Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development最新文献

Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species of Nepal: Smart Foods for Uncertain Future 尼泊尔被忽视和未充分利用的作物物种:不确定未来的智能食品

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Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.3126/aej.v24i01.58189

Toyanath Joshi, Ram Parsad Mainali, Sabina Bhandari, Prashiksha Acharya, Krishna Hari Ghimire

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Late Sown Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under High Temperature Stress Conditions 晚播小麦(Triticum aestium L.)评价高温胁迫条件下的基因型

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Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.3126/aej.v24i01.58076

Suman Bohara, Basistha Acharya, Surakshya Bohora, Jharana Upadhyaya

{"title":"Assessment of Late Sown Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under High Temperature Stress Conditions","authors":"Suman Bohara, Basistha Acharya, Surakshya Bohora, Jharana Upadhyaya","doi":"10.3126/aej.v24i01.58076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v24i01.58076","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, climate change has led to an increase in extreme weather conditions, including high-temperature stress. High temperature stress is the term for an increase in temperature (> 30°C) following anthesis during grain development. Wheat is particularly vulnerable to high temperature stress, and its productivity is severely affected. With the objective of identifying wheat genotypes tolerant to heat stress in terms of grain yield, a total of fifty wheat genotypes were evaluated under heat stress conditions at Directorate of Agricultural Research, Lumbini Province, Khajura, Banke in 2021/22. There was highly significant difference (<0.001) among genotypes for yield. The association between the grain yield (GY) and the biomass yield (BM), thousand grain weight (TGW), and spike number per meter square (SPMS), was highly significant and positive. The highest harvest index value of 0.59 and the highest grain yield were achieved from 20HTWYT#36 (4133 kg/ha), followed by Bandganga (3992 kg/ha), 20HTWYT#23 (3978 kg/ha), 20HTWYT#11 (3943 kg/ha), and 20HTWYT#05 (3758 kg/ha) exhibiting higher tolerance to high temperature stress and indicating the potential for this genotypes to be used as domain specific varieties suitable for heat stress conditions of Banke district and forbreeding climate resilient varieties in the future.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73431105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Altitude on Adult Emergence, Pupal Mortality and Adult Sex Ratio of Chinese Citrus Fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera:Tephritidae) 海拔对柑桔小实蝇成虫羽化、蛹死亡率及成虫性比的影响(双翅目:蝗科)

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Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.3126/aej.v24i01.58132

Bipin Karki, R. B. Thapa, Debraj Adhikari, Bhola Gautam, Amrita Shedai

{"title":"Effect of Altitude on Adult Emergence, Pupal Mortality and Adult Sex Ratio of Chinese Citrus Fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera:Tephritidae)","authors":"Bipin Karki, R. B. Thapa, Debraj Adhikari, Bhola Gautam, Amrita Shedai","doi":"10.3126/aej.v24i01.58132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v24i01.58132","url":null,"abstract":"Problems of Chinese Citrus Fly (CCF), Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) in citrus orchards have been increasing in Nepal. The reason behind the failure in CCF control is the lack of a clear and thorough understanding of the adult emergence period in different altitudes. Therefore, the pupae of CCF were collected from the soil below the infested sweet orange trees in Sunapati Rural Municipality, Ramechhap, Nepal and reared in containers of height 5 cm and diameter 6 cm (10 pupae per container) in randomized complete block design selecting different locations as treatments, viz. 1247 masl (Bethan), 1354 masl (Nagsiwa), 1443 masl (Aarukharka), 1561 masl (Sadi), 1650 masl (Dimipokhari) replicating four times. Early peak emergences of adult CCF (four weeks earlier in 4th week of April) occurred at lower altitudes as compared to the higher altitudes (in 4th week of May), where peak-emergence was recorded. Male: female ratio (range 1.05-1.37) did not differ significantly at different altitudes, while pupal mortality (25%) was found to be the highest in upper elevations. The study concludes that fly management strategy should be made according to the date of emergence at least two weeks earlier at lower elevations than in higher elevations.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83703672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time of Harvest as the Determinant of Dry Matter Productivity and Chemical Composition of Field Pea (Pisum sativum) and Oat (Avena sativa) and their Mixture in the Abandoned Lands of Subtropical Terai Nepal 尼泊尔特赖亚热带撂荒地豌豆和燕麦及其混合物干物质生产力和化学成分的决定因素:收获时间

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Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.3126/aej.v24i01.58200

S. Barsila, Ram Bahadur Bogati, Dawa Tshiring Tamang

{"title":"Time of Harvest as the Determinant of Dry Matter Productivity and Chemical Composition of Field Pea (Pisum sativum) and Oat (Avena sativa) and their Mixture in the Abandoned Lands of Subtropical Terai Nepal","authors":"S. Barsila, Ram Bahadur Bogati, Dawa Tshiring Tamang","doi":"10.3126/aej.v24i01.58200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v24i01.58200","url":null,"abstract":"The grass-legume mixture formulation is an important criterion to improve biomass availability with an improved balance of the nutritive components. The objective ofthis reseach was to determine the yield and forage quality traits (green fodder yield, dry matter yield) and chemical composition (protein, fibre and mineral contents) of field pea (Pisum sativum) and oat (Avena sativa) and their mixtures under subtropical conditions. The experiment was performed over 4 months (December 2018 to March 2019) at Agriculture and Forestry University Livestock Farm, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, using four different treatment mixture rates of pea and oat crops. Treatments were; treatment-1 - 100% Pea+0% Oat, treatment-2 - 75% Pea+25% Oat, treatment-3 -50% Pea+50% Oat and treatment-4 - 25% Pea+75% Oat) and samples were collected in three different cutting stages (the jointing stage of oat, the stage oat in scabbard and milk dough stage of oat). The plant height was affected by the growing days while the tillers and branches in peas respectively were affected by both the time of harvest and the seed proportions. According to the results, it is suggested that the highest dry matter productivity was observed in 75% pea mix with 25% oat in the 3rd harvest, followed by 75% oat mix with 25% pea in the 3rd harvest. As well as, within intercrops, the best protein yield was obtained in a 50% oat mix with 50% pea (16.73%) at 1st harvest oat-pea intercropping. Besides, the pea + oat mixture should be harvested at the milk-dough stage of oat for better protein content and to increase the nutritive value of forage.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83853749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adoption of Improved Management Practices of Sugarcane in Bara and Nawalparasi Districts 在Bara和Nawalparasi地区采用改进的甘蔗管理做法

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Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.3126/aej.v24i01.57865

Anuma Bhattarai, U. Sigdel, P. Dhital, Ram Krishna Shrestha, Srijana Timilsina

{"title":"Adoption of Improved Management Practices of Sugarcane in Bara and Nawalparasi Districts","authors":"Anuma Bhattarai, U. Sigdel, P. Dhital, Ram Krishna Shrestha, Srijana Timilsina","doi":"10.3126/aej.v24i01.57865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v24i01.57865","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural technologies have an important role to improve productivity as well as the quality of the crops.However, the adoption of improved technology has remained poor for sugarcane in Nepal. A research was conducted in Bara and Nawalparasi (Bardhaghat Susta west (BSw)) district of Nepal with a sample for 120 sugarcane growing farmers in the year 2019 to assess adoption of improved management practices of sugarcane. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to of improved management practices among farmers. Respondents were grouped into two categories, high adopter and medium adopter based on adoption index of each farmer. The average Adoption Index (AI) value obtained was 0.685. Around fortywere high adopters. The use of credit, ownership of agri-machine, and participation. All variables had a positive relationship with the level of adoption of improved practices. The study revealed that farmers using credit, ownership of power-driven agri-machine, participation in crop related training increased the probability of farmer being high adopter. Agricultural machinery services, easy and cheap credit facilities and, easy access to extension services can help to increase in adoption of improved practices by sugarcane farmer.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89533863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Different Weed Management Practices on the Yield of Spring Maize in Gauradaha, Jhapa 不同杂草管理措施对贾巴高拉达哈春玉米产量的影响

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Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.3126/aej.v24i01.58177

Rumita Limbu Sanwa, Karishma Khanal, Shwastika Baral, Goma Dhital

{"title":"Evaluation of Different Weed Management Practices on the Yield of Spring Maize in Gauradaha, Jhapa","authors":"Rumita Limbu Sanwa, Karishma Khanal, Shwastika Baral, Goma Dhital","doi":"10.3126/aej.v24i01.58177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v24i01.58177","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is more likely to have weed infestations due to its steady early growth rate and extensive row spacing, which favor weed development even before crop emergence. As a result, there prevails strong correlation between weed density and maize yield. An experiment was conducted at the Gauradaha Agriculture Campus, Jhapa, in the spring of 2022 to assess the effect of various weed control methods on maize yield. The experiment had three replications and eight treatments (control, cover crops, hand weeding at intervals of 15 days, botanical weedicides, inorganic weedicides, black plastic mulch, straw mulch, and small inter-row spacing). The number of cobs per hectare, sterility%, and shelling% were not significantly affected by various treatments. The use of black plastic mulching for weed management achieved significantly higher numbers of grain/cob (427.83), row/cob (13.40), weight of grain/cob (153.33gm), test weight, and yield (8.46t/ha). Similarly, the lowest test weight was recorded in T8 (111), i.e., the small inter-row spacing plot. While the lowest yield was observed in T4, i.e., botanical weedicides (3.20). This study found that plastic mulching had a positive impact on the majority of yield and yield-attributing indicators in spring maize, which could be helpful in weed-control strategies.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74296142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Supply Chain and Fish Marketing in Nawalparasi (East), Nepal 尼泊尔纳瓦尔帕拉斯(东部)的供应链和鱼类营销分析

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Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.3126/aej.v24i01.57889

Mina Mahatara, Punam G.C.

{"title":"Analysis of Supply Chain and Fish Marketing in Nawalparasi (East), Nepal","authors":"Mina Mahatara, Punam G.C.","doi":"10.3126/aej.v24i01.57889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v24i01.57889","url":null,"abstract":"Study was conducted during October 2021 to November 2021, to investigate the supply chain, present market situation, marketing constrains, marketing margins, and the consumer’s behavior and purchasing pattern towards the fish in Nawalparasi (East) district of Nepal. Fish producers, traders and consumers were surveyed through semi-structure questionnaire. Five fish Producers, eight wholesalers, twelve retailers and twenty consumers were randomly surveyed. Among 20 traders majority of the traders belonging to the Madhesi and Tharu community. Finding of the study revealed that fish trading almost dominated by male (84%). All the respondents involved in fish trading more than 30 years old. there was no specific marketing channel used by the farmers, 55.65% of total fish produce is sold to the wholesalers, 32.49% to the retailers and 11.86% is sold to the customers directly by the fish farmers. The marketing margin of Nepalese live fish Rohu and Common Carp was higher than other species of fish in the Nawalparasi (East). Nepali fish Rohu and common carp fetch highest price Rs 425/kg and Pangasius fetch lowest price Rs. 280/kg. Nepalese fish were mostly packed in plastic crates and transported by pick up van. Indian average fish sizes were 2.91 kg and Nepali average fish sizes were 1.91 kg. Among the major carp species; the most preferred one by the consumers was Rohu followed by Bhakur.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90539106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth Performance of Live Fish Feed: Artemia salina in Different Supplemental Feeds in Aquarium Culture 水族养殖中不同添加饲料对活鱼饲料生长性能的影响

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Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.3126/aej.v24i01.58181

Nabin Khadka, Raksha Khadka, Ram Bhajan Mandal, Ashok Adhikari

{"title":"Growth Performance of Live Fish Feed: Artemia salina in Different Supplemental Feeds in Aquarium Culture","authors":"Nabin Khadka, Raksha Khadka, Ram Bhajan Mandal, Ashok Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/aej.v24i01.58181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v24i01.58181","url":null,"abstract":"Artemia is an excellent live feed for newly hatched fish and crustaceans gained a unique position in the aquaculture system. Brine shrimp is a non-selective filter feeder, so different locally available source feeds should be evaluated as potential food source for their control mass culturing. The experiment was carried out to study the effect of different supplement feeds on the growth performance of Artemia at Central Fisheries Promotion and Conservation Centre, Baalaju, Kathmandu from December 2021 to February 2022. The experiment was carried out in complete randomized design (CRD) with four treatments, each treatment consisting four replications. Four treatments consist different combination of supplement feed i.e., T1: (spirulina + rice bran), T2: (soyabean + rice bran), T3: (Mustard oilcake + rice bran), T4: (Yeast + rice bran). All supplement feed contains 25% CP and feed diet was supplied by 2% of body weight. In terms of growth and yield performance parameters, significant effect was recorded on average length, individual weight and total biomass. Also, significant effect was recorded on survivability and density. However, no significant effect was recorded on CP content of Artemia biomass. T1 recorded the maximum average length (8.7±0.21 mm), individual weight (0.0028±0.0001 gm), and biomass (1.79±0.069 gm/L) whereas lowest average length (7±0.08 mm), individual weight (0.0013±0.0002 gm) and biomass (0.61±0.005 gm) was recorded in T4. Also, T1 recorded the maximum density (633.8±3.62), and survivability (70.8±0.5) whereas lowest density(467.9±4.26) and survivability (58.0±1,71) found in T4. Hence it can be concluded that the combination of spirulina and rice bran was best supplement diet and can be applied in the cultivation of Artemia for best growth performance and biomass Production in aquarium condition.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85000457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Appraisal of Farm Mechanization and Farmer’s Field Practice of Maize Farming at Lamahi Municipality, Dang, Nepal 尼泊尔党拉马伊市玉米农业机械化与农民田间实践评价

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Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.3126/aej.v24i01.58071

Prabhat Jha, S. Marahatta

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Screenhouse Evaluation of the Fungicides and Bio-Control Agents for the Management of Fusarium Wilt (Foc Race 1) of Banana in Nepal 尼泊尔香蕉枯萎病1型杀菌剂和生物防治剂筛选评价

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Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.3126/aej.v24i01.58195

B. Pant, P. B. Magar, C. Manandhar, S. Manandhar, Ram Bahadur Khadka, Pratiksha Sharma, Ganga G.C., Suraj Baidya

{"title":"Screenhouse Evaluation of the Fungicides and Bio-Control Agents for the Management of Fusarium Wilt (Foc Race 1) of Banana in Nepal","authors":"B. Pant, P. B. Magar, C. Manandhar, S. Manandhar, Ram Bahadur Khadka, Pratiksha Sharma, Ganga G.C., Suraj Baidya","doi":"10.3126/aej.v24i01.58195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v24i01.58195","url":null,"abstract":"Banana is affected by a wide number of diseases, of which, Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense has played a major role in devastating Malbhog (Silk) banana plantations in Nepal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the commonly available fungicides (Carbendazim 50%, Fenamidone 10%+ Mancozeb 50%, Chlorothalonil and biocontrol agents (Trichoderma sps., Bacillus thuringiensis and Pseudomonas species) for their efficacy against Foc. The effectiveness of fungicides and biocontrol agents to Foc was examined in screenhouse. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications and eight treatments. Among the chemicals, the most effective fungicide to reduce Fusarium wilt severity (root disease) was Bavistin with an efficacy of 55.33% followed by Sectin 46.33% and Chlorothalonil 35%. Similarly, maximum efficacy over control was recorded in Trichoderma harzianum with 41% and lowest was 32% in Pseudomonas sp. In the case of leaf disease, the lowest severity was 21.33% recorded in Bavistin and highest was 40.33% in Chlorothalonil. Similarly, among biocontrol agents, the lowest severity was found in Bacillus thuringiensis whereas highest was found in Trichoderma viride. A Suppression of disease by biocontrol agents might be due to their fungicidal activity, which means they produce a variety of antifungal compounds. These compounds induce plant defense mechanisms. Further field evaluations of the fungicides and biocontrol agents are required to determine if the effect observed in the screenhouse can be integrated into field management of Fusarium wilt.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90985004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0