{"title":"\"Much Might Be Said on Both Sides\": Mr. Spectator in Sir Roger de Coverley's Worcestershire","authors":"Hilary Teynor Donatini","doi":"10.1215/00982601-8793912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-8793912","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Sir Roger de Coverley, representative of the landed gentry in The Spectator, is typically read as a lovable, old-fashioned eccentric and comic object. Closer attention to the series of essays set in and around Sir Roger's Worcestershire estate—especially numbers 117, 122, and 130—reveals that the baronet's work as a justice of the peace stimulates Mr. Spectator's moral development. Sir Roger's intimate relationships with his inferiors and his quasi-familial approach to problem-solving challenge Mr. Spectator's worldview, allowing Addison and Steele to express their ideas through an interplay of voices. Mr. Spectator's evolving first-person perspective, animated by the loose, ad hoc structures of the justice's work, where determining the beginning and ending of a legal action is often difficult, clarifies Sir Roger's exemplary functions in the text. This essay argues that The Spectator functions as a provocative inquiry into ideology rather than a vehicle for Whiggish politics through a narrative point of view that responds to the characters and settings it encounters, most significantly the figure of the country magistrate. The Spectator's adoption of the magistrate's structures of judgment elucidates the role of the rural justice of the peace in eighteenthcentury English society and law.","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"4 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87842159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The First Information Age: Women and the Making of the English Literary Canon","authors":"S. Carlile","doi":"10.1215/00982601-8794011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-8794011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"13 3 1","pages":"121 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85560545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When History Caught Up with Historians: Biographies of Contemporaries in Encyclopedias, 1674 to 1750","authors":"J. Loveland","doi":"10.1215/00982601-8793934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-8793934","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Thanks in part to the influence of Friedrich Brockhaus's Konversations-Lexikon, a German encyclopedia inaugurated in 1796, biographies of the living had become unremarkable in Europe's encyclopedias by the early nineteenth century. Today, they are pervasive. Between 1674 and 1750, they remained rare and controversial in the alphabetical ancestors of the modern encyclopedia. In this article, I explain why, and show how encyclopedists' practices evolved in the period in which the historical dictionary and other alphabetical proto-encyclopedias burst onto the European literary scene, that is, the late seventeenth century and the first half of the eighteenth. I begin by exploring early encyclopedists' motives for not treating the living. My second section then examines the most influential historical dictionaries as well as the encyclopedia that best covered the living, tracking how practices regarding contemporary biographies evolved. Finally, I consider some of the broader social and cultural changes, both internal and external to the history of encyclopedia-making, that are reflected in encyclopedias' growing coverage of the living and the recently deceased.","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"50 1","pages":"47 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73895189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Swift, Secret History, and War","authors":"M. Rabb","doi":"10.1215/00982601-8718644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-8718644","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:\"Swift, Secret History, and War\" argues that the relationship between Swift's writing, reading, and his abiding interest in the English Civil Wars produced a distinctive contribution to the discourses that arose after the reestablishment of monarchy, called \"secret histories.\" These narratives claim to expose clandestine acts, to pull away veils that hide petty motives, and to expose abuses underlying the exercise of power. In Swift's work, however, the impulse to dig up embarrassing or disillusioning secrets serves yet another purpose; it allows more painful realities to remain buried and thus provides a means of displacing, postponing, and avoiding direct confrontation with the devastation caused by war. The following discussion identifies and analyzes some of the ways in which traumatic conflict—especially within a nation in which neighbor has fought neighbor—requires indirection, delayed response, and the transference of the burden of representation onto succeeding generations. Literature can play a crucial role in the process of displacement when human history has proven (as Gulliver's Houyhnhnm master observes) \"capable of such Enormities, … worse than Brutality itself.\" Swift's distinctive deployment of secret history's strategies allows an ironic historian a mechanism to look directly at and disclose some of the follies and vices of his culture, but also to remain cognizant, at some level, of what remains buried under \"the heap\" of a traumatic past.","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"10 1","pages":"30 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78349705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Civil Rage: Poetry and War in the 1740s","authors":"Thomas Keymer","doi":"10.1215/00982601-8718633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-8718633","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay approaches the Jacobite rising of 1745–46 as constituting, by most Enlightenment and modern definitions, a civil war, and considers the implications for poems written during or soon after the rising by William Collins, Hester Mulso (later Chapone), Tobias Smollett, and others. Classical tropes of civil war are among the literary features structuring these poems, which often take the form, more specifically, of odes, exploiting the formal capacity of the ode to dramatize internal division. Roman concepts of bellum civile and \"Intestine Wars\" (Pope's Pharsalian expression from Windsor-Forest) are obviously to the fore. So, more interestingly, are the Athenian syntagmata recently emphasized by Nicole Loraux and, following her, Giorgio Agamben: stasis emphylos, an internecine conflict particular to the phylon, to lineage or blood kinship; haima homaimon, the murder of a blood relation, literally blood of the same blood; oikeios polemos, war within the household or among kinsmen. The common thread is the notion of murderous familial breach as a way of catching the paradox and horror of civil conflict while also indicating possible grounds of future reconciliation.","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"72 1","pages":"29 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89328563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mary Shelley and the Monstrosity of War: Frankenstein and the Post-Waterloo Politics of Life","authors":"Neil Ramsey","doi":"10.1215/00982601-8718677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-8718677","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Although Frankenstein has long been read in relation to revolutionary politics, there has been little specific discussion of the themes of suffering and the trauma of war in the novel, concerns that were central to much of Mary Shelley's writing. Taking inspiration from Ahmed Saadawi's acclaimed Frankenstein in Baghdad (2014), which explicitly rewrites Shelley's novel as a war story, this article draws on recent rereadings of Romanticism that focus on the atmospherics and trauma of war, to examine how Frankenstein can be considered a postwar novel. In particular, it follows Carl Freedman's discussion of Shelley's novel as proto-science fiction that emerges in the same postwar historical matrix that informed historical novels such as Sir Walter Scott's Waverley (1814). However, where the historical novel, in Georg Lukács's reading, describes the wartime poetic awakening of the people in terms of the march of progress and development of the \"inner life\" of the nation, Frankenstein offers a different vision of awakening life by turning the novel, as Sara Guyer claims, toward biopolitical concerns with the organization of life and death. In Frankenstein, the wartime awakening of the people is entangled with estrangement, monstrosity. and suffering. The novel appeared in a postwar world of ruins, dismembered bodies, and revenants that formed around a newly heightened awareness of the living forces and traumas that compose war.","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"82 1","pages":"118 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83954360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conflicted Representations: Language, Lexicography, and Johnson's \"Langscape\" of War","authors":"L. Mugglestone","doi":"10.1215/00982601-8718666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-8718666","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Books, as Samuel Johnson stated in 1754 in his Dictionary of the English Language neared completion, always exert \"a secret influence on the understanding\" so that the reader is informed in both overt and covert ways. Reference works, he stressed, were no exception. As this essay explores, Johnson's precepts prove equally illuminating for his own work, and his representations of war and conflict. On one level, his Dictionary of 1755 is a source of formal exposition in which the meaning of war is anatomized across a range of entries. On another, those who consult its pages are presented with war as an ethical or socio-moral problem, freighted with meanings of a very different kind.","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"14 1","pages":"75 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82369852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}