CIVIL WAR HISTORY最新文献

{"title":"Editor's Overview","authors":"Jim Downs","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2022.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2022.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> Editor’s Overview <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Jim Downs, <em>Editor</em> (bio) </li> </ul> <p>The December 2022 issue of <em>Civil War History</em> captures many of the exciting developments in the field. For a decade, prizewinning historian James Oakes has dominated the political history of emancipation with his book <em>Freedom National</em>. Taking his cue from Massachusetts senator Charles Sumner’s 1852 speech, “Freedom National,” Oakes argues that the war did not begin in 1861 to simply preserve the Union and then free enslaved people in 1863 but rather, as Oakes asserts, “liberty <em>and</em> union—were never separate for them” (<em>Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861–1865</em> [New York: W. W. Norton, 2013], xxiv)</p> <p>Many have hailed Oakes’s thesis. James McPherson, one of the war’s most prolific and celebrated historians, blurbed Oakes’s book calling it “the best account we have of the process of emancipation and the ultimate abolition of slavery.” In his review of Oakes’s work, Gary Gallagher posited, “James Oakes has written what should become the starting point for anyone interested in the complex web of factors that killed slavery in the United States” (<em>Journal of the Civil War Era</em> 3 [June 2013]: 262). <em>Library Journal</em> referred to it as “brilliant in analysis and compelling in argument” (November 12, 2012).</p> <p>Given such raving reviews, it is surprising that anyone would want to challenge Oakes’s thesis; in fact, when books make such a splash, they often unwittingly become the last word in the field rather than generate further research or debate. Yet, Ivan Iverson counters Oakes’s idea. Drawing on a rich range of newspapers and private letters, including those written by Lincoln, Iverson shows that Republicans were not invested in abolition of slavery when the war began. He questions Oakes’s formulation that antislavery Republicans “constituted the left wing of the American political spectrum.” Iverson writes, “By imposing a left–right political dichotomy onto the mid-nineteenth century, Oakes creates categories that would have been unrecognizable to politicians of the period.”</p> <p>It is this type of scholarly exchange that that the journal wants to promote. Readers will be left to decide for themselves: does Oakes have the last word, or has Iverson marshaled persuasive evidence to upend the “Freedom National” thesis?</p> <p>In keeping with the spirit of scholarly debate, the next article in this month’s issue focuses on Civil War monuments and memory. Lindsey R. Peterson has written a compelling article on Jennie Wade, the only civilian casualty of the Battle of Gettysburg. While Wade is a household name among Gettysburg aficionados, Peterson introduces Wade to readers who have not heard of her story but also, more importantly, charts the polemic","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138543616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative to the Last Degree: The Emerging Illinois Republican Party and the Election of 1856","authors":"Ian Iverson","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2022.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2022.0035","url":null,"abstract":"With the 1856 Illinois anti-Nebraska state convention rapidly approaching, former state legislator Orville H. Browning balanced his optimism for the coming national election with deep fears for what the meeting might yield. Writing to the state’s junior US senator, Lyman Trumbull, Browning explained his plan “to keep the party of this state under the control of moderate men, and conservative influences. . . . If we do so[,] the future destiny of the state is in our own hands.” But “if rash and ultra counsels prevail all is lost.”1 Browning’s hopes and fears for that election reflected the worldview of non-radicals—a broad constituency in Illinois—whom the historian Adam I. P. Smith has labeled the “silent majority” of the Northern electorate.2 Properly situating Illinois within the geography of what William W. Freehling has labeled the “Border North,” makes it clear that most Illinoisans held distinctly conservative antislavery convictions.3 To be sure, they preferred free labor to slavery, but like the residents of Indiana and some portions of New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, the citizens of the state retained deep cultural and economic ties to their slave-state neighbors and proved reluctant to interfere","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"40 1","pages":"349 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87723744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"South to Freedom: Runaway Slaves to Mexico and the Road to the Civil War by Alice L. Baumgartner (review)","authors":"Mark Smith","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2022.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2022.0039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"7 1","pages":"428 - 429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77319672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roundtable Discussion on Deborah Willis’s The Black Civil War Soldier: The Visual History of Conflict and Citizenship","authors":"J. Downs, D. Blight, Cheryl Finley, Matthew Fox-Amato, S. E. Lewis, N. Painter, Ann M. Shumard, Deborah Willis","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2022.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2022.0037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"43 1","pages":"397 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84775141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Chaotic Freedom” in Civil War Louisiana: The Origins of an Iconic Image by Bruce Laurie (review)","authors":"A. Cross","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2022.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2022.0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"41 4 1","pages":"323 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82850747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Port Hudson: The Most Significant Battlefield Photographs of the Civil War by Lawrence Lee Hewitt (review)","authors":"Carol M DeGrasse","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2022.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2022.0028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"37 1","pages":"326 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75298904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prisoners with Undaunted Patriotism: Incarcerated Black Soldiers and Battles of Citizenship in Military Prisons during the Civil War","authors":"J. Lande","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2022.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2022.0023","url":null,"abstract":"During the Civil War, the US Army incarcerated Black soldiers in jerrybuilt military prisons scattered across the Union and Confederacy. Imprisoned in Vicksburg, Mississippi, deserters like Privates Spencer Watson of the Fifth US Colored Heavy Artillery (USCHA) and Lewis Turk of the Forty-Seventh US Colored Infantry (USCI) served out their sentences near their regiments.1 Meanwhile, over a hundred Black soldiers were imprisoned far from their regiments in Fort Jefferson, on the tiny archipelago of Dry Tortugas, Florida, sixty miles west of Key West. Among the inmates there were soldiers convicted for mutinous reactions to unequal pay or seeing a white officer whipping a fellow Black soldier.2 These Black inmates suggest a very different experience","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"25 1","pages":"229 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79281794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor’s Overview","authors":"Jim Downs","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2022.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2022.0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"95 1","pages":"227 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85670784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sexuality of Civil War Historiography: How Two Versions of Homosexuality Make Meaning of the War","authors":"A. Donnelly","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2022.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2022.0025","url":null,"abstract":"The central scene in James K. Hosmer’s 1865 novel The Thinking Bayonet takes place in a Confederate prison camp. Two men, a Union solder and a Confederate soldier, say farewell: “Hands for a moment on one another’s shoulders; bearded faces, damp with the rain now falling, coming together under the dark in a kiss.” At a college in Massachusetts, the pair had been intimates who, as a classmate wrote, “have a love for one another, almost surpassing the love of women.” They broke up over the issue of slavery, when the Southerner returned to his family’s slave plantation in Louisiana and the Northerner became involved in Massachusetts abolitionism. The Southerner enlisted in the Confederate army, declaring, “I hate the North . . . and yet the only man I ever loved was a Northerner.” Coincidentally overhearing this declaration, the Northerner resolved to fight his onetime friend, “I say it while I love him.”1 The prison kiss is their last. The novel ends with the Southerner, his Confederacy, and their romantic friendship all dead, deaths necessary both for national reunion and the Northerner’s eventual heterosexual marriage. Hosmer, a Harvard graduate who served as an infantryman in the Union campaign for the southern Mississippi River, framed the crisis in his novel within the broad “we are not enemies but friends” framework of Abraham Lincoln’s first inaugural address: “Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.”2 Hosmer’s novel did so by narrating the war","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"156 1","pages":"295 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77470497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ledger and the Chain: How Domestic Slave Traders Shaped America by Joshua D. Rothman (review)","authors":"David Silkenat","doi":"10.1353/cwh.2022.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2022.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, historians of antebellum slavery have shifted their attention from the plantation to the auction block. Groundbreaking works by Steven Deyle, Robert Gudmestad, Walter Johnson, Edward Baptist, Calvin Schermerhorn, and others have demonstrated that the domestic slave trade was central to the development of the South’s peculiar institution but also to American capitalism more broadly. Once dismissed as peripheral, disreputable elements of white society, slave traders have emerged as important agents in the transformation of the American South. Joshua Rothman’s new book seeks to give a face, or more accurately three faces, to slave traders and thereby illuminate how they were “vital gears in the machine of slavery” and how “they held define the financial, political, legal, cultural, and demographic contours of a growing nation” (6). Isaac Franklin, John Armfield, and Rice Ballard built the most successful slave trading partnership in the antebellum South, responsible for trafficking more than ten thousand people from Alexandria and Richmond to New Orleans and Natchez. The three men came from different backgrounds, but all shared a common lust for profits and saw opportunities for innovation in the domestic slave trade. Rothman demonstrates that the slave trading firm operated as a modern business within the growing market economy. Its owners employed a network of purchasing agents, owned slave jails and warehouses, deployed complex financial instruments, advertised widely, and purchased steamships to transport their human cargo from the Chesapeake to the Lower South. They worked with bankers, merchants, planters, lawyers, and politicians, and circulated in elite society. Their partnership lasted only a decade, a long time by the standards of slave trading corporations, dissolving just prior to the Panic of 1837. The partners left the business as phenomenally wealthy","PeriodicalId":43056,"journal":{"name":"CIVIL WAR HISTORY","volume":"5 1","pages":"322 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87566005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}