Peace Through Law最新文献

Chapter 11 International Adjudication of Private Rights: The Mixed Arbitral Tribunals in the Peace Treaties of 1919–1922 第十一章私人权利的国际裁决:1919-1922年和平条约中的混合仲裁法庭

Peace Through Law Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299167-239

B. Hess, M. R. Isidro

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Chapter 12 Local International Adjudication: The Groundbreaking ‘Experiment’ of the Arbitral Tribunal for Upper Silesia 第十二章地方国际裁决:上西里西亚仲裁法庭的开创性“实验”

Peace Through Law Pub Date : 2019-03-25 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299167-277

M. Erpelding

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Chapter 6 Managing the ‘Workers Threat’: Preventing Revolution Through the International Labour Organization 第六章管理“工人威胁”:通过国际劳工组织防止革命

Peace Through Law Pub Date : 2019-03-25 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299167-157

G. Sinclair

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Chapter 7 The Role of Private International Law: UNIDROIT and the Geneva Conventions on Arbitration 第七章国际私法的作用:统法协和日内瓦仲裁公约

Peace Through Law Pub Date : 2019-03-25 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299167-183

Herbert Kronke

{"title":"Chapter 7 The Role of Private International Law: UNIDROIT and the Geneva Conventions on Arbitration","authors":"Herbert Kronke","doi":"10.5771/9783845299167-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845299167-183","url":null,"abstract":"As is obvious from the title, the term ‘private international law’ is not intended to be synonymous with ‘conflict of laws’ but, in the North American tradition, as the entirety of international law not relating to state-tostate relationships. It is clear that World War I and its aftermath mark key moments in the development of organized and institutionalized research in the fields of comparative law, conflict of laws, the law of dispute resolution and transnational commercial law. To a varying extent they were driven by economic expansion and rivalry, the war and, following its catastrophic outcome, the quest for peace. For many post-WWI lawyers, one of the main functions of harmonized law was to build and maintain this peace by fostering an orderly and universally beneficial commercial exchange. As I used to tell visitors, this historic peace-making and peacebuilding function is still an integral part of UNIDROIT’s present-day mission. Within this historical development, the years 1916 and 1926 are particularly significant. The former sees the founding of the first two academic institutions with staff and funding devoted exclusively to private international law, that is, the institutes affiliated with the universities in Heidelberg and Munich. In 1926, at the national level, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin (now Max Planck Institute for Comparative Law and Private International Law in Hamburg) and, at the international level, the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) in Rome see the light of the day. The—explicit or implicit—objectives of these institutions differed widely. In the deed of trust of the Heidelberg institute, its founder, the elder of the Berlin merchants Carl Leopold Netter, expressed the desire ‘to testify that, even in times of war, the work for peace is not forgotten’ . Consequently, the aim of that institute was to fund research and Chapter 7","PeriodicalId":431930,"journal":{"name":"Peace Through Law","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121188350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Chapter 1 Drama Through Law: The Versailles Treaty and the Casting of the Modern International Stage 第一章透过法律的戏剧:凡尔赛条约与现代国际舞台的塑造

Peace Through Law Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299167-29

Nathaniel Berman

引用次数: 1

Chapter 9 The Conversion of Reparations into Sovereign Debts (1920–1953) 第九章赔款转化为主权债务(1920-1953)

Peace Through Law Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299167-205

Pierre D'argent

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Titelei /目录。

Peace Through Law Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299167-1

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Chapter 5 Negotiating Equality: Minority Protection in the Versailles Settlement 第五章谈判平等:凡尔赛和解中的少数民族保护

Peace Through Law Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299167-123

León Castellanos-Jankiewicz

{"title":"Chapter 5 Negotiating Equality: Minority Protection in the Versailles Settlement","authors":"León Castellanos-Jankiewicz","doi":"10.5771/9783845299167-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845299167-123","url":null,"abstract":"Although they are not considered the legacy precedents of human rights today, the interwar minorities treaties contributed to developing the legal standard of equality before the law, which would become the keystone of the international human rights regime after the Second World War. The minority protection standards were also the first international rights that were embedded in an international organization. This regime is therefore useful in providing us with an understanding of the origins of later human rights treaties, since the notion of equality they contained is not dissimilar to that outlined in the Universal Declaration and subsequent international instruments of a binding nature.1 This chapter reviews the travaux préparatoires of the interwar minorities treaties, which reflect a broad concern for equality and non-discrimination. Its central proposition is that the international protection of minorities was primarily designed to develop a liberal-democratic agenda premised on equality before the law in order to allay the concerns of national minorities in Eastern Europe. This cause was supported by United States President Woodrow Wilson, whose democratic outlook set the tone of the 1919 Paris peace conference. The first section of the chapter begins by presenting the plight of minorities during the Great War and surveys the war aims of the Great Powers in relation to this problem. It emerges that minority protection was regarded as instrumental in achieving the Allied objectives of spreading democracy and fulfilling nationalist aspirations. The role of self-determination in reconciling the contradictions of these competing notions is also explained through a discussion of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points and their connection to the protection of national minorities. Chapter 5","PeriodicalId":431930,"journal":{"name":"Peace Through Law","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125830140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Chapter 3 Preventing a Repetition of the Great War: Responding to International Terrorism in the 1930s 第三章防止第一次世界大战的重演:应对20世纪30年代的国际恐怖主义

Peace Through Law Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299167-85

Michael D. Callahan

{"title":"Chapter 3 Preventing a Repetition of the Great War: Responding to International Terrorism in the 1930s","authors":"Michael D. Callahan","doi":"10.5771/9783845299167-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845299167-85","url":null,"abstract":"On 9 October 1934, King Alexander I of Yugoslavia was assassinated as he arrived in Marseilles to begin a state visit to France.1 Louis Barthou, the French foreign minister, was wounded during the chaos and died later. Evidence quickly established that anti-Yugoslav terrorist groups based in Italy and trained in Hungary had carried out the attack. The terrorists’ ultimate goal was to destabilize the multi-ethnic Yugoslavia and create new nation states. Much like the shooting of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo twenty years before, Alexander’s murder sparked an international crisis that threatened the peace of Europe. France supported Yugoslavia; Italy the Hungarians. In the background were alliances and individual states interested in either defending or changing the European status quo. All the ingredients of the July Crisis of 1914 seemed suddenly there again. While these two terrorist attacks had important similarities, their repercussions were very different. According to its Covenant, the main purposes of the League of Nations were ‘to promote international co-operation and to achieve international peace and security.’2 These central aims were in fact accomplished in 1934, an achievement that represents the League at its most effective. With strong leadership from Britain and France, the League made it possible for states to adopt a unanimous resolution that preserved the peace that all sides wanted. During its successful mediation the League Council decided to confront the serious problem of international terrorism. Jurists and officials from several countries would spend nearly three years exploring ways to classify specific terrorist acts, and conspiracies to commit them, as international Chapter 3","PeriodicalId":431930,"journal":{"name":"Peace Through Law","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130813345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Chapter 13 Resistance Through Law: Belgian Judges and the Relations Between Occupied State and Occupying Power 第十三章通过法律进行抵抗:比利时法官与被占领国与占领国之间的关系

Peace Through Law Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299167-323

D. Boden

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