SRPN: Other Politics & Energy (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The Nexus Land-Use Model, An Approach Articulating Biophysical Potentials and Economic Dynamics to Model Competition for Land-Uses","authors":"F. Souty, T. Brunelle, P. Dumas, B. Dorin, P. Ciais, R. Crassous","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2038756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2038756","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions between food demand, biomass energy and forest preservation are driving both food prices and land-use changes, regionally and globally. This study presents a new model called Nexus Land-Use which describes these interactions through a generic representation of agricultural intensification mechanisms. The Nexus Land-Use model equations combine biophysics and economics into a single coherent framework to calculate crop yields, food prices, and resulting pasture and cropland areas within 12 regions inter-connected with each other by international trade. The representation of cropland and livestock production systems in each region relies on three components: (i) a biomass production function derived from the crop yield response function to inputs such as industrial fertilisers ; (ii) a detailed representation of the livestock production system subdivided into an intensive and an extensive component, and (iii) a spatially explicit distribution of potential (maximal) crop yields prescribed from the Lund-Postdam-Jena global vegetation model for managed Land (LPJmL). The economic principles governing decisions about land-use and intensification are adapted from the Ricardian rent theory, assuming cost minimisation for farmers. The land-use modelling approach described in this paper entails several advantages. Firstly, it makes it possible to explore interactions among different types of demand for biomass for food and animal feed, in a consistent approach, including indirect effects on land-use change resulting from international trade. Secondly, yield variations induced by the possible expansion of croplands on less suitable marginal lands are modelled by using regional land area distributions of potential yields, and a calculated boundary between intensive and extensive production. The model equations and parameter values are first described in detail. Then, idealised scenarios exploring the impact of forest preservation policies or rising energy price on agricultural intensification are described, and their impacts on pasture and cropland areas are investigated.","PeriodicalId":431619,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Politics & Energy (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129223924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pricing of Climate Risk","authors":"Linda H. Chen, Lucia Silva Gao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1940727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1940727","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates whether corporate climate risk is priced by the capital markets. Using carbon dioxide emission rates of publicly traded U.S. electric companies, we find that climate risk is positively associated with cost of capital measures, more specifically the implied cost of equity and the cost of debt. Additionally, we find that equity and debt investors evaluate corporate climate risk differently. The results show that the cost of debt decreases with the level of capital intensity, suggesting that debt investors value the increase in efficiency resulting from current capital investments. The results also show that the cost of equity decreases and the cost of debt increases with the newness of assets in places. Newer equipment is likely to be operationally and environmentally more efficient. While the results concerning the cost of debt are puzzling, we consider that debt investors may account for other performance indicators. We conclude that equity and debt investors evaluate climate risk differently according to their different payoff functions.","PeriodicalId":431619,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Politics & Energy (Topic)","volume":"53 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116840636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poverty and Climate Change in Urban Bangladesh (Climurb): An Analytical Framework","authors":"M. Roy, S. Guy, D. Hulme, F. Jahan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1833503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1833503","url":null,"abstract":"Around 40 percent of Bangladesh’s population are poor people for whom a variable and unpredictable climate can critically restrict livelihood options. This is true in rural and urban areas alike, but this study focuses on the latter. Urban poverty continues to be neglected in research, policy and action for climate change adaptation in the country. The study builds on three propositions: (i) poor urban communities are places where physical and socioeconomic vulnerability coincide; (ii) urban areas are exposed to three forms of climate change impact: rapid-onset events, gradual-onset processes, and cascade effects; and (iii) poor urban people are already adapting to emergent climate change impacts by actively developing various practices. The analytical framework places a strong emphasis on poor people’s adaptation practices in order to understand their agency, cultural resources and economic strategies and the structural factors that both support and constrain their agency. The practices are examined in terms of three key elements: the socio-economic resources of poor urban households and communities; institutions and political economy; and external actors and resources. Six low-income settlements have been chosen for case studies from three cities – Dhaka, Chittagong and Khulna. Data collection involves: mini-surveys; qualitative methods; dialogues with local academics, policymakers and civil society groups; and action research. Key analytical findings include the identification and analysis of existing practices under five broad themes (e.g. livelihoods, built environment, networks, institutions, and external supports).","PeriodicalId":431619,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Politics & Energy (Topic)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124041193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Die Gouvernementalität von Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren (The Governmentality of Sustainability Indicators)","authors":"M. Rose","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3796025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3796025","url":null,"abstract":"<b>German abstract:</b> Weltweit und auf sämtlichen politischen Ebenen, von der UNO über die OECD, EU, vielen Nationalstaaten und Regionen bis hin zur kommunalen Ebene haben sich bereits seit den 1990er Jahren Initiativen gebildet, das Leitbild einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung mithilfe von Nachhaltigkeitsindikatorensystemen mess- und damit greif- und für die Politik anwendbar zu machen. Warum scheinen Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren auf politischer Ebene so populär zu sein? Die hier vertretene These ist, dass eine der Ursachen im dominanten liberal-ökonomischen Weltbild liegt, welches der Politik Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren als Steuerungsinstrumente nahelegt.<br>Um diese These zu vertiefen, wird in diesem Kurzpapier das Konzept der Gouvernementalität in aller Kürze auf Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren angewendet. Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren besitzen gouvernementales Potenzial, zur Transformation von Politik, Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit beizutragen, ohne dabei das ökonomisch-kapitalistische Weltbild grundsätzlich in Frage stellen zu müssen. Die (macht)politischen Mechanismen, die sowohl Nachhaltigkeit als auch deren Adressaten konstruieren, gilt es zusammen mit eben diesen Konstruktionen kritisch zu hinterfragen.<br><br><b>English abstract:</b> Worldwide and at all political levels, from the UN to the OECD, the EU, many nation-states and regions, and even at the municipal level, initiatives have been underway since the 1990s to make the guiding principle of sustainable development measurable and thus tangible and applicable for politics with the help of sustainability indicator systems. Why do sustainability indicators seem to be so popular at the political level? The thesis put forward here is that one of the causes lies in the dominant liberal-economic worldview, which suggests to politicians that sustainability indicators can serve as steering instruments.<br>In order to elaborate on this thesis, this short paper briefly applies the concept of governmentality to sustainability indicators. Sustainability indicators have governmental potential to contribute to the transformation of policy, society and economy towards sustainability without having to fundamentally question the economic-capitalist worldview. The (power-)political mechanisms that construct both sustainability and its addressees need to be critically scrutinized together with these very constructions.","PeriodicalId":431619,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Politics & Energy (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123466486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}