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Proof of Einstein’s postulates 爱因斯坦假设的证明
Annals of Mathematics and Physics Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.17352/amp.000035
Golovkin Bg
{"title":"Proof of Einstein’s postulates","authors":"Golovkin Bg","doi":"10.17352/amp.000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/amp.000035","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the assumption that the experiment confirms the STR, it is shown that the value of the speed of light is a very slowly decreasing function of its frequency, so that at a frequency of 2.2989.10-18 S-1, the speed of light becomes zero. Such light represents resting particles – photonics that could serve as the Absolute Reference System, but due to their negligible mass, do not have a noticeable effect on the processes taking place. This explains Einstein’s principle of relativity. The formulas for the change in the speed and frequency of light during the transition from one IRS to another, within the measurement error, remain unchanged, which proves the postulate of the constancy of the speed of light in any IRS. It is shown that all STR formulas include not the speed of light, but the fundamental constant C, equal to the speed of light with a frequency ν = ∞. The proposed explanation of the correctness of Einstein’s postulates is logically, apparently, the only possible one.","PeriodicalId":430514,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Mathematics and Physics","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133128949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the shape and fate of our Universe 我们宇宙的形状和命运
Annals of Mathematics and Physics Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.17352/amp.000034
K. S
{"title":"On the shape and fate of our Universe","authors":"K. S","doi":"10.17352/amp.000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/amp.000034","url":null,"abstract":"Einstein’s special and general theories of relativity revolutionized physics and cosmology. Newton assumed four identities namely mass, energy, space, and time. He told that space is absolute. Einstein modified and refined Newtonian concepts s by postulating that mass-energy and space-time. This enabled Einstein to find special relativity theory which predicted the variance of mass with velocity, the equivalent of mass and energy, time dilation, and length contraction. The extension and generalization of special relativity theory is the outcome of general relativity theory which is the geometrical interpretation of gravity. Almost all the predictions of Einstein’s general relativity theory have been experimentally verified. By delving into the equations of general relativity, the famous Russian mathematician Alexander Freedman found that the geometry of our Universe has only three possibilities, namely, open, closed, and flat. Freedman’s publication in the 1920s paved the way to study the geometry and fate of our Universe. Recently, NASA’s WMAP spacecraft and ESA’s Planck probes and observations revealed that the geometry of our Universe is flat with a marginal error of 0.04%. But to this day, there is no mathematical proof for these observations. In this short work, by applying the multiplication and division laws of number theory to cosmic triangles the author attempts to show that the shape/geometry of our Universe is FLAT.","PeriodicalId":430514,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Mathematics and Physics","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133940942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Algebra, Cosmic Triangles and the shape of our Universe 关于代数，宇宙三角形和我们宇宙的形状
Annals of Mathematics and Physics Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.17352/amp.000033
K. S
{"title":"On Algebra, Cosmic Triangles and the shape of our Universe","authors":"K. S","doi":"10.17352/amp.000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/amp.000033","url":null,"abstract":"The curvature parameter k and the density parameter omega play the dominant phenomena determining the fate of our universe. According to these two scales, the geometry of the universe has three possibilities namely, flat, open, or closed. The flat and open universe will have continual expansion. But the closed universe will turn around and collapse. If k is zero, the universe is flat, if it is greater than zero, it is closed and if k is less than zero the universe will be open. And if the density parameter Omega is one (1), the universe is flat, if it is greater than one, the universe will be closed and if it is less than one, the universe is open. The main thing is that if the sum of the interior angles of the cosmic triangles is equal to 180 degrees, the geometry of our universe is flat /Euclidean If it is less than 180 degrees, the shape of our universe is open/ hyperbolic and if it is greater than 180 degrees it is closed/elliptic. In this short work, by applying the fundamental operations of classical algebra to the cosmic triangles, the author attempts to prove that the shape of our universe is flat.","PeriodicalId":430514,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Mathematics and Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116957537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Logic proves that time does not get faster or slower (the universe is not produced by the singularity big bang) 逻辑证明时间不会变快或变慢(宇宙不是由奇点大爆炸产生的)
Annals of Mathematics and Physics Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.17352/amp.000032
Linghong Xie
{"title":"Logic proves that time does not get faster or slower (the universe is not produced by the singularity big bang)","authors":"Linghong Xie","doi":"10.17352/amp.000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/amp.000032","url":null,"abstract":"I use the axiom that equal conditions must have the same result. Axiom proves that no matter how the velocity of an object changes, the time of all objects remains unchanged and unified. Time can be expressed as an eternal constant. Time belongs to the abstract concept of material attributes, and time is not a material concept. There is an abstract concept of uniform velocity in the universe (For example, the velocity of light wave in vacuum is constant “C”). According to the constant and uniform velocity of time, an important physical theory is proved: the universe is not produced by the singularity big bang. Mathematical classification code: 00A79;83F05;00A30;03A05;70A05;70F20;03A10;03F03.","PeriodicalId":430514,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Mathematics and Physics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130136183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Drag force through gases and plasma 阻力通过气体和等离子体
Annals of Mathematics and Physics Pub Date : 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.17352/amp.000031
A. M.
{"title":"Drag force through gases and plasma","authors":"A. M.","doi":"10.17352/amp.000031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/amp.000031","url":null,"abstract":"The drag force in a gas (previously derived by Stokes and Rayleigh) is derived by means of the molecular kinetics (transport equation of the momentum). Two regimes of resistance to motion are identified, governed by the relation of the velocity to the thermal (molecular) velocity. They correspond to the molecular movement, for small velocities, or to the hydrodynamic motion for high velocities. In the former case sound waves are not excited, and energy is dissipated by viscosity (friction), while in the latter case the energy is dissipated by the excitation of the sound waves. Also, the treatment is applied to the plasma. It is shown that in usual plasmas it is unlikely that the body motion excites plasmons.","PeriodicalId":430514,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Mathematics and Physics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122430376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the special spherical triangles for physical and cosmological applications 关于物理和宇宙学应用的特殊球面三角形
Annals of Mathematics and Physics Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.17352/amp.000030
K. S
{"title":"On the special spherical triangles for physical and cosmological applications","authors":"K. S","doi":"10.17352/amp.000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/amp.000030","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that a spherical triangle of 270 degree triangle is constructible on the surface of a sphere; a globe is a good example. Take a point (A) on the equator, draw a line 1/4 the way around (90 degrees of longitude) on the equator to a new point (B).","PeriodicalId":430514,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Mathematics and Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134214021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An introduction to the superunified theory of quantum fields & fundamental interactions (Discoveries in pure mathematics) 量子场和基本相互作用的超统一理论简介(纯数学的发现)
Annals of Mathematics and Physics Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.17352/amp.000029
Erdeni Besud Chu
{"title":"An introduction to the superunified theory of quantum fields & fundamental interactions (Discoveries in pure mathematics)","authors":"Erdeni Besud Chu","doi":"10.17352/amp.000029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/amp.000029","url":null,"abstract":"This is intended to describe the physical Universe as self-excited and self-organized mathematical continuum. There does exist the universal pure (not applied) mathematical machine perceived by the intelligent observers in a capacity of certain material world. In this short article we are able to indicate only some key points of the theory which suggests practically infinite amount of combinatorics.","PeriodicalId":430514,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Mathematics and Physics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121346642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paintings crack initiation time caused by microclimate 涂料裂纹萌生时间受小气候影响
Annals of Mathematics and Physics Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.17352/amp.000028
Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi Mohammad Yaghoub
{"title":"Paintings crack initiation time caused by microclimate","authors":"Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi Mohammad Yaghoub","doi":"10.17352/amp.000028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/amp.000028","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper aims to use an irreversible cohesive zone model to investigate the effects of temperature and relative humidity cycles on multilayer thin-film paintings. The homogenous one-dimensional paint layers composed of alkyd and acrylic gesso over a canvas foundation (support) with known constant thicknesses are considered as the mechanical model of painting. Experimental data was used for mathematical modeling of canvas as a linear elastic material and paint as a viscoelastic material with the Prony series. Growth of crack through the length of the paint layers under the low amplitude cyclic stresses are modeled by cyclic mechanical loadings. The three-dimensional system is modeled using a finite element method. Fatigue damage parameters such as crack initiation time and maximum loads are calculated by an irreversible cohesive zone model used to control the interface separation. In addition, the effects of initial crack length and layers thickness are studied. With the increase of the painting thickness and/or the initial crack length, the value of the maximum force increases. Moreover, by increasing the Relative Humidity (RH) and the temperature difference at loading by one cycle per day, the values of initiation time of delamination decrease. It is shown that the thickness of painting layers is the most important parameter in crack initiation times and crack growth rate in historical paintings in museums and conservation settings.","PeriodicalId":430514,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Mathematics and Physics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117149916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Random oscillations of nonlinear systems with distributed Parameter 分布参数非线性系统的随机振动
Annals of Mathematics and Physics Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.17352/amp.000027
Gavasheli Levan, Gavasheli Anri
{"title":"Random oscillations of nonlinear systems with distributed Parameter","authors":"Gavasheli Levan, Gavasheli Anri","doi":"10.17352/amp.000027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/amp.000027","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes random vibrations of nonlinear mechanical systems with distributed parameters. The motion of such systems is described by nonlinear partial differential equations with corresponding initial and boundary conditions. In our case, the system as a whole is limited, so any motion can be considered as the sum of the natural oscillations of the system, i.e. in the form of an expansion of the boundary value problem in terms of own functions. The use of the theory of random processes in the calculation of mechanical systems is a prerequisite for the creation of sound design methods and the creation of effective vibration protection devices, these methods allow us to investigate dynamic processes, to determine the probabilistic characteristics of displacements of points of the system and their first two derivatives. In the work established these conditions are met, they provide effective vibration protection of the system under study with wide changes in the pass band of the frequencies of the random vibration effect, and the frequency of the disturbing force is much greater than the natural frequency of the system as a whole, in addition, with an increase in the damping capacity of the elastic-damping link of the system, the intensity of the random process significantly decreases, which in turn leads to a sharp decrease in the dynamic coefficient of the system.","PeriodicalId":430514,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Mathematics and Physics","volume":"289 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127172810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Bogolubov’s chain of kinetic equations, the invariant subspaces and the corresponding Dirac type reduction 关于Bogolubov链动力学方程，不变子空间和相应的Dirac型约简
Annals of Mathematics and Physics Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.17352/amp.000026
Prykarpatsky Yarema A, Kycia Radoslaw, Prykarpatski Anatolij K
{"title":"On the Bogolubov’s chain of kinetic equations, the invariant subspaces and the corresponding Dirac type reduction","authors":"Prykarpatsky Yarema A, Kycia Radoslaw, Prykarpatski Anatolij K","doi":"10.17352/amp.000026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/amp.000026","url":null,"abstract":"We study a special class of dynamical systems of Boltzmann-Bogolubov and Boltzmann-Vlasov type on infinite dimensional functional manifolds modeling kinetic processes in manyparticle media. Based on geometric properties of the manyparticle phase space we succeded in dual analysing of the infinite Bogolubov hierarchy of manyparticle distribution functions and their Hamiltonian structure. Moreover, we proposed a new approach to invariant reducing the Bogolubov hierarchy on a suitably chosen correlation function constraint and deducing the related modified Boltzmann-Bogolubov kinetic equations on a finite set of multiparticle distribution functions.","PeriodicalId":430514,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Mathematics and Physics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121459009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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