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Polysubstance Use and Overdose Visualized via Maps: Opioids 多物质使用和过量通过地图可视化:阿片类药物
Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2022.134008
R. Raffa, Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr., Herm Cukier
{"title":"Polysubstance Use and Overdose Visualized via Maps: Opioids","authors":"R. Raffa, Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr., Herm Cukier","doi":"10.4236/pp.2022.134008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.134008","url":null,"abstract":"Polysubstance (combinations of substances) abuse and overdose deaths now surpass mono-substance abuse and overdose deaths. Several international and governmental organizations such as the WHO (World Health Organization), CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), several of the Institutes of the NIH (National Institutes of Health), Regulators, and Enforcement Agencies, among others, track and provide a valuable source of statistical information about drug (prescription and illicit) (mis)use and overdose. The information is disseminated free to stakeholders and the general public for use. Although the numeric presentations of the data are helpful and adequate for professionals, the non-expert and the visual learner often find visual re-presentation more clear and more compelling. With this in mind, the aim of this study was to present polysubstance use and overdose using visual maps of the available data. This article considers the opioids.","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133127848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Research on the Function of Government Fund Support in Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Innovation 政府资金支持在医药产业技术创新中的作用研究
Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2022.1311035
Xinyun Gao, Yongfa Chen
{"title":"Research on the Function of Government Fund Support in Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Innovation","authors":"Xinyun Gao, Yongfa Chen","doi":"10.4236/pp.2022.1311035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.1311035","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceutical technology innovation process needs a lot of human, material and financial support, so the government must give full play to its financial support function. Specifically, the government should improve the fund investment mechanism of the pharmaceutical industry, improve the financial investment management system of pharmaceutical technology innovation, strengthen the function and mechanism of the capital market, improve the risk investment system, focus on cultivating a good credit environment, and increase the support of national policy-based financial institutions. Through direct investment, financial subsidies, tax incentives and low-interest financing and other means, vigorously promote the improvement of pharmaceutical innovation capacity.","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122860216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial Activities of Solanum aculeastrum Fruit Extract against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans: Significance of African Traditional Medicine in Combating Infections and Attaining Universal Health Coverage 茄果提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的抑菌活性:非洲传统医学在防治感染和实现全民健康覆盖中的意义
Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2023.145013
C. Hikaambo, Phanuel Chilala, Ferdinand Ndubi, G. Mayoka, M. Kampamba, Reagan Kabuka, Billy Chabalenge, Steward Mudenda
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activities of <i>Solanum aculeastrum</i> Fruit Extract against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>: Significance of African Traditional Medicine in Combating Infections and Attaining Universal Health Coverage","authors":"C. Hikaambo, Phanuel Chilala, Ferdinand Ndubi, G. Mayoka, M. Kampamba, Reagan Kabuka, Billy Chabalenge, Steward Mudenda","doi":"10.4236/pp.2023.145013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2023.145013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology &amp;amp; Pharmacy","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122038759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Routine Supportive Supervision and Management of Medicines and Other Health Products and Technologies in Vihiga County, Kenya 肯尼亚维希加县药品和其他保健产品和技术的常规支持性监督和管理
Pharmacology &amp;amp; Pharmacy Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2023.142004
Mukanya Collins Mudogo, Oluhano Jerusa, Sikuku Eric, Mwanje Inonda Justus, Anyiendah Mary, Amadi Mercy, Riungu James, Sumbi Victor, Ottichilo Wilber
{"title":"Routine Supportive Supervision and Management of Medicines and Other Health Products and Technologies in Vihiga County, Kenya","authors":"Mukanya Collins Mudogo, Oluhano Jerusa, Sikuku Eric, Mwanje Inonda Justus, Anyiendah Mary, Amadi Mercy, Riungu James, Sumbi Victor, Ottichilo Wilber","doi":"10.4236/pp.2023.142004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2023.142004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology &amp;amp; Pharmacy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129511973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Particle Size Effects on Antioxydant and Hepatoprotective Potential of Essential Oil from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaves against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats 桉树叶精油抗四氯化碳肝毒性及肝保护作用的粒径效应
Pharmacology &amp;amp; Pharmacy Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2022.138020
Venant Donald Noumi, Markusse Deli, R. M. Nguimbou, E. Baudelaire, S. Rup-Jacques, Dicko Amadou, Selestin Sokeng, N. Njintang
{"title":"Particle Size Effects on Antioxydant and Hepatoprotective Potential of Essential Oil from <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> Leaves against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats","authors":"Venant Donald Noumi, Markusse Deli, R. M. Nguimbou, E. Baudelaire, S. Rup-Jacques, Dicko Amadou, Selestin Sokeng, N. Njintang","doi":"10.4236/pp.2022.138020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.138020","url":null,"abstract":"Particle size fractionation by sieving is used to optimize antioxydant potential of natural substances. The aim of the present study was to evaluate particle size effects on antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oils (EO) on CCl 4 -induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats. Animals were daily orally treated with the EOs extracted by hydrodistillation from powder sieved at four particle sizes (≥355, 200 - 355, 100 - 200, ≤100 µm) and those of the unsieved powder at dose of 50 mg/Kg for 7 days. Compounds that are evaluated for these activities are hydrocarbons and oxygenated terpenes that were identified and quantified by GC/MS. Activities of enzymes markers of hepatocellular damage in serum and antioxidant enzymes (≤100 µm and 100 - 200 µm) was correlated to their high concentration in oxygenated terpenes (70.9% and 46.4%, respectively), when compared to the large particles (200 - 355 µm and ≥355 µm, with 33.3% and 41.8%, respectively) and unsieved powder (37.4%).","PeriodicalId":432281,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology &amp;amp; Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115551908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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