African Journal on Conflict Resolution最新文献_第9页

Alienation and militancy in the Niger Delta: hostage taking and the dilemma of the Nigerian State 尼日尔三角洲的异化和战斗:人质劫持和尼日利亚国家的困境

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2009-01-20 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V8I2.39424

Ibaba Samuel Ibaba

{"title":"Alienation and militancy in the Niger Delta: hostage taking and the dilemma of the Nigerian State","authors":"Ibaba Samuel Ibaba","doi":"10.4314/AJCR.V8I2.39424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJCR.V8I2.39424","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the linkages between alienation and militancy in Nigeria's Niger Delta region, and the dilemma the Nigerian State faces in dealing with the menace of hostage taking of oil workers in the region by militant groups. To achieve this objective, the paper critically discusses the centrality of alienation in the seemingly intractable youth violence in the Niger Delta. It demonstrates that alienation, caused by ethnicity\u0000based political domination, oil based environmental degradation, corruption and parental neglect has engendered frustration and awareness that explain the conflicts and violence in the area. The paper points out that protests and agitations that were hitherto peaceful degenerated to militancy, violence and hostage taking, due to violent state repression\u0000and the militarisation of the Niger Delta. Hostage taking of oil workers, particularly expatriates, now occurs frequently in the Niger Delta, with destructive effects on the country's economy, due to disruptions in oil production. The paper blames this on the character of the State and the resultant dilemma it faces. The Nigerian State is privatised and is therefore used to pursue personal, sectional and ethnic interests, as against the common interests. The inability of the state to choose the pursuance of the public good has undermined its ability to deal with militancy and hostage taking. It has laid the foundations of militancy through a neglect of development, and promotion of political thuggery\u0000in the electoral process. The solution hinges on the transformation of the state; to make it address the aspirations of citizens. African Journal on Conflict Resolution Vol. 8 (2) 2008: pp. 11-34","PeriodicalId":43186,"journal":{"name":"African Journal on Conflict Resolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2009-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJCR.V8I2.39424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70448190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Exhuming Trends in Ethnic Conflict and Cooperation in Africa: Some selected states 发掘非洲种族冲突与合作的趋势:一些选定的国家

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2009-01-20 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V8I3.39429

J. Cocodia

{"title":"Exhuming Trends in Ethnic Conflict and Cooperation in Africa: Some selected states","authors":"J. Cocodia","doi":"10.4314/AJCR.V8I3.39429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJCR.V8I3.39429","url":null,"abstract":"The world-wide surge in the number and violence of open conflicts revolving around ethnic or religious identities towards the end of the 20th century is a powerful reminder that communal identities are not a remnant of the past but a potent force in contemporary politics. After three decades of independence, ethnicity is more central than ever to the political process of many African countries. Africa has had more than its fair share of ethnic dissent which has sometimes plummeted states into civil war as was experienced in Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and reached frightening proportions in Rwanda and now Sudan. Political openings and multiparty elections have led to the formation of innumerable overtly or covertly ethnic political parties, which serve more often to increase civil strife of which the most recent addition to the long list in Africa is Kenya.\u0000Africa's ethnic disturbances have occurred more within national borders, thus giving rise to unstable domestic systems. This paper attempts to address these ethnic issues by assessing certain conflict spots as opposed to areas of relative calm in Africa. The assessment of states on both sides of the divide (i.e. cooperation and conflict) is done in the hope that trends that lead to conflict as well as those that lead to cooperation can be identified. In order to establish these patterns of cooperation and conflict, it became pertinent to use a broad range of case studies, notably, Tanzania, Botswana, South Africa, Uganda and Cote d'Ivoire. The result of this study tells that the lack or presence of equity and justice (components of good governance), high literacy levels and an external threat, are factors which strengthen or diminish possibilities of ethnic conflict. African Journal on Conflict Resolution Vol. 8 (3) 2008: pp. 9-26","PeriodicalId":43186,"journal":{"name":"African Journal on Conflict Resolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2009-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJCR.V8I3.39429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70448283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Where does Islamic arbitration fit into the judicially recognised ingredients of customary arbitration in the Nigerian jurisprudence 伊斯兰仲裁在哪里适合尼日利亚法理学中司法认可的习惯仲裁成分

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2009-01-20 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V8I2.39427

O. Ladapo

引用次数: 1

Religious Networks in Post-conflict Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Prognosis 冲突后刚果民主共和国的宗教网络:预测

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African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2009-01-20 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V8I3.39431

Ayo Whetho, U. O. Uzodike

{"title":"Religious Networks in Post-conflict Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Prognosis","authors":"Ayo Whetho, U. O. Uzodike","doi":"10.4314/AJCR.V8I3.39431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJCR.V8I3.39431","url":null,"abstract":"The role of religion and religious networks in public life is gaining increasing attention in contemporary social science discourses against the backdrop of ascendant religiosity in many non-Western societies. In Africa, the reality of ascendant religiosity is exemplified by the phenomenal growth in the membership of the two leading religions – Christianity and Islam – and the increase in the number of other syncretic sects. Within this context, religious networks have emerged as important actors in civil society and as powerful forces for social mobilisation, albeit for both constructive and destructive ends. With reference to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), religious groups wield enormous influence in the public space as providers of social services in a polity that has been characterised by years of misrule, declining state capacity and protracted conflict. The conflict in the DRC has deepened the imperative for constructive engagement by faith-based groups in the public domain, especially in facilitating the peacebuilding process. Against this background, this paper examines the roles of religious networks in the DRC's public sphere in the post-conflict epoch and prognosticates the future of the country. African Journal on Conflict Resolution Vol. 8 (3) 2008: pp. 57-84","PeriodicalId":43186,"journal":{"name":"African Journal on Conflict Resolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2009-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJCR.V8I3.39431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70448342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Tunnel Vision or Kaleidoscope: Competing Concepts on Sudan Identity and National Integration 隧道视野或万花筒:苏丹认同与民族融合的竞争概念

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2008-04-17 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39410

Atta H. el-Battahani

{"title":"Tunnel Vision or Kaleidoscope: Competing Concepts on Sudan Identity and National Integration","authors":"Atta H. el-Battahani","doi":"10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39410","url":null,"abstract":"Characterised as a bridge between the Arab‑Muslim world and Black Africa; and as a melting pot where diverse ethnic, religious and language groups were related together, Sudan continues to baffle observers and analysts by protracted conflicts and crises inflicted on its population. Amid all these, major parties to the conflict accuse each other of sowing the seeds of disintegration and disunity, and on the other hand \u0000each claims to be the only one genuinely working for unity. This article discusses conceptual foundations behind these claims and positions of major parties to conflict. Taking the ethnic-cultural make-up of Sudan, the article compares and contrasts a dominant concept of ‘unity in conformity', endorsed since independence by Northern ruling groups, to ‘unity in diversity', propagated by marginalised ethnic nationalities and underprivileged classes. After setting the context of the debate between the two different concepts, and delineating traits of both, the article argues that in view of the diversity and complexity of the social formation of Sudan, and more important, the failure of ‘unity in conformity' to deliver on its promises, the alternative concept of ‘unity in diversity' is more adequate in laying down foundations for credible unity and viable identity. African Journal on Conflict Resolution Vol. 7 (2) 2007: pp. 37-62","PeriodicalId":43186,"journal":{"name":"African Journal on Conflict Resolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70447912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Cultural Diversity and the Somali Conflict: Myth or Reality? 文化多样性与索马里冲突:神话还是现实?

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2008-04-17 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39412

A. A. Osman

{"title":"Cultural Diversity and the Somali Conflict: Myth or Reality?","authors":"A. A. Osman","doi":"10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39412","url":null,"abstract":"The current conflict in Somalia has proven to be long and devastating to\u0000its people where thousands were killed, raped, robbed and made refugees or internally displaced. Despite its deadly impact, the conflict has defied all expectations both theoretical and practical. However, there are several studies that attempt to explain the conflict and its causes. These causes include the role of cultural diversity in both bringing and maintaining\u0000the conflict in Somalia and Africa in general. This article argues that despite the existence of many studies that emphasise this relationship, they remain empirically inconclusive. The Somali society consists of many communities that differ linguistically and socio-economically.\u0000Despite their differences, the conflict in Somalia and Sub-Saharan Africa in general stems primarily from inequality worsened by economic decline plus the easy availability of weapons that resulted from the massive sale of arms by members of the armed forces. The article concludes with several suggestions for bringing about resolution to this prolonged conflict in Somalia. One of the main suggestions would be an attempt to attract the\u0000vast wealth and brain power of the Diaspora communities. African Journal on Conflict Resolution Vol. 7 (2) 2007: pp. 93-134","PeriodicalId":43186,"journal":{"name":"African Journal on Conflict Resolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70447937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Political Management of Ethnic Perceptions: An Assessment of the African National Congress 民族观念的政治管理:对非洲人国民大会的评估

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2008-04-17 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39413

M. Ndletyana

引用次数: 8

Identity Politics, Democratisation and State Building in Ethiopia's Federal Arrangement 身份政治、民主化和埃塞俄比亚联邦制度下的国家建设

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2008-04-17 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39411

K. Mengisteab

引用次数: 21

The Political Role of the Ethnic Factor around Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 刚果民主共和国选举中种族因素的政治作用

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2008-04-17 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39416

H. K. Ngoy-Kangoy

{"title":"The Political Role of the Ethnic Factor around Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"H. K. Ngoy-Kangoy","doi":"10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39416","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the role of the ethnic factor in political choices in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and its impact on democratisation and the implementation of the practice of good governance. This is done by focusing especially on the presidential and legislative elections of 1960 and 2006. The Congolese electorate is known for its ambiguous and paradoxical behaviour. At all times, ethnicity seems to play a determining role in the choice of leaders and so the politicians, entrusted with leadership, keep on exploiting the same ethnicity for money. Although the East-West rift is a reality which was particularly eminent during the elections of 2006, it is something that should be relativised. This divide is however not always linked to the ethnic factor. The analysis is more complex. At the legislative level, the voting pattern has always shown a contrast, particularly with the individual vote, the modification of ethnic allegiance, and the\u0000conflict of ethnic fidelity, as well as ethnic clientelism in its various forms. Individual interest often confronts and/or merges with the interest of the group, leading to a rather casual relationship. Finally, political identification can be expressed in political, linguistic,\u0000economic or regional ways. The very subjective character of the vote has a negative impact on the political choices, and consequently on good governance, which then shows up, as often is the case, as incompetence and corruption. The study ends with some recommendations that may eventually contribute to voting for the sake of the advantages of\u0000democracy and the exigencies of good governance. African Journal on Conflict Resolution Vol. 7 (2) 2007: pp. 219-238","PeriodicalId":43186,"journal":{"name":"African Journal on Conflict Resolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70448027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

'Echoing Silences' : ethnicity in post-colonial Zimbabwe, 1980-2007 “沉默的回响”:后殖民时期津巴布韦的种族问题，1980-2007

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2008-04-17 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39418

J. Muzondidya, S. Ndlovu-Gatsheni

{"title":"'Echoing Silences' : ethnicity in post-colonial Zimbabwe, 1980-2007","authors":"J. Muzondidya, S. Ndlovu-Gatsheni","doi":"10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39418","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of its rare entry into both official and public discourses about\u0000contemporary Zimbabwe, ethnicity, alongside race, has continued to shape and influence the economic, social, and political life of Zimbabwe since the achievement of independence in 1980. In this article we argue that whilst post-independence Zimbabwe has since the days of the Gukurahundi war (1982-1986) not experienced serious ethnic-based wars\u0000or political instability, there is serious ethnic polarisation in the country and ethnicity remains one of the challenges to the survival of both the state and the country. This ethnic polarisation is to be explained mainly in terms of the broader failure by the state to develop an effective response to the political economy of ethnicity inherited from the colonial past. As with most postcolonial African nationalist governments which have come to be haunted by ethnicity, such as Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and most recently Kenya and South Africa, the postcolonial government of Zimbabwe has largely remained reluctant to engage ethnicity as an issue in both politics and the economy, particularly\u0000with regard to addressing historical and contemporary factors that continued to make ethnicity an important issue in people's lives. The nationalist government's state-building project, especially its coercive mobilisation and nation-building projects of the early 1980s, paid little attention to the ethnic configuration of the inherited state, as well as the structures and institutions which enacted and reproduced ethnicity. Such neglected processes, structures and institutions included unequal development of the provinces and the marginalisation of particular ethnic groups in politics, economy and society. African Journal on Conflict Resolution Vol. 7 (2) 2007: pp. 275-297","PeriodicalId":43186,"journal":{"name":"African Journal on Conflict Resolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJCR.V7I2.39418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70448100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 73