B. Mahafza, S. Welstead, D. Champagne, R. Manadhar, T. Worthington, S. Campbell
{"title":"Real-time radar signal simulation for the ground based radar for national missile defense","authors":"B. Mahafza, S. Welstead, D. Champagne, R. Manadhar, T. Worthington, S. Campbell","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.677978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.677978","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a digital radar signal simulation which operates in real-time to provide full closed-loop operation of the tactical signal processing and data processing hardware and software components of the ground based radar-prototype (GBR-P) in support of national missile defense (NMD). This real-time simulation provides the capability to evaluate the radar software performance, flight test pre-mission analysis, and radar key algorithms verification and validation. The simulation is called \"Real-Time Target Complex Generator (RT-TCG)\". It currently generates in-phase and quadrature (I and Q) digital data, at the base-band center frequency in three monopulse channels (sum, alpha, beta). These digital signals duplicate the output of the analog-to-digital (A/D) converter of the receiver/exciter (REX) component of the radar. The unique aspect of this simulation is that it operates in full communication with the signal processing and data processing components of an actual tactical radar system. All of the real-time messaging of the tactical system is preserved, so the software controlling the radar, performing functions such as scheduling and tracking, operates as though it is in communication with the actual antenna and REX hardware.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"518 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124479091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An approach for utilizing known terrain and land feature data in estimation of the clutter covariance matrix","authors":"D. Weiner, G. Capraro, M. Wicks","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678032","url":null,"abstract":"The secondary data for estimation of the clutter covariance matrix in space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is normally obtained from range rings in the vicinity of the test range ring. The assumption is that near-by range rings are representative. However, this is not always true. A clutter model is developed and the condition necessary for obtaining a good estimate of the clutter covariance matrix are discussed. A theoretical basis for choosing reference rings which contain clutter patches that are equivalent to one or two patches within the test range ring is provided. A proposal for using a priori map data to classify clutter patches based upon the type of features contained within them is presented. It is conjectured that patches with equivalent classifications will have representative radar returns. An application to post Doppler radar processing is presented.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125000410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and results of the 1995 Yuma ground penetration SAR measurements","authors":"J. Jao, C.F. Lee, S. Ayasli, E. J. Haywiser","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678010","url":null,"abstract":"In July and October 1995, a large-scale airborne SAR experiment was conducted in Yuma Proving Ground, Yuma, Arizona to investigate ground penetration radar phenomenology and buried target detection. This paper describes the Yuma experiment and measurement results for many tactical, utility, and environmental targets deployed in the test.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128452912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automated mapping and feature extraction using high resolution interferometric synthetic aperture radar data","authors":"R. Carande, M. Marra, D. Cronin, P. Nagy","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678011","url":null,"abstract":"Two-antenna interferometric SAR instruments acquire SAR data in such a manner that the signals may be combined and processed to extract the elevation of each pixel. In addition to providing a high resolution topographic map of the area, this allows for geometric rectification and automatic map projection of the SAR image. The interferometric coherence may be used to assist in land-use classification which can be further exploited for assisting in automated feature detection and extraction. This paper describes and demonstrates algorithms suitable for automatic generation of map products from interferometric SAR data. The software automatically extracts map elements including land-use polygons, transportation networks, and other features such as buildings, power and communication distribution networks. In addition, estimation of bald earth topography is possible by removing the elevation of features which lie on the surface such as buildings and trees. We present brief algorithmic descriptions and initial results of software designed to rapidly and automatically produce map elements and output map products from input IFSAR data.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127965036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CFAR coherent radar detection against K-distributed clutter plus thermal noise","authors":"P. Lombardo, D. Pastina, T. Bucciarelli","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.677989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.677989","url":null,"abstract":"The paper shows the non-CFAR characteristic of the asymptotically optimum detector (AOD), when applied to a mixture of K-distributed clutter plus thermal noise, as the target Doppler frequency is varied. The upper bound to the performance against such composite disturbance is investigated by considering an ideal-AOD detector, which assumes a knowledge of the local clutter power in the cell under test. A practical scheme is obtained by replacing the known local power value with its estimate. The resulting detection scheme, named locally adaptive-AOD (LA-AOD) shows a proper CFAR characteristic, but yields strong detection losses in the same Doppler frequency region where the original AOD operates effectively with CFAR. Finally, a combined detector, Comb-AOD, is proposed, which uses the benefits of both the AOD and LA-AOD structures, and its detection performance is fully characterized as the clutter spikiness and correlation vary.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133216268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and evaluation of a real time SAR ATR system","authors":"M. Greenspan, L. Pham, N. Tardella","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.677974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.677974","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the development, testing, and subsequent flight demonstration of a real-time automatic target detection and cueing (ATD/C) system implemented in a single R5000-based Silicon Graphics/sup TM/ IRIX workstation coupled to a modified ultra-high resolution SAR version of the AN/APG-76 multi-mode strike fighter radar system with a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) signal processor. The ATD/C system, operating at an input pixel rate in excess of 250,000 picture elements per second, was able to correctly detect and classify several types of armored military vehicles located among natural and cultural clutter that included other non-target vehicles. Measured false alarm rates were consistent with expectations and detection rates were deemed adequate to reliably detect and recognize typical tactical vehicle deployments. The program clearly demonstrated the feasibility of a fighter-cockpit-based ATR system.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134583717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Range dependent target scattering in the intermediate-zone","authors":"M. L. Hastriter, P. Collins","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678033","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally radar cross section has been defined as a far-field parameter. This paper presents a first order methodology for modeling target scattering (equivalent target RCS) as a function of range. Developments in 3-D scattering center extraction technology provide a method for automated scattering center models to be extracted based on a given aspect angle, center frequency, and resolution. These far-field models can be used to accurately reconstruct the RCS at the extracted aspect angle. Extrapolation can be performed with respect to angle and frequency. Examples of reconstruction and angular extrapolation are given. These far-field 3-D models can be used to simulate range dependent RCS. Comparisons of range dependent data produced using the scattering center technique to baseline data sets are very favorable. This methodology provides significant advantages in areas such as data compression, efficient computation, and high fidelity target scattering simulation.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121893933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A model for determination of radome transmission, reflection, depolarization, loss, and effects on antenna patterns","authors":"R. McMillan, M. Wicks, G. Genello","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678026","url":null,"abstract":"Even though a radar antenna may be carefully designed to have low sidelobes and high radiation efficiency, a poorly designed radome can degrade its performance seriously. Degradation occurs both because of losses in the radome and by distortion in the antenna pattern as a result of deformation of the effective illumination pattern. In addition, radiation scattered from the radome may affect the radar performance by elevating antenna sidelobes, thus adding to the clutter that must be mitigated via signal processing. We present a method for analyzing radome performance and give examples of calculations showing transmission, reflection, loss, and antenna pattern effects for spherical and ogive radomes. The approach is sufficiently general for application to almost any radome shape.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131156448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive pre-suppression of jammers for STAP-based airborne surveillance radars","authors":"Yuhong Zhang, J. Maher, H. Chang, Hong Wang","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.677973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.677973","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents some new results on spatial adaptive pre-suppression (SAPS) of jammers for STAP-based airborne surveillance radars. The main contributions are: (1) two SAPS algorithms with a double sideband (DSB) technique for the acquisition of jammer-only data, and (2) an approximate formula for determining the requirement on the sidelobe level of the sum (/spl Sigma/)-beam for the class of sum-difference beam (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/)-STAP with SAPS. A performance evaluation shows that /spl Sigma//spl Delta/-STAP with the suggested DSB algorithms for SAPS performs well in the presence of both clutter and jammers, while the required antenna sidelobe level is practically reasonable.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131611412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive pulse-diverse radar/sonar waveform design","authors":"K.T. Wong","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.677985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.677985","url":null,"abstract":"This paper devises an adaptive pulse-diverse compression waveform design method: echoes from earlier pulses of the pulse train brought back target/jamming/Doppler information of the actual battlefield environment. The present scheme allows the use of this information to assign the relative criticality of various Doppler-delay regions with respect to the waveform ambiguity function. For example, the presence of strong clutter or jamming in a certain Doppler-delay region means that the waveform ambiguity function needs to have very low magnitude in that Doppler-delay region. Based on this adaptive criticality criterion, the compression waveform is designed in real time for the latter pulses in the same pulse train to fit the actual battlefield environment confronting the radar/sonar system.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123069132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}