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Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series)最新文献

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Sex in the city 都市欲望
Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0017
D. Bhugra, A. Ventriglio
{"title":"Sex in the city","authors":"D. Bhugra, A. Ventriglio","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual acts form the basis of human life. In urban areas, both male and female sex workers and their mental health have been studied. The risks of resulting sexually transmitted diseases are higher and, consequently, physical and psychiatric comorbidity may be higher. The theory of sex markets focuses on sexual partnering and emphasizes that it is fundamentally a local process, meaning that the two people must live within reasonable geographical proximity to initiate and develop a sexual relationship that is physical. Of course, often people do indulge in cybersex, for which adequate electronic and WiFi facilities have to be available. Economic needs and perspectives may play a major role in transient sexual partnering.","PeriodicalId":434072,"journal":{"name":"Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121860674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why urban environments matter for refugee mental health 为什么城市环境对难民的心理健康很重要
Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0006
P. Schofield
{"title":"Why urban environments matter for refugee mental health","authors":"P. Schofield","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Refugees are at increased risk of mental disorders. This is increasingly attributed to the post-migration context in which they live, typically socio-economically deprived urban areas. In general, neighbourhood factors are relevant to mental health outcomes. There is now research showing that neighbourhood ethnic density is related to the incidence of psychosis and other mental disorders for ethnic minorities. One consequence of dispersal policies is that refugees are often placed in urban areas far from others from their country of origin, which is likely to affect their mental health. Refugees are more likely to be exposed to other neighbourhood factors shown to have adverse mental health consequences, e.g. high levels of social deprivation and low levels of social cohesion. The extent to which these factors might explain the elevated risk of mental disorders among refugees is still unknown and further research is needed.","PeriodicalId":434072,"journal":{"name":"Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128603637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Urban design for adolescent mental health 青少年心理健康的城市设计
Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0013
Jenny Roe, A. Roe
{"title":"Urban design for adolescent mental health","authors":"Jenny Roe, A. Roe","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Young people today face a number of unprecedented social, cultural and economic challenges that pose a threat to their mental wellbeing. This includes rapid urbanization, globalisation and migration. It is increasingly recognised that intersectoral and multicomponent action is required to meet these challenges - yet so far the role of urban planning to promote adolescent health and wellbeing has been overlooked. This chapter provides an overview of the evidence showing the potential for the built environment to promote health and wellbeing among young people. This includes promoting an ‘active city’ that enables more walking, cycling, and provides integrated public transport facilities for young people. It requires that urban design is responsive to the integration of new technologies that can help forge mobility in, and engagement with, the city. The ‘playable city’ affords opportunities for adolescents to engage with a city through smart phones, whilst also promoting physical activity and social interaction. It also includes the provision of green space and ‘restorative niches’ that support emotional self-regulation in young people. In order to realise the full potential of urban design to promote adolescent mental health, we must engage young people in the debate on these new approaches.","PeriodicalId":434072,"journal":{"name":"Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128147214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Urban design and mental health 城市设计与心理健康
Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-0752-1_12-1
L. Mccay, Ingrid Bremer, Tarik Endale, Marjia Jannati, Jihyun Yi
{"title":"Urban design and mental health","authors":"L. Mccay, Ingrid Bremer, Tarik Endale, Marjia Jannati, Jihyun Yi","doi":"10.1007/978-981-10-0752-1_12-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0752-1_12-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":434072,"journal":{"name":"Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131175479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Urbanization and mental health 城市化与心理健康
Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0007
M. Carta, D. Bhugra
{"title":"Urbanization and mental health","authors":"M. Carta, D. Bhugra","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Growth of the urban population worldwide is a critical issue for global mental health. Urban populations are exposed to several factors that may play a role in the modification of the profile of mental health risks. These factors are interlinked and their effects are cumulative. Synthesis of some of the research findings related to urbanization and increased psychopathological risks is presented. Studies have found associations of social and environmental determinats linked to living in cities and high rates of schizophrenia and other mental disorders. Given the hectic, haphazard, and rapid processes of global urbanization robust research and prospective approaches are needed to explore and clarify the causal links so far highlighted and the interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Urban rehabilitation interventions need to be studied over time in the wake of the welfare of populations, and should take a multidisciplinary collaborative approach.","PeriodicalId":434072,"journal":{"name":"Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131043225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Re-conceptualizing urban spaces: towards recovery and reintegration of women living with mental disorders 重新构想城市空间:实现精神障碍妇女的康复和重返社会
Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0022
S. Maitra
{"title":"Re-conceptualizing urban spaces: towards recovery and reintegration of women living with mental disorders","authors":"S. Maitra","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Urban spaces are negotiated by women living with mental disorders in a variety of ways. Often, this population lives on the fringes of the city, invisible, rarely occupying mainstream spaces. Reintegration of women with mental disorders is a long and arduous process. In India, women living with mental disorders experience long-term institutionalization and abandonment by the family. They are often admitted to the hospital in their late 20s/early 30s and despite becoming asymptomatic are unable to get out of the institution given the absence of their family. As a result, they grow old in the institution, with no skills to fend for themselves, no roof above their head, and no identity beyond ‘madness’. This chapter describes Tarasha, a community-based project working with women surviving mental disorders. Tarasha links shelter, livelihoods, and psycho-social issues to facilitate women’s recovery and reintegration, negotiating urban spaces in order to reduce stigma and discrimination.","PeriodicalId":434072,"journal":{"name":"Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series)","volume":"32 Suppl 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134542088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Common mental disorders in cities 城市常见的精神障碍
Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0015
S. Chaturvedi, N. Manjunatha
{"title":"Common mental disorders in cities","authors":"S. Chaturvedi, N. Manjunatha","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Common mental disorder (CMDs) are the most common psychiatric disorders in the general population, as well as at primary care. They include a triad of three illnesses—depression, anxiety disorders, and somatoform disorders. Global data suggest that the urban population exceeded the rural population in 2007. Cities provide an opportunity for economic growth and comparatively better healthcare facilities. However, what is worrisome is the increased vulnerability for many illnesses, especially CMDs. This chapter reviews the noteworthy literature about CMDs in cities across the world and discusses some of best practices in treating CMDs in various cities.","PeriodicalId":434072,"journal":{"name":"Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114247963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Urban design for mental health in Tokyo 东京心理健康的城市设计
Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0020
L. Mccay, E. Suzuki, Anna Chang
{"title":"Urban design for mental health in Tokyo","authors":"L. Mccay, E. Suzuki, Anna Chang","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Tokyo is one of the most populous urban areas in the world, with a city population of over 13 million people and a metropolitan area extending to 36 million people. Urban planning has not traditionally focused on mental health in Tokyo. A policy review alongside interviews with urban practitioners examined how Tokyo applies the key principles of urban planning and design for population mental health, and extracts lessons. Tokyo could further leverage the urban environment to improve mental health by increasing awareness among architects and planners; removing barriers to commuting by bicycle; developing waterways and station pavilions for green space, physical activity and positive social interactions; and optimizing the workplace for mental health. Other cities could learn from Tokyo’s empowering of residents to green their neighbourhoods, and its largely pedestrianized roads that prioritize greenery, walkability, bikeability, and social activities. Thinking is growing around interior placemaking, from shopping malls to offices.","PeriodicalId":434072,"journal":{"name":"Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124308993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sociology and the study of cities 社会学和城市研究
Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0002
A. Orum
{"title":"Sociology and the study of cities","authors":"A. Orum","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Cities, as well as urban places, are a fascinating focus of study. Sociology comes into its own when studying not only physical urban spaces, but also processes that happen in urban spaces. Various schools of study of sociology have highlighted various aspects. For several decades the Chicago School of Sociology shaped urban sociology as a whole. For example, urban sociologists, whether at Chicago or elsewhere, see the city as a place consisting of different concentric zones—a zone of manufacturing, for example, as well as a red light district, and particular ethnic settlements. Each of these zones carries with it various issues related to mental health, well-being, and mental illness. Some of the earliest studies in urban mental health originated from Chicago. The concept of public space and its functioning creates a number of issues that need exploration. There appears to be a genuine intellectual division and tension between those who insist that public space permits people to gather and express themselves freely and those who insist that the reality of the world today has eliminated the notion of public space. This chapter explores these issues within the broader context of globalization.","PeriodicalId":434072,"journal":{"name":"Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129648620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Suicide in cities 城市自杀
Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0016
K. Kõlves, Victoria Ross, D. Leo
{"title":"Suicide in cities","authors":"K. Kõlves, Victoria Ross, D. Leo","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198804949.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Urban life has been linked to stress and illness, higher levels of mental health disorders, and altered human brain responses. This chapter investigates the complex relationship between city life and suicide. Suicide rates have been historically higher in urban areas, but a trend of decline in urban suicide rates and an increase in rural trends has been observed. According to Durkheim’s theory, suicide rates are dependent on levels of social integration at a societal level rather than on human’s mental states. This has led some researchers to argue that rural areas have become more socially isolated and have lower levels of social integration. Research on urban areas suggests that suicides are associated with social fragmentation, social deprivation and poverty. Prevention of access to means has been shown to be effective in preventing urban suicides. A combination of the most appropriate strategies should be tailored to the city or suburb context.","PeriodicalId":434072,"journal":{"name":"Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133457214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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