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The Role of Drones in Anti-Mountaintop Removal Activism 无人机在反山顶移除行动中的作用
IF 0.5
International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijagr.2021010104
Aron D Massey
{"title":"The Role of Drones in Anti-Mountaintop Removal Activism","authors":"Aron D Massey","doi":"10.4018/ijagr.2021010104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2021010104","url":null,"abstract":"This research project examines the usefulness of drones in environmental activism, especially within the fight against mountaintop removal mining in Appalachia. The paper examines the tactics of Coal River Mountain Watch and the Appalachian Mountain Patrol, anti-MTR activists that use drone surveillance to enhance their fight against this destructive practice. The use of drones increases the complexity of strategies employed by Appalachian activists and challenges many of the traditionally held, but continually critiqued, stereotypes present in Appalachian research. Beyond a deeper understanding of Appalachian activism, this paper investigates the ways in which knowledge production and epistemological assumptions are challenged by less costly and more accessible technologies such as drones.","PeriodicalId":43062,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"53-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70447938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characteristics of Red Spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) Encroachment at Two Central Appalachian Heathland Study Areas 红杉(Picea rubens Sarg.)的特性两个阿巴拉契亚中部希思兰研究区的侵占
IF 0.5
International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijagr.2021010102
Helen M. White, L. Resler, D. Carroll
{"title":"Characteristics of Red Spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) Encroachment at Two Central Appalachian Heathland Study Areas","authors":"Helen M. White, L. Resler, D. Carroll","doi":"10.4018/ijagr.2021010102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2021010102","url":null,"abstract":"During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, intensive land use nearly eliminated red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) throughout portions of West Virginia (WV). Red spruce has been slow to regenerate on mountaintop heathland barrens surrounding Canaan Valley, West Virginia (WV), and little is known about the nature of encroachment. Using field surveys, geospatial data, and statistical modelling, the objectives were to 1) characterize and compare red spruce encroachment at two upland heath study areas in West Virginia (Bear Rocks and Cabin Mountain), 2) characterize percent cover of major ground cover types associated with red spruce regeneration sites in order to elucidate biotic interactions, and 3) model the biophysical correlates of red spruce encroachment using geospatial data and statistical modelling. Red spruce count was similar at both study areas, but there were substantially more seedlings and saplings at Cabin Mountain. Modelling revealed a positive relationship between red spruce count and rock cover and a negative relationship between red spruce and stand distance.","PeriodicalId":43062,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45247164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identifying Surface Mine Extent Across Central Appalachia Using Time Series Analysis, 1984-2015 1984-2015年利用时间序列分析确定阿巴拉契亚中部的露天矿范围
IF 0.5
International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijagr.2021010103
Michael L. Marston, Korine N. Kolivras
{"title":"Identifying Surface Mine Extent Across Central Appalachia Using Time Series Analysis, 1984-2015","authors":"Michael L. Marston, Korine N. Kolivras","doi":"10.4018/ijagr.2021010103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2021010103","url":null,"abstract":"The Appalachians, and Central Appalachia in particular, have a long history of resource extraction including coal mining. In the past half century, the region experienced a shift from underground to surface mining, which leaves highly visible changes on the landscape. This study presents an analysis of changes in surface mining extents between 1984 and 2015 using remote sensing techniques, and tests the methods of previous research over a broader study area. The authors found that 3070 km2 (7.1%) of land within the central Appalachian coalfield was classified as mined land through the study period, and that the rate of newly mined land, as well as total mined land has decreased in recent years. The overall classification accuracy was 0.888 and the kappa coefficient was 0.880. Study results indicate that previously developed methods for identifying surface mines in a sub-region of Central Appalachia can successfully be applied over the broader region. The resulting surface mining datasets will be applied to a future study examining the potential human health impacts of surface mining.","PeriodicalId":43062,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44061317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Application of GIS-Based Knowledge-Driven and Data-Driven Methods for Debris-Slide Susceptibility Mapping 基于gis的知识驱动和数据驱动方法在碎屑滑动敏感性制图中的应用
IF 0.5
International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijagr.2021010101
Raja Das, A. Nandi, T. Joyner, I. Luffman
{"title":"Application of GIS-Based Knowledge-Driven and Data-Driven Methods for Debris-Slide Susceptibility Mapping","authors":"Raja Das, A. Nandi, T. Joyner, I. Luffman","doi":"10.4018/ijagr.2021010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2021010101","url":null,"abstract":"Debris-slides are fast-moving landslides that occur in the Appalachian region including the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM). Various knowledge and data-driven approaches using spatial distribution of the past slides and associated factors could be used to estimate the region's debris-slide susceptibility. This study developed two debris-slide susceptibility models for GRSM using knowledge-driven and data-driven methods in GIS. Six debris-slide causing factors (slope curvature, elevation, soil texture, land cover, annual rainfall, and bedrock discontinuity), and 256 known debris-slide locations were used in the analysis. Knowledge-driven weighted overlay and data-driven bivariate frequency ratio analyses were performed. Both models are helpful; however, each come with a set of advantages and disadvantages regarding degree of complexity, time-dependency, and experience of the analyst. The susceptibility maps are useful to the planners, developers, and engineers for maintaining the park's infrastructures and delineating zones for further detailed geo-technical investigation.","PeriodicalId":43062,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70447890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Modeling Migratory Patterns of the Eastern Monarch Butterfly 东方帝王蝶迁徙模式的建模
IF 0.5
International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/IJAGR.2020100103
K. Kesler, Rick L. Bunch
{"title":"Modeling Migratory Patterns of the Eastern Monarch Butterfly","authors":"K. Kesler, Rick L. Bunch","doi":"10.4018/IJAGR.2020100103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAGR.2020100103","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to relate the influence of specific site suitability variables to eastern monarch butterfly migratory patterns and behavior. Elevation, temperature, precipitation, and land use data layers were overlaid to collectively consider how these variables affected the way that butterflies migrated and recolonized during the 2016/2017 migratory cycle. The variables were reclassified into layers ranking suitability as either unsuitable, suitable, or optimal with respective scores of one, three, and five. Three uninhabitable variables were identified that deemed a site unsuitable despite the influence and possible optimal suitability of the other variables. The results of this study indicated that site suitability was a large driving factor for migratory monarchs with a heavier emphasis placed on average temperature and land/cropland use. Possible displaced and sink populations were identified for further study, while the effects of agriculture, development, and climate change were considered regarding flyway connectivity and behavior.","PeriodicalId":43062,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"42-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43892010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regional Mapping of Vineyards Using Machine Learning and LiDAR Data 利用机器学习和激光雷达数据绘制葡萄园区域地图
IF 0.5
International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/IJAGR.2020100101
A. Prins, A. van Niekerk
{"title":"Regional Mapping of Vineyards Using Machine Learning and LiDAR Data","authors":"A. Prins, A. van Niekerk","doi":"10.4018/IJAGR.2020100101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAGR.2020100101","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the use of LiDAR data and machine learning algorithms for mapping vineyards. Vineyards are planted in rows spaced at various distances, which can cause spectral mixing within individual pixels and complicate image classification. Four resolution where used for generating normalized digital surface model and intensity derivatives from the LiDAR data. In addition, texture measures with window sizes of 3x3 and 5x5 were generated from the LiDAR derivatives. The different combinations of the resolutions and window sizes resulted in eight data sets that were used as input to 11 machine learning algorithms. A larger window size was found to improve the overall accuracy for all the classifier–resolution combinations. The results showed that random forest with texture measures generated at a 5x5 window size outperformed the other experiments, regardless of the resolution used. The authors conclude that the random forest algorithm used on LiDAR derivatives with a resolution of 1.5m and a window size of 5x5 is the recommend configuration for vineyard mapping using LiDAR data.","PeriodicalId":43062,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4018/IJAGR.2020100101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46738050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Effects of Geographic Distribution of Small and Medium-Size Enterprises on Growth, Innovation, and Economic Contributions 中小企业地理分布对成长、创新和经济贡献的影响
IF 0.5
International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/IJAGR.2020100102
Khaula Alkaabi
{"title":"Effects of Geographic Distribution of Small and Medium-Size Enterprises on Growth, Innovation, and Economic Contributions","authors":"Khaula Alkaabi","doi":"10.4018/IJAGR.2020100102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAGR.2020100102","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the impact of the geographical distribution of SMEs on its growth, innovation, and economic contribution and validating the significant difference in the growth and economic contribution of home-based and non-home-based businesses in the UAE. This study also explores the economic and financial performances of SME sectors. Kruskal Wallis Test has been used to find the mean difference in growth and economic contributions of SMEs based on their respectively locations by using secondary data from government authorities. Also, a simple descriptive statistics analysis has been used to represent the data in a graphical and numerical form. Home-based and non-home-based entrepreneurships in the Emirates were mapped using global positioning system (GPS). This study reveals the importance of geographic distribution of SMEs in the country which will help government authorities as well as the entrepreneurs to choose their location for business.","PeriodicalId":43062,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"23-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4018/IJAGR.2020100102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48919842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Baseline Climate Grid Resolution and Climate Time Step Impacts on Desert Vegetation Habitat Models 基线气候网格分辨率和气候时间步长对沙漠植被生境模型的影响
IF 0.5
International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/IJAGR.2020100105
Ross J. Guida, S. R. Abella
{"title":"Baseline Climate Grid Resolution and Climate Time Step Impacts on Desert Vegetation Habitat Models","authors":"Ross J. Guida, S. R. Abella","doi":"10.4018/IJAGR.2020100105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAGR.2020100105","url":null,"abstract":"While it is often the assumption in environmental modeling that finer-resolution modeling is preferred, especially if computation times are not prohibitive, few studies have assessed how climate grid resolution influences the Maxent-predicted habitat of desert vegetation species. Further, drought events can occur over longer or shorter terms with drought length potentially influencing species' habitat distributions. This study uses four higher-elevation Mojave Desert plant species experiencing known habitat contractions corresponding with climatic changes to assess how sensitive Maxent species distribution models are to using 5- and 10-year averaged climate data, as well as 800-m and 4-km resampled gridded climate data. Results show there are spatial differences in models despite relatively consistent clustering of three of the species' recorded field locations, whereas predicting habitat for the more broadly ranging species results in less certainty across all models. Overall, models were more sensitive to the spatial resolution of the climate data than to the climate time step used. When considering geographic areas with high relief, such as the Newberry Mountains in southern Nevada constituting the study area, the spatial resolution of climate data has a major influence on modeled habitat. As more fine-resolution climate data become available, researchers may need to establish more plots for field collection to assess specific microclimatic effects on vegetation.","PeriodicalId":43062,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"79-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4018/IJAGR.2020100105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42785987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mapping Gated Communities 映射网关社区
IF 0.5
International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijagr.2020070104
Ziad Salim
{"title":"Mapping Gated Communities","authors":"Ziad Salim","doi":"10.4018/ijagr.2020070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2020070104","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread proliferation of different types of volunteered geographic information (VGI) is noteworthy as is its potential application to urban studies. However, questions of data quality still remain. In some parts of the Middle East, gated communities have proliferated rapidly, but relatively little is known about their extent or spatial distribution. This case study of gated communities in the state of Bahrain assesses the quality of Wikimapia, a form of VGI, in accurately identifying elements of urban structure (e.g., gated communities) in an urban context from the Global South. Wikimapia demonstrated high levels of positional accuracy and relatively high levels of attribute accuracy. Identifying the locations of gated communities provides a foundation from which other research questions about segregated housing, fragmentation, and socioeconomic polarization can be addressed. These results highlight Wikimapia's potential as a data source for urban research, particularly in data-poor and non-Western/Northern contexts.","PeriodicalId":43062,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"48-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41453143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Geospatial Expose of Flood-Risk and Vulnerable Areas in Nigeria 尼日利亚洪水风险和脆弱地区的地理空间暴露
IF 0.5
International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijagr.20200701.oa1
Chukwudi Gbadebo Njoku, Joel Efiong, Nse-Abasi Ndiyo Ayara
{"title":"A Geospatial Expose of Flood-Risk and Vulnerable Areas in Nigeria","authors":"Chukwudi Gbadebo Njoku, Joel Efiong, Nse-Abasi Ndiyo Ayara","doi":"10.4018/ijagr.20200701.oa1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.20200701.oa1","url":null,"abstract":"Flooding is recurrent in Nigeria, occurring yearly at different scales. This geared the need for a study to reveal local government areas (LGAs) that are at risk and vulnerable to flooding. The multi-criteria approach was adopted, using geospatial techniques and data. Factors considered were elevation, slope, rainfall intensity, and distance to river. The factors were classified, reclassified, rated, and weighed in a systematic process. Nineteen states and 114 LGAs face high risks, especially communities in the Niger Delta, around the lagoons of Lagos, along River Niger, Benue, and the Cross-River. Also, 125 LGAs in 18 states face medium flood-risk vulnerability. Consideration the population density of communities, Lagos State is the most vulnerable because of LGAs with high population densities within high flood-risk zones. Other states with communities exposed to high flood-risk vulnerability include Rivers, Kogi, Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, and Delta. The study provides information key to proactive policy formulation, mitigation, and adaptation to flood risk in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":43062,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4018/ijagr.20200701.oa1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44295729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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