{"title":"GA-tuning of nonlinear observers for sensorless control of automotive power steering IPMSMs","authors":"B. S. Bhangu, C. Bingham","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554645","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers two observer-based rotor position estimation schemes for sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) for use in future automotive power steering systems. Specifically, emphasis is given to techniques based on feedback-linearisation followed by classical Luenberger observer design, and direct design of non-linear observers. Genetic algorithms (GAs), using the principles of evolution, natural selection and genetic mutation, are introduced to address difficulties in selecting correction gains for the observers, since no analytical tuning mechanisms yet exist. Experimental measurements from an automotive power steering test-facility are included, to demonstrate the enhanced performance attributes offered by tuning the proposed observer schemes, online, in this manner.","PeriodicalId":430886,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121844252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power electronic interface with ultracapacitors and motor control for a fuel cell electric vehicle","authors":"S. Hasan, I. Husain","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554625","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the power electronic interface with ultra-capacitor hybridization for a fuel cell electric vehicle system is presented. The isolated DC/DC converter topologies for interface has been analyzed based on performance, cost, size, volume, component count and simplicity. Another feature of the topology is the use of ultra-capacitor bank and the reduction of battery pack size. The proposed approach consists of a full-bridge DC/DC converter to boost the fuel cell voltage. The induction motor operated with vector control is driven by a three-phase PWM inverter supplied by the DC-link voltage. The investigation of the electric vehicle performance due to parameter variation of the induction motor is also reported.","PeriodicalId":430886,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114523882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hernandez, S. Jemei, M. Tekin, D. Hissel, M. Péra, J. Kauffmann
{"title":"Modelling of a motor compressor group feeding a hydrogen fuel cell using recurrent neural networks","authors":"A. Hernandez, S. Jemei, M. Tekin, D. Hissel, M. Péra, J. Kauffmann","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554619","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial recurrent neural networks (ARNN) are well known as effective modelling tools for complex dynamic systems. However, easily implementing training algorithms such as back propagation through time and quasi-Newton algorithms require great amounts of memory and computational resources; moreover, those grow geometrically with the size of the time series (number of points in the sample used as training example). In the case of multiple output systems, the complexity of these algorithms grows also in a geometrical form, related to the number of system outputs and the number of hidden layers in the network, thus increasing the computation time to obtain a satisfactory solution. In this paper, some methodological and architectural solutions are proposed to overcome this drawback. The implementation simplicity of back propagation and quasi-Newton algorithms is nevertheless maintained, only their memory consumption and computation time is optimized to obtain a satisfactory dynamical model of a motor compressor group feeding a hydrogen fuel cell (in fact, a multiple input, multiple output system). To accomplish this goal, an artificial feedback loop is implemented and a parallel structure of one-output networks is selected as network architecture. The obtained results show that this architectural and methodological approach can be an interesting training option for complex multiple output system modelling using recurrent neural networks.","PeriodicalId":430886,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125753432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic analysis and control development for a cross-over vehicle with a dual hybrid-electric system","authors":"J.M. Morbitzer, G. Rizzoni, E. Westervelt","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554627","url":null,"abstract":"The Ohio State University Challenge X team developed a high-level supervisory control strategy for use on a hybrid-electric vehicle. The control strategy objectives were to select the appropriate vehicle mode, satisfy the driver's power request, minimize fuel consumption, maintain battery state-of-charge, and assure drivability. Control strategy validation from a software-in-the-loop approach was achieved with a set of vehicle simulators.","PeriodicalId":430886,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125914974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Test and verification of a four-quadrant transducer for HEV applications","authors":"E. Nordlund, S. Eriksson","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554529","url":null,"abstract":"This work concerns the design, building and testing of a prototype four-quadrant energy transducer (4QT) for hybrid electric vehicles. The paper describes the test and verification of the 4QT prototype concerning machine parameters, efficiency and thermal performance. The 4QT consists of two different electric radial flux machines: one double rotor machine (DRM) and one conventional machine. In this paper, the conventional machine will simply be referred to as the stator machine (SM). The prototype is designed for a power of 30 kW in each of the double rotor machine and the stator machine. The double rotor machine has an inner rotor with a 3-phase winding fed through sliprings and an outer rotor with inner permanent magnets. The outer rotor has also a set of magnets on its outside and serves therefore as rotor for the stator machine. The input shaft is connected to the inner rotor and the output shaft to the outer rotor. Both machines are designed to work as motors and generators. The 4QT is mounted between the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the final reduction gear in a hybrid vehicle; the ICE is connected to the input shaft and the final gear to the output shaft. The function of the 4QT is to keep the operation of the ICE at optimum efficiency at all speeds and torques required by the vehicle. To do so, the speed is controlled with the DRM and the torque with the SM.","PeriodicalId":430886,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129498229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 55 kW three-phase automotive traction inverter with SiC Schottky diodes","authors":"B. Ozpineci, M. Chinthavali, L. Tolbert","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554611","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon carbide (SiC) power devices are expected to have an impact on power converter efficiency, weight, volume, and reliability. Presently, only SiC Schottky diodes are commercially available at relatively low current ratings. Oak Ridge National Laboratory has collaborated with Cree and Semikron to build a Si IGBT-SiC Schottky diode hybrid 55 kW inverter by replacing the Si pn diodes in Semikron's automotive inverter with Cree's made-to-order higher current SiC Schottky diodes. This paper shows the results obtained from testing this inverter and compares it to a similar all-Si inverter.","PeriodicalId":430886,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131104236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Holistic approach in developing propulsion for urban electric vehicles","authors":"G. Lampič, T. Slivnik, A. Detela","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554569","url":null,"abstract":"In order to develop an outstanding electric vehicle (EV) we have to use all the advantages which are offered by the transition to electric propulsion system. Our concept involves direct drive (DD) propulsion system with four high specific torque inwheel electric motors, improved aerodynamics of a vehicle, weight reduction and optimized hybrid power sources involving a low power high energy primary source and a high power lower energy secondary source. Optimization of propulsion system parameters has been performed in order to obtain satisfying driving and economic performance for a standard city driving cycle.","PeriodicalId":430886,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131424396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sensorless induction machine based integrated starter alternator for the 42 V powernet for automobiles","authors":"C.P. Mudannayake, M.F. Rahman","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554599","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents sensorless induction machine based integrated starter alternator (ISA) scheme for the 42 V powernet for automobiles. Proposed scheme provides solution for cost and reliability issues related to position encoder based ISA systems in automobiles. The stator voltages of induction machine that need for rotor flux estimation, are constructed from DC bus voltage and reference signals of space vector modulator with necessary correction to compensate errors due to device drops and dead time. This allows elimination of two voltage sensors and that leads further cost reduction of the system. Dynamics and efficiency of the proposed integrated starter alternator were investigated by means of modeling and prototype system. The simulation and experimental results of sensorless operation of the proposed ISA in motoring and generation modes are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":430886,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122340909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A segmented magnet interior permanent magnet machine with wide constant power range for application in hybrid vehicles","authors":"R. Dutta, M.F. Rahman","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554572","url":null,"abstract":"In traction application of hybrid vehicles, a wide constant power speed range is a necessity for efficient utilization of the power source. Due to its higher efficiency and torque/size ratio, the interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine is gaining popularity in many automotive applications including traction. However, most of the commercially manufactured IPM machines have a limited constant power range. In this paper, a segmented magnet IPM machine has been analysed for its suitability in traction application. This type of machine can offer very wide constant power speed range. The performance of the proposed machine is compared with a prototype IPM machine built in the University of New South Wales (in 1997) and an IPM machine commonly available in market from Kollmorgen.","PeriodicalId":430886,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"52 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126596601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iron loss model for PM synchronous motors in transportation","authors":"W. Roshen","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554563","url":null,"abstract":"High power AC motors are in common use in transportation such as the power-trains of electric and hybrid cars, locomotives and aircrafts. Lower power AC motors are also used in other parts of the transportation vehicles such as the compressor of an air-conditioner. Iron losses in permanent magnet synchronous machines form a larger portion of the total losses than in the induction machines and, hence, more importance should be given to the minimization of iron loss. Previously, models have been presented for the calculations of these losses but these models still rely on finite element simulations to obtain correction factors, which are substantial, to apply to the theoretically derived formulas in order to obtain good agreement with the experimental data. In this paper we point out the source of this correction factor: the neglect of excess eddy current loss component. In many cases this loss component dominates the total iron losses and need to be incorporated in the theoretical considerations. We also provide a more complete model of iron loss, which greatly reduces the need for calculating the correction factors using FEM. The use of this more complete model will result in reduced design time especially when a number of candidate designs need to be analyzed because otherwise the calculation of these correction factors using FEM would be cumbersome as these correction factors tend to be non-linear.","PeriodicalId":430886,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133809582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}