African Journal on Conflict Resolution最新文献_第4页

Integrating the traditional and the modern conflict management strategies in Nigeria 整合尼日利亚传统与现代冲突管理策略

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2011-01-25 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V10I3.63323

A. Akinwale

{"title":"Integrating the traditional and the modern conflict management strategies in Nigeria","authors":"A. Akinwale","doi":"10.4314/AJCR.V10I3.63323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJCR.V10I3.63323","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the modalities for integrating traditional and modern conflict management strategies in Nigeria using an analysis of relevant documents as well as Black’s Social Control Theory and Thomas-Kilmann’s Model of Conflict Management. The successful amalgamation of diverse groups has radically shifted from being a platform for peaceful coexistence to an arena of violent conflicts due to the matrix of social inequality and the state attempts to undermine the power of traditional social control systems. The police and military have been used to suspend several violent conflicts in Nigeria, but they have been unable to build peace despite their coercive power. The social structure and deep-seated grievances that generate violence have not been addressed and the crowding out of traditional methods of social control from official policies has left room for escalation of violent conflicts. The most disturbing of these conflicts are ethno-religious and resource-control conflicts, which have both resulted in monumental destruction of peoples and properties and exposed different parts of Nigeria to crisis. It is argued that a policy-driven synergy of useful traditional and modern strategies for conflict management will result in lasting peace in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":43186,"journal":{"name":"African Journal on Conflict Resolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2011-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJCR.V10I3.63323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70445348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Environmental conflicts and women’s vulnerability in Africa 非洲的环境冲突和妇女的脆弱性

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2011-01-25 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63315

E. C. Perry, C. Potgieter, U. Bob

引用次数: 11

Environmental conflicts in the South Durban Basin : integrating residents' perceptions and concerns resulting from air pollution 南德班盆地的环境冲突:整合居民对空气污染的认知和关注

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2011-01-25 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63316

Jyoti Jaggernath

引用次数: 12

Performative functions of genocide trials in Rwanda: reconciliation through restorative justice? 卢旺达种族灭绝审判的执行职能:通过恢复性司法实现和解?

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2011-01-25 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V10I3.63317

C. Ycaza

引用次数: 7

Approaches to and tools for managing environmental conflicts in coastal zones in Africa: Challenges and prospects in relation to Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) 管理非洲沿海地区环境冲突的方法和工具:与沿海地区综合管理(ICZM)有关的挑战和前景

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2011-01-25 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63308

F. Ahmed

{"title":"Approaches to and tools for managing environmental conflicts in coastal zones in Africa: Challenges and prospects in relation to Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)","authors":"F. Ahmed","doi":"10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63308","url":null,"abstract":"Conflicts in coastal zones arise as a result of the variance between divergent interests, within limited and dynamic socio-spatial and ecological dimensions, with little effort at critical consensus. Coastal zones worldwide exhibit three classical internal trademarks – high pressures for development, management weaknesses to protect coastal ecosystems and the deterioration of environmental conditions – all of which exacerbate conflicts over use and access of coastal zones. These conflicts are further expected to intensify against the backdrop of global climate change, with their location specific manifestations and impacts. Coastal zones in Africa are particularly vulnerable, as burgeoning population increases and rapid economic growth compound pressures on and intensify conflicts over scarce/stressed resources. Furthermore, the situation is particularly acute as deteriorating environmental conditions impede social and economic development, and are linked to the pervasiveness of hunger, poverty and disease, which engage in a vicious cycle of environmental conflicts. As coastal environments become excessively anthropocentric, ecological dimensions cannot obviate the impact of human behaviour. Integrated approaches present powerful frameworks for analysing human-environmental conflicts, understood as ecological change, together with human knowledge and practice. Efforts at conflict resolution should be aimed at improving environmental conditions in tandem with improving the level of technical skill and capacity to mitigate environmental degradation. The challenge is to balance the need for short-term gains with long-term integrated resource management, heralded as Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). This article examines the challenges and prospects for approaches and tools to manage environmental conflicts in Africa’s coastal zones.","PeriodicalId":43186,"journal":{"name":"African Journal on Conflict Resolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2011-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70445480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Gender and climate change-induced conflict in pastoral communities: Case study of Turkana in northwestern Kenya 性别与气候变化引发的牧区冲突:肯尼亚西北部图尔卡纳地区的案例研究

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2011-01-25 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63312

N. Omolo

{"title":"Gender and climate change-induced conflict in pastoral communities: Case study of Turkana in northwestern Kenya","authors":"N. Omolo","doi":"10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63312","url":null,"abstract":"Clitmate change-induced conflict is a major global threat to human security and the environment. It has been projected that there is going to be an increase in climate changes resulting in increased droughts and floods in northern Kenya. Climate change impacts will be differently distributed among different regions, ages, income groups, occupations and gender. People living in poverty are more vulnerable to environmental changes. In relation to these concerns, this article discusses the following issues: climate change, pastoralism and conflicts, gender issues in Turkana, and the future of pastoralism in relation to changing climate conditions. Specifically, the first section looks at the impacts of climate change on pastoralism and the livelihoods of pastoralists, and at the types of climate change-induced conflicts in Turkana. The next section focuses on the impact of climate change-induced conflict on women and men’s livelihoods, including discussion of the roles and participation in decision making. Finally, the future of pastoralism in relation to changing climate is discussed. The focus will be on scenarios of the past and future projections of rainfall patterns in Turkana, the future of pastoralism and the possibility of climate-induced conflicts in the future.","PeriodicalId":43186,"journal":{"name":"African Journal on Conflict Resolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2011-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70445547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 101

Environmental causes and impacts of the genocide in Rwanda: Case studies of the towns of Butare and Cyangugu 卢旺达种族灭绝的环境原因和影响:布塔雷和尚古古镇的个案研究

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2011-01-25 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63313

V. Moodley, Alphonse. Gahima, S. Munien

{"title":"Environmental causes and impacts of the genocide in Rwanda: Case studies of the towns of Butare and Cyangugu","authors":"V. Moodley, Alphonse. Gahima, S. Munien","doi":"10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63313","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the world has always been punctuated by cycles of violence, regardless of time, region or race. Genocide, which is one of the worst forms of violence, has always led to horrific socio-economic and environmental impacts. The last decade of the 20th century was the most turbulent Rwanda has ever experienced in its history. The country was ravaged by civil war, genocide, mass migrations, economic crisis, diseases, return of refugees and environmental destruction. Rwandan families were affected by and are still dealing with impacts such as death, disease, disability, poverty, loss of dignity and imprisonment. This paper uses a geographical perspective, more specifically the geography of conflict, to assess the environmental causes and impacts of the genocide in Rwanda, more than a decade after the genocide. Primary data used in this article were obtained from fieldwork undertaken in Cyangugu and Butare Towns, case studies chosen not only because of their particular history before, during and after the genocide but also because of their heterogeneous population and physical landscapes. Empirical evidence obtained and secondary data sources indicate that the genocide in Rwanda destroyed not only human resources and social and cultural structures but also infrastructure, development facilities and natural resources which had serious negative consequences on the total environment.","PeriodicalId":43186,"journal":{"name":"African Journal on Conflict Resolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2011-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70445580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Wildlife-community conflicts in conservation areas in Kenya 肯尼亚自然保护区的野生动物社区冲突

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2011-01-25 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63311

R. Okech

{"title":"Wildlife-community conflicts in conservation areas in Kenya","authors":"R. Okech","doi":"10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63311","url":null,"abstract":"Kenya is rich in biological diversity to which wildlife resources contribute a significant proportion. Many of the regions with abundant and diverse wildlife communities remaining in East Africa are occupied by pastoralists. Recent studies show that the majority of the local people around protected areas have negative feelings about state policies and conservation programmes. The alienation of grazing land for the exclusive use of wildlife and tourists has a very direct impact upon the pastoralist communities, and prompts them to raise questions about African wildlife policy – as if it leads to a ‘people versus animals’ conflict. Nevertheless, large areas of pastoral rangelands have been expropriated for exclusive wildlife conservation use. This has commonly been justified by the argument that pastoralists overstock, overgraze and damage their range while wild animals are seen as existing in harmony with their surroundings. Wildlifehuman conflicts, therefore, are a consequence of the problem of resource utilisation in conservation areas. Such conflicts do not solve this problem, however, but adversely affect the biodiversity. They harm people and property, and lead to the retaliatory killing of wildlife in 82% of the protected areas. This paper reviews literature that seeks to address the important issue of wildlifehuman conflicts and also explores the aspects of pastoralism and conservation in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":43186,"journal":{"name":"African Journal on Conflict Resolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2011-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJCR.V10I2.63311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70445536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

EU-UN partnership in military conflict management: Whither the African Union security infrastructure? 欧盟-联合国在军事冲突管理方面的伙伴关系:非洲联盟安全基础设施向何处去?

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V11I1.68158

A. Hengari

{"title":"EU-UN partnership in military conflict management: Whither the African Union security infrastructure?","authors":"A. Hengari","doi":"10.4314/AJCR.V11I1.68158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJCR.V11I1.68158","url":null,"abstract":"This article problematises the nascent relationship between the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU) in African conflict management. Constructing the EU as a security actor, including its validation through the UN, is not a process solely based on the normative claims inherent in the EU as a sui generis actor, but more importantly such claims are grounded in the EU as offering greater capacity and efficiency in African conflict management. In light of this argument, many studies have analysed this relationship in terms of inputs and outputs in field missions undertaken under this framework. While the EU-UN relationship can be viewed a priori as a process driven by ‘African needs and requirements’ as an end security consumer, the development of the EU-UN relationship poses inherent risks to the African Union (AU) slogan of ‘African problems, African solutions’ or ‘African solutions to African problems’. In light of the above-mentioned, the EU-UN question is surprisingly un-problematised and has received little critical attention in this context. By putting the EU-UN relationship into focus, this article shifts attention to the increasing complexities and potential uncertainties that this type of institutionalisation and coordination can generate on the development of Africa’s infrastructure and narratives of conflict management.","PeriodicalId":43186,"journal":{"name":"African Journal on Conflict Resolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJCR.V11I1.68158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70445515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Congo crisis, the United Nations, and Zimbabwean nationalism, 1960–1963 刚果危机、联合国和津巴布韦民族主义，1960-1963

IF 0.3

African Journal on Conflict Resolution Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/AJCR.V11I1.68154

T. Scarnecchia

引用次数: 20