Urbanism eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Zoning – Neighborhood Character and Historic Overlays in Lexington, KY","authors":"Taylor Price","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3696080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3696080","url":null,"abstract":"Zoning has a significant impact on our built environment. Overlay zoning, an additional form of restrictive zoning, is a tool that municipalities utilize to control development. This study analyzes the impact that historic district (H-1) and neighborhood character (ND-1) overlays have on single family home sale price in Lexington, KY. Results suggest that overlays have a significant positive impact on home prices. Homes within overlays can expect to have a premium of between 18-27% over comparable homes not in overlay zones. Results also suggest that overlays exhibit spatial impacts that extend further than the homes included in the overlay.","PeriodicalId":434025,"journal":{"name":"Urbanism eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128136417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The MFN Principle at Peril in Investment Treaties - With Particular References to Ansung Housing and Beijing Urban Construction","authors":"Chan-Mo Chung","doi":"10.35611/JKT.2020.24.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35611/JKT.2020.24.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – This paper investigates the theories and practices of Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) clauses. The MFN clause became a controversial issue during the past two decades, especially in the context of investment arbitration. This paper aims to clarify a reasonable way to apply MFN clauses. It in particular focuses on the territoriality requirements and the scope of investment activity which are common features included in most of investment treaties. <br><br>Design/methodology – This paper analyses two investment arbitration cases, Ansung Housing and Beijing Urban Construction. Through the case study, this paper reveals limitations of the currently dominant views on the operation of MFN clauses. It then tries to reconstruct the system of MFN application within the relevant arbitration principles. <br><br>Findings – Tribunals of recent investment arbitration as represented in the two cases above employed strict literal interpretation of the treaty provisions, especially of the phrase “in its territory”. This paper finds a more functional interpretation is appropriate and consistent with theories of public international law and developments of global economy. <br><br>Originality/value – Existing studies either stuck to literal interpretation or suggested more flexible interpretation of the phrase “in its territory” without full explanation. This paper tries to fill the gap in the existing discussion by analyzing legal foundations and theoretical structure for an effective interpretation of MFN clauses.","PeriodicalId":434025,"journal":{"name":"Urbanism eJournal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127158132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Urban Sprawl and Sustainable Development in Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"P. Sarker","doi":"10.7176/jesd/11-6-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jesd/11-6-02","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the impact of urban sprawl on sustainable development in Dhaka megacity, applying a comprehensive analysis. The study selected the greater Dhaka region as the study area. Besides quantitative analysis, the paper also used the widely accepted definition of sprawl to confirm the existence of sprawl in the context of Dhaka. It also employed the Pairwise Ranking Matrix (PRM) to determine the most contributing factors of urban sprawl in Dhaka. The ArcGIS and Remote Sensing tools were used to investigate and indicate urban sprawl patterns and land-use change from 1990 to 2017. The findings confirmed that Dhaka was slowly experiencing processes of urban sprawl, particularly in Southern, Western, and Eastern local regions. As policy tools, this paper contributed to the designing of effective spatial planning and strategies for planned urban growth and sustainable development. Keywords: Urban sprawl; Sustainable development; Dhaka; Spatial planning; ArcGIS DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-6-02 Publication date: March 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":434025,"journal":{"name":"Urbanism eJournal","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115507763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoning and the Cost of Housing: Evidence from Silicon Valley, Greater New Haven, and Greater Austin","authors":"Robert C. Ellickson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3472145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3472145","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal zoning, shockingly, may be the most consequential regulatory program in the United States. The Article develops metrics for measuring the extent to which a locality’s zoning practices are exclusionary, that is, limit the possible construction of least-cost housing. It applies the metrics to actual zoning ordinances and zoning maps, materials that legal scholars have seldom closely appraised. The municipalities chosen for study lie in three metropolitan areas, the ones listed in the Article’s title. Of the three, zoning in Greater Austin, one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the United States, is — to no one’s surprise — the most conducive to housing development. Austin suburbs have less large-lot zoning, more small-lot zoning, and fewer restrictions on the construction of multifamily housing. House prices in Silicon Valley, now commonly ten times the national median, were only slightly above the median in 1970. The extreme escalation of Silicon Valley housing prices has stemmed in significant part from its suburbs’ multifaceted efforts, after 1970, to limit further densification. Some towns in Greater New Haven, by contrast, adopted exclusionary policies as early as the 1930s. These towns’ enactments have distorted the region’s urban form and reduced its agglomeration efficiencies, but had little effect on housing prices. The Article surveys the zoning histories of the three regions, introducing, in due course, issues such as water supply, the structure of local government law, and racial demography. \u0000 \u0000The final parts of the Article are more overtly normative. They present the case for boosting permitted residential densities in urban areas of the United States. To counter neighborhood NIMBYism, state legislatures should either preempt local discretion over what can be built, or reward localities that allow denser housing.","PeriodicalId":434025,"journal":{"name":"Urbanism eJournal","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116367810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Last Mile Innovation: The Case of the Locker Alliance Network","authors":"Guodong Lyu, C. Teo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3471166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3471166","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition: The Singapore government has recently proposed the concept of “Locker Alliance” (LA), an interoperable network of public lockers in residential areas and hot spots in community, to improve the efficiency of last mile parcel delivery operations. This is to complement the existing infrastructure, composed mainly of proprietary lockers and collection points in commercial areas set up by large delivery companies. How do we determine the density and coverage of the LA network to promote adoption of locker pickup in Singapore? What will be the impact on the delivery profile in the central business district, far from the residential areas? Academic/practical relevance: We discuss the operational challenges associated with the problem of public locker installation in a city, following a new smart nation initiative in Singapore. We used data analytics to address the following questions: What are the chances that a customer will choose to pick up the parcel from a locker, over home or office deliveries, based on walking distance (to lockers) and a variety of other features? Without knowing the transit routes of the customers, how do we design the LA network to ensure that the lockers will be well utilized? Methodology: We use a set of locker usage data from a commercial courier company to calibrate a locker choice model to determine the impact of walking distance on locker pickup intentions. We use the current (observed) parcel delivery profile to develop a facility location model for the LA network. We use this model to extrapolate and approximate the true adoption and new delivery profiles when the LA network is built. Results: Contrary to conventional wisdom, our model does not always place lockers near areas with peak parcel volume (in preexisting data) because the LA lockers provide another option for customers to pick up from lockers near residential areas. Furthermore, the model suggests that a coverage of 250 meters is appropriate for the LA network in Singapore. Managerial implications: Commercial parcel locker installation has traditionally focused on hot spots in the transit routes of the citizens in the city. The LA network is the first attempt in Singapore to allow public lockers in residential areas. This paper develops an analytical method to determine network density and coverage based on a locker choice model and argues how useful insights can be gleaned from the model, despite not having the full transit route information of all citizens in the city.","PeriodicalId":434025,"journal":{"name":"Urbanism eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130447496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buzzwords – kritická rešerše literatury: dobrá či špatná praxe pro rozvoj smart city? (Buzzwords - Critical Literature Review: Good or Bad Practice for Smart City Development?)","authors":"Marek Vokoun, František Stellner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3451885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3451885","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Czech Abstract:</b> Tato studie zkoumá umění tvorby módních hesel (buzzword) a jejich použití v koncepcích inteligentních měst (smart city) a obecně i ve společenských vědách. Analýza se zaměřuje na důležitost vytváření hesel, jejich prospěšného a nevhodného použití v akademickém výzkumu. Termín fuzzword je úmyslně nebo úmyslně používané m´dní slovo (buzzword), jehož cílem je skrýt originální nebo smysluplný nápad nebo cíl. Tento příspěvek představil několik příkladů dobré a špatné praxe ve vědě. Externí faktory a šumy, komunikační modely (struktury a interakce) a obsah komunikace se také používají jako nástroje k analýze problému z pohledu informační vědy. Výsledky kritického přezkumu naznačují, že mnoho autorů začíná správně vyjasněním problematiky jednoznačnosti výsledků a definic, ale nejsou ochotni přispět ke snížení úrovně chaosu ve svém oboru. Některá hesla (inovační ekosystém, intersekcionalita a ústavnost) přispěla do určité míry ke kvalitě vědy šířením sdělení o problému nebo problému, který má být vyřešen. Některá módní slova příliš nepřispívají k poznání a dále prohlubují nejasnosti (udržitelný růst, inteligentní, virtuální, odolnost, smart atd.).<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> This paper explores the art of creating buzzwords and their use in smart city concepts and in social sciences in general. The analysis aims at the importance of creating buzzwords, their beneficial and dismal use in academic research. The term fuzzword is a deliberately or intentionally adopted buzzword that aims to conceal an original or meaningful idea or goal. This paper introduced several examples of good and bad practice in science. External factors and noises, models of communication (structures and interactions), and the content of communication are also used as tools to analyze the issue from the information science perspective. Results of the critical review suggest that many authors start properly with clarifying the issue of the ambiguity of results and definitions but are not willing to contribute to decreasing the level of chaos in their field. Some buzzwords (innovation eco-system, intersectionality, and constitutionalism) contributed to some extent to the quality of science by disseminating the message about an issue or problem to be solved. Some buzzwords are not contributing much to the knowledge (sustainable growth, smart, virtual, resilience, smart etc.)","PeriodicalId":434025,"journal":{"name":"Urbanism eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114528061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demand Side Management: Demand Response, Intelligent Energy Systems and Smart Loads","authors":"Suraj S, S. K","doi":"10.34218/ijeet.10.1.2019.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/ijeet.10.1.2019.003","url":null,"abstract":"Request side administration is a helpful and vital device in savvy network vitality the executives framework to decrease absolute power request amid pinnacle request periods and henceforth, upgrading lattice supportability and lessening by and large expense. The proposed load planning approach dependent on guage power costs and pre-booked burdens. It essentially utilizes the technique for load moving of move capable and interruptible loads and can be constrained by the brought together controller of things to come savvy network. This methodology advances the utilization bends of family unit, business and mechanical shoppers. The proposed calculation in this methodology limits the expense caused by clients while considering clients' individual inclinations for the heaps by setting needs and favored time interims for load planning","PeriodicalId":434025,"journal":{"name":"Urbanism eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122591243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Complex Interactions Between Cities and Nature","authors":"Dani Broitman, D. Czamanski, Marina Toger","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3868382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3868382","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Proximity to nature is highly valued by urbanites. They demonstrate higher willingness to pay for housing at locations near open and green spaces. But, nature in cities can generate negative externalities as well. The aim of this paper is to present the complex relationship between nature and cities and the possible negative influence of urban nature on property prices. Methodology/Approach: The data presented in this paper include open spaces, the presence of wild animals and residential property values in Haifa, Israel. These data were analyzed to uncover spatial regularities and basic statistical relationships. Findings: The results reveal the expected presence of dominant positive externalities related to proximity to open and green areas. However, in certain areas and under certain circumstances, the nuisances generated by the presence of wild animals in close proximity to housing are correlated with lower property prices. Research Limitation/implication: We demonstrate in this paper that that there is a complex relationship between nature and cities, albeit focusing our analysis on large mammals in cities only. Disentangling positive and negative externalities of urban nature is a challenging task. The paper presents an example of the potential difficulties that need to be dealt with in such analysis. Originality/Value of paper: Through the case study, we show that there are good reasons to believe that there are both positive and negative externalities of nature in cities. To our best knowledge, attempts to disentangle both types of effects using property values do not exist in the literature.","PeriodicalId":434025,"journal":{"name":"Urbanism eJournal","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132081062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}