroextractivismos y en su control territorial a través del uso de semillas transgénicas. La disputa en este sentido es dada entre pequeños productores campesinos despojados de sus patrimonios agroecológicos y productores empresariales adscritos al modelo hegemónico del sistema agroalimentario. En el caso de los pueblos mayas en México y emberá en Colombia, articulados con diversos actores, se movilizan para la defensa de sus territorios ante los transgénicos. En este contexto se plantea como objetivo analizar los mecanismos utilizados por mayas y emberá para resistir ante los transgénicos. La metodología se concentra en una perspectiva etnográfica, en entrevistas semiestructuradas y en la revisión de información secundaria. Los resultados de la investigación corresponden a los mecanismos de resistencia a través de declaratorias de Territorios Libres de Transgénicos y de demandas de amparo contra la siembra de transgénicos. El diálogo en estas dos experiencias ha resultado en logros para la resistencia ante los transgénicos, aunque con las dificultades de una lucha que no acaba en un contexto de libre mercado.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77305418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resgate e multiplicação das frutas nativas no Núcleo Luta Camponesa de Agroecologia 农民农业生态核心斗争中本土水果的抢救与繁殖

Agrociencia-Uruguay Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.958

Rodrigo Ozelame da Silva, J. Perez-Cassarino, W. Steenbock

{"title":"Resgate e multiplicação das frutas nativas no Núcleo Luta Camponesa de Agroecologia","authors":"Rodrigo Ozelame da Silva, J. Perez-Cassarino, W. Steenbock","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.958","url":null,"abstract":"Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar as principais estratégias de multiplicação das espécies arbóreas nativas do bioma Mata Atlântica, ou simplesmente frutas nativas, e propor um caminho para estimular sua promoção. O público foi composto por seis grupos de camponeses do Núcleo Luta Camponesa da Rede Ecovida de Agroecologia, localizado na região centro-sul do estado do Paraná-BR. Os procedimentos metodológicos usaram os princípios da pesquisa-ação e foram compostos por quatro fases complementares. A primeira buscou problematizar a importância das frutas nativas e escolher as espécies prioritárias, enquanto a segunda teve focoem caracterizar, de forma participativa, os aspectos socioambientais das frutas nativas prioritárias. Destacam-se como resultados a identificação dos sistemas agroflorestais como melhor estratégia para multiplicação no contexto pesquisado, bem como a elaboração de um guia que pode subsidiar o resgate e a multiplicação de tais espécies em outros territórios. Tal guia é baseado na seguinte sequência: i) resgatar olhares para as frutas nativas; ii) partir do que existe nos agroecossistemas; iii) trocar sementes e mudas com agricultores de outros contextos; iv) plantar nas paisagens que os agricultores manejam.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88540740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biological Control: lessons learned for agroecological transition in Uruguay 生物防治:乌拉圭农业生态转型的经验教训

Agrociencia-Uruguay Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.967

A. Rodríguez, E. Chia, V. Rossi

{"title":"Biological Control: lessons learned for agroecological transition in Uruguay","authors":"A. Rodríguez, E. Chia, V. Rossi","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.967","url":null,"abstract":"Agroecology proposes to mobilize the scientific and practical, traditional and local knowledge of producers to develop jointly new production systems. This article presents the results of research on biological control carried out since 2003 in the north of Uruguay. Experiences were conducted by different organizations of family farmers and by BIO-Uruguay (Batoví Instituto Orgánico), a social organization founded by family farmers and rural inhabitants. The results of the analyzed experiences are technical, methodological and social, focusing mainly on the biological fight against pests and diseases of agricultural and livestock production. The different stages of the co-innovation process are presented to obtain biological solutions from the recognition and use of native pathogenic fungi to control pests of economic importance. The objectives of this study were to restore biological balances, to contribute to the agroecological transitions of the productive systems, and to enforce the collective learning, necessary among the actors, for co-innovation. These learnings contribute to the development of the individual and institutional capacities needed to \"build agroecology\" in Uruguay.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84742876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Writing from Uruguay to the world: Agrociencia Uruguay twenty-five years 从乌拉圭到世界的写作:乌拉圭农业协会25年

Agrociencia-Uruguay Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.1063

Daniele Bonfanti, Verónica Sanz

引用次数: 0

Dairy farm management: a typology of dairy farmers according to their disposition to the use of economic and physical records 奶牛场管理:一种类型的奶牛场根据他们的性格来使用经济和物理记录

Agrociencia-Uruguay Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.1113

D. Piñeiro, M. Chiappe, F. Grana

{"title":"Dairy farm management: a typology of dairy farmers according to their disposition to the use of economic and physical records","authors":"D. Piñeiro, M. Chiappe, F. Grana","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.1113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.1113","url":null,"abstract":"The technological model applied during the last years in Uruguayan dairy production has made it possible to consolidate the efficiency and productivity of dairy farmers. Although for many dairy producers there is still room to incorporate new production techniques, the most advanced producers seem to have reached their ceiling in the possibilities of improving the recommended technological package for dairy production. In consequence, for these farmers, keeping economic records is becoming increasingly important at the planning and decision-making stages. In this study, we describe in the first place the different behaviors of dairy producers from the perspective of the management of their farms, and we identify the variables that are underlying these diverse behaviors. In the second place, we construct a typology of dairy farmers, distinguishing four categories: (1) Disintegrating farmers, (2) Agribusiness wage-laborers, (3) Quasi-entrepreneurs, and (4) Diversified entrepreneurs. Finally, the study concludes with some thoughts regarding the feasibility of using physical, economic and financial records for each of the identified types of dairy farmers.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78806597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Classifying Uruguayan maize collection to develop a core collection 对乌拉圭玉米品种进行分类，开发核心品种

Agrociencia-Uruguay Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.1077

M. Malosetti, T. Abadie

{"title":"Classifying Uruguayan maize collection to develop a core collection","authors":"M. Malosetti, T. Abadie","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.1077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.1077","url":null,"abstract":"Core Collections were suggested to improve germplasm utilization. A Core Collection is a subset of reduced size, chosen to represent the diversity of a collection with a minimum of redundancies. Because diversity is distributed between and within groups with different degrees of organization, accessions should be classified adequately into related groups before the selection of a Core Collection. In this research, different classification strategies for the Uruguayan Maize Collection were compared, and the best was used to select a Core Collection. The following classification strategies were compared following a multivariate approach using the available maize data base: i) racial classification, ii) geographic origin (south and north of the country), and iii) a combination of kernel type and geographic origin. The third option was considered the best classification criterion, since it takes into account two points which are closely related to the distribution of diversity: genotypic composition and geographical origin. The following five groups were identified in the collection: a) Pop, b) Floury, e) Dent, d) Southern Flint-semiflints, and e) Northern Flint-semiflints. A total of 90 accessions were selected to constitute the Uruguayan Maize Core Collection. Each group was represented in the Core in proportion to the logarithm of its size. The ranges of 17 variables in the Core were compared with those in the entire collection to verify the representativeness of the subset. On average, 91.2% of the ranges were retained in the Core, confirming its representativeness.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90614451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preliminary Study of Prolificacy and Maternal Ability on Six Sheep Biotypes in Uruguay 乌拉圭6种羊生物型繁殖能力和母系能力的初步研究

Agrociencia-Uruguay Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.1109

G. Banchero, A. Vázquez, Natalia Irarí, G. Ciappesoni, G. Quintans

{"title":"Preliminary Study of Prolificacy and Maternal Ability on Six Sheep Biotypes in Uruguay","authors":"G. Banchero, A. Vázquez, Natalia Irarí, G. Ciappesoni, G. Quintans","doi":"10.31285/agro.26.1109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.1109","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the first evaluation of the Prolific Sheep Project of INIA (2008-2011) demonstrated that the crossbred biotypes Corriedale by East Friesian or Corriedale by Finnish Landrace weaned 60 % more lambs than pure Corriedale and, on the other hand, the crossbred East Friesian by Finnish Landrace weaned 85 % more than pure Corriedale. However, and under the same productive conditions, the behavior at lambing and colostrum production of these new biotypes are unknown. In order to find out, an experiment was conducted at INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (34°S; 57°O) where 61 female lambs 4-6 teeth born in the spring of 2010 were evaluated. Two pure breeds were used: Corriedale (C.C) and East Friesian (M.M), and the crosses Finnish Landrace x Corriedale (F.C), East Friesian x Corriedale (M.C), 3/4 East Friesian - 1/4 Finnish Landrace (M.(F.M)), 7/8 Finnish Landrace - 1/8 Corriedale (F.(FxF.C)), mated with Texel rams. The increase in Finnish blood resulted in more prolificacy (2.2; 2.3 and 2.4 for 1/4; 1/2 and 7/8 Finnish with lighter lambs and less lambing assistance. Both half and pure East Friesian had similar and moderate prolificacy (1.8 M.C and 1.7 M.M) whereas lambing assistance was high. Colostrum production and composition was similar between biotypes, with the exception of M.M, that produced more. There were no differences in placental efficiency between biotypes. Birth weight of lambs affected their behavior in the first hour of life, specifically the time from birth to first stand up to suckle.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81259705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0