Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie最新文献

Historical Sociology of Unfreedom? 不自由的历史社会学?

Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-368-375

Oleg Kil'dyushov

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Magic, Debauchery and… Translations 魔法，放荡和…翻译

Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-350-355

Alexander Marey

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Human-Machine Interdependence Beyond Ai Development: the Case of Bitcoin 超越人工智能发展的人机相互依赖:以比特币为例

Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-263-286

Andrey Rezaev, Natalia Tregubova

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Carl Schmitt's “Tyranny of Values” in the Context of the Debate on the Nature of Constitutional Rights 卡尔·施密特的“价值暴政”在宪法权利本质之争的语境下

Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-96-124

Viacheslav Kondurov

{"title":"Carl Schmitt's “Tyranny of Values” in the Context of the Debate on the Nature of Constitutional Rights","authors":"Viacheslav Kondurov","doi":"10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-96-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-96-124","url":null,"abstract":"Discussions about the nature of constitutional rights set out in the Constitution emerged in post-war Germany in the late 1950s and early 1960s, triggered by the judgement of the German Federal Constitutional Court in the so-called “Lüth case”. In this judgement, for the first time, the Court clearly articulated the position that fundamental rights are an objective value system that extends its legal force to all branches of law, including civil law. One of the fiercest critics of the Court decision was Ernst Forsthoff, a disciple of Carl Schmitt. In a series of articles, he attacked the “value” legal interpretation, pointing out that it leads not only to the destruction of the legal method and the loss of jurisprudence autonomy, but also to changes in the institutional structure of the state. E. Forsthoff’s criticism was predominantly juridical, focusing on the actual law enforcement, as well as on the theoretical-legal origins of value interpretation which he found in R. Smend’s “integration theory”. In contrast, C. Schmitt, in Tyranny of Values, practically omitted legal arguments and attacked the philosophical basis of the German Court’s position. Relying on M. Weber, the German legal scholar attempted to demonstrate that the adoption of value interpretation by constitutional justice means the direct application of values, which destroys the rule of law. Despite the different trends of criticism, the conclusions reached by E. Forsthoff and C. Schmitt show a significant similarity in that both call for the autonomy of legal science and a return to the formal legal state.","PeriodicalId":43314,"journal":{"name":"Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135506165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The “Orthodox Belt” on Russia’s Electoral Map in 2011–2021 2011-2021年俄罗斯选举地图上的“正统带

Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-172-195

Andrey Scherbak

{"title":"The “Orthodox Belt” on Russia’s Electoral Map in 2011–2021","authors":"Andrey Scherbak","doi":"10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-172-195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-172-195","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the relationship between Orthodox religiosity and voting in Russia in 2011–2021. Using the theoretical framework of de-secularization from above which claims that church structures play a key role in the religious renaissance policy, we argue that the rise of the political influence of the ROC (Russian Orthodox Church) may be explained by its capacity for the dissemination of traditional values that ultimately results in votes for United Russia and President Vladimir Putin in national elections. This study reveals the emergence of a new area on Russia’s political map, that of the Orthodox belt, which combines higher levels of Orthodox religiosity and pro-Kremlin voting in national elections. Using multiple empirical strategies, we construct an index of religiosity on the regional level and identify the Orthodox Belt regions, test the relationship between Orthodox religiosity and voting in the national elections in 2011–2018, and test the differences in value orientations and electoral support between the Orthodox Belt regions and others. We conclude that non-Orthodox Belt regions in Russia with higher Orthodox religiosity, conservatism, and loyalty are an emerging trend in the Russian political geography.","PeriodicalId":43314,"journal":{"name":"Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135505397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The “Tyranny of Values” as the “will to Power”: on the Genealogy and Effects of Value Discourse in Justice 作为“权力意志”的“价值暴政”:论正义中价值话语的谱系及其影响

Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-125-146

Elena Timoshina

{"title":"The “Tyranny of Values” as the “will to Power”: on the Genealogy and Effects of Value Discourse in Justice","authors":"Elena Timoshina","doi":"10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-125-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-125-146","url":null,"abstract":"K. Schmitt’s essay “The Tyranny of Values” helps to clarify the genealogy and effects of the value turn in justice. The first part of the article explains the differences between the traditional judicial method, which operates with norms and the way judges deal with values. It is noted that judges’ methods of dealing with values are hermetic and irrational. The second part substantiates that the main object of Schmitt’s criticism was F. Nietzsche’s metaphysics of values in the analysis of which he follows M. Heidegger. Schmitt notes such a property of values as their subjective significance, as well as the interrelated punctuality and perspectivism of value thinking conditioning its aggressiveness. He omits the reference to the connection of value thinking with the Nietzschean concept of the will to power, but the assumption of such a connection is necessary to explain the aggressiveness of the logic of values. In the third part, several cases from case law of the European Court of Human Rights are presented. It is shown that the Court determines the value of an act of behavior not by correlating it with legally valid norms, but voluntarily. It is this mode of the judicial resolution of cases that Schmitt called the terror of the automatic realization of values unmediated by norms. In conclusion, it is noted that Schmitt’s essay points with varying degrees of clarity to the three implications of value discourse in justice, those of the methodological, political-institutional, and ethical.","PeriodicalId":43314,"journal":{"name":"Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135505399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Cathectic Mechanisms of Culture. Part 1 文化的传导机制。第1部分

Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-9-52

Dmitry Kurakin

{"title":"Cathectic Mechanisms of Culture. Part 1","authors":"Dmitry Kurakin","doi":"10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-9-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-9-52","url":null,"abstract":"The first part of the article introduces a new research program that focuses on the constitutive role of emotions, affect, and their intensity in meaning-making. It opposes the existing broad tradition that effectively posits culture as information and sees cultural processes as coding, transferring, and processing information. I suggest that such a “cybernetic” paradigm of culture stems from the implicit or explicit domination of the computational models of cognition in sociology. However, current progress in cognitive neuroscience and its theoretical comprehension makes these models inadequate. The ongoing shift to distributed models of cognition calls for an adjustment of the concept of culture regarding its “vertical”, emotional dimension. Instead of seeing emotions as an “amplifier” of pre-existing cultural meanings or as a “fuel” of social processes, we should see emotions as an ingredient of an emergent synthesis that creates culture. The first part of the article introduces a historical-sociological reconstruction of theories recognizing an integral emotional dimension of culture; this is opposed to the entire sub-discipline of the sociology of emotions that broadly describes the mutual influences between social life and emotions as a human psychic trait. In the context of the ongoing debates about a cognitive turn in sociology, this historical-sociological reconstruction allows me to build a Durkheimian theory of cathectic mechanisms of culture based on the re-interpretation of the Freudian concept of cathexis. The article also contains the basic principles and implications of the sociological theory of cathexis.","PeriodicalId":43314,"journal":{"name":"Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135505886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retroactive Categorizations, or Post-Coloniality as Condition 追溯分类，或后殖民状态

Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-53-74

Vladimir Malakhov

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Evolution of the Hofstede Model of Cultural Dimensions: Parallels Between Objective and Subjective Culture Hofstede文化维度模型的演变:客观文化与主观文化的相似之处

Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-287-317

Mikhail Minkov, Boris Sokolov, Ilya Lomakin

{"title":"Evolution of the Hofstede Model of Cultural Dimensions: Parallels Between Objective and Subjective Culture","authors":"Mikhail Minkov, Boris Sokolov, Ilya Lomakin","doi":"10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-287-317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-287-317","url":null,"abstract":"Some 40 years ago, the Dutch social scientist Geert Hofstede laid the foundations of the science of modern cultural comparisons and created the most popular model of national culture that is still in use today across the world. Meanwhile, numerous issues with that model have been identified and the need for a thorough revision has become obvious. This article briefly explains Hofstede’s model and its issues and summarizes the existing revisions of it, resulting in a new, simpler, and more robust Minkov-Hofstede model. This new version explains a wide range of differences in national indicators, such as transparency-corruption, gender equality, road death tolls and industrial fatalities, educational achievement, violent crime, adolescent fertility, family structure, and innovation rates, to name just a few. These indicators form a pattern that is similar to the new Minkov-Hofstede model and can be explained through similar theories. This is evidence that subjective culture (what people think and feel) has a mirror image in objective culture (what people do). The new Minkov-Hofstede model can be applied to countries, as well as to some sub-national units such as US states.","PeriodicalId":43314,"journal":{"name":"Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135505879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why Do Citizens Trust the Government? The Origins of Political Trust in Modern Russia 为什么公民信任政府?近代俄罗斯政治信任的起源

Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-196-218

Ruslan Mukhametov

{"title":"Why Do Citizens Trust the Government? The Origins of Political Trust in Modern Russia","authors":"Ruslan Mukhametov","doi":"10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-196-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-196-218","url":null,"abstract":"Political trust is central to the study of political regimes. The level of public support for a government or party is one of the most important indicators of political legitimacy and stability. The article examines the quantitative indicators of the influence of socio-psychological, civic, institutional, and informational factors on political trust. The purpose of the study was to understand the factors influencing trust in the Russian government. The analysis was based on data from the sociological survey of the 7th wave of the World Values Survey (2017-2022). Using the Russian data set, the authors assessed the impact of interpersonal and general trust, involvement in non-profit and non-governmental organizations, citizens’ perceptions of their financial situation, security and corruption, and watching TV news on trust in government institutions. This study shows that high levels of interpersonal and societal trust have a positive impact on political trust. This study proposes and confirms the hypothesis that watching political television programs improves trust in the government. The article complements existing empirical studies on institutional trust and adapts well-known theories explaining the origin of trust to the Russian political context.","PeriodicalId":43314,"journal":{"name":"Sociologiceskoe Obozrenie","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135505882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0