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Public Versus Private Investment in Education in a Two Tiers System: The Role of Income Inequality and Intergenerational Persistence in Education 双轨制下的公共与私人教育投资：收入不平等和教育代际持续性的作用
IF 1.2
Italian Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40797-023-00256-0
{"title":"Public Versus Private Investment in Education in a Two Tiers System: The Role of Income Inequality and Intergenerational Persistence in Education","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40797-023-00256-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-023-00256-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>This paper provides a simple political economy model of hierarchical education to study the endogenous determination of the public education budget and its allocation between different tiers of education (basic and advanced). The model integrates private education decisions by allowing parents, who are differentiated according to income and human capital, to opt out of the public system and enrol their offspring at private universities. Majority voting decides the size of the budget allocated to education and the expenditure composition. The model exhibits a potential for multiple equilibria and ‘low education’ traps. Income inequality and the intergenerational persistence of educational attainments play a fundamental role in deciding the equilibrium. The main predictions of the theory are broadly consistent with descriptive cross-country evidence collected for 43 high-middle income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":43048,"journal":{"name":"Italian Economic Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139373250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Success Stems from STEM Fields: An Analysis of Italian Graduates 成功源于 STEM 领域：意大利毕业生分析
IF 1.2
Italian Economic Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40797-023-00255-1
Antonella Rocca, Claudio Quintano
{"title":"Success Stems from STEM Fields: An Analysis of Italian Graduates","authors":"Antonella Rocca, Claudio Quintano","doi":"10.1007/s40797-023-00255-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-023-00255-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The school-to-work transition in Italy is very long. In this paper, we measure the differences in the school-to-work duration for Italian graduates in the STEM and non-STEM fields using data from the ISTAT Professional integration of Graduates survey. We used different parametric and non-parametric approaches based on survival analysis. In particular, through competitive risk analysis, we control even the possibility that the job search ends with a transition to the status of inactivity, still very frequent among Italian people, especially women. Further, we compare STWT durations conditioned to several relevant characteristics. We find that the STWT has an average duration of 14 months for those who graduated in health sciences, 24 for other scientific fields, and more than two years for those graduating in a humanities field. Other significant differences arise when we account for gender, especially when we consider an exit from the STWT for inactivity, for region of residence, family background, and even for active participation in university activities. Further, the analysis highlights the existence of a dual labor market, with shorter transitions to stable and satisfactory jobs and longer transitions for jobs with opposite characteristics. The findings open up many policy implications. Actions that could help in reducing the duration of the STWT are: stimulating more young people, in particular women, to choose STEM disciplines; reducing the Italian territorial divide, reinforcing universities in the South and their connections with the productive system, incentivizing students to actively participate in courses, and other activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":43048,"journal":{"name":"Italian Economic Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138630561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Italy’s National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Will it Narrow the North–South Productivity Gap? 意大利的国家复苏和恢复计划：它能缩小南北生产力差距吗？
IF 1.2
Italian Economic Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40797-023-00254-2
Luciano Mauro, Francesco Pigliaru
{"title":"Italy’s National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Will it Narrow the North–South Productivity Gap?","authors":"Luciano Mauro, Francesco Pigliaru","doi":"10.1007/s40797-023-00254-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-023-00254-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We develop an endogenous growth model to simulate the long-term impact of Italy's National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) on the persistent North–South productivity gap. Our model underscores public investment as a catalyst for sustained economic growth and highlights the reliance of local government quality on the surrounding social capital. In regions with low social capital, local investment management diminishes efficiency due to prevalent misappropriation. In contrast, centralized management enhances the effectiveness of public action in these situations. The NRRP's overall effect therefore relies on the government level to which investment management is assigned. Our quantitative exercises show that compared to centralization, decentralization weakens the NRRP's impact on the relative position of the South. However, even under our best scenario—centralized management—the NRRP only slightly reduces the North–South productivity ratio from 75 to 76.4%. Finally, our research highlights the pivotal role of a reform aimed at maintaining central control over Southern public investments well beyond 2026, when the NRRP's actions and governance are due to stop. This type of reform can potentially yield more substantial, positive, and lasting impacts on the South region.</p>","PeriodicalId":43048,"journal":{"name":"Italian Economic Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138560312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Nonlinearity, Endogeneity, and Interaction: Implications for European Reform of Budgetary Rules 非线性、内生性和相互作用:对欧洲预算规则改革的启示
IF 1.2
Italian Economic Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40797-023-00253-3
Alessandro Bellocchi, Giuseppe Travaglini
{"title":"Nonlinearity, Endogeneity, and Interaction: Implications for European Reform of Budgetary Rules","authors":"Alessandro Bellocchi, Giuseppe Travaglini","doi":"10.1007/s40797-023-00253-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-023-00253-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>EU fiscal rules have been suspended until 2024. European policymakers are considering whether to reinstate the existing fiscal rules or to define a <i>new framework</i>. Member States must have enough <i>fiscal space</i>. But the <i>sustainability of public debt</i> must be safeguarded. We use a nonlinear dynamic model to test if a <i>primary balance adjustment rule</i> can preserve debt sustainability in the presence of interactions between fiscal policy, economic growth, and interest rates. We find that a <i>dynamic</i> adjustment rule to changes in <i>debt service</i> can reduce the equilibrium <i>debt ratio,</i> even stabilizing the associated <i>risk premium</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":43048,"journal":{"name":"Italian Economic Journal","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138532203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Italy and the Trap of GVC Downgrading: Labour Dependence in the European Geography of Production 意大利与全球价值链降级的陷阱:欧洲生产地理中的劳动力依赖
IF 1.2
Italian Economic Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40797-023-00251-5
Lorenzo Cresti, Giovanni Dosi, Federico Riccio, Maria Enrica Virgillito
{"title":"Italy and the Trap of GVC Downgrading: Labour Dependence in the European Geography of Production","authors":"Lorenzo Cresti, Giovanni Dosi, Federico Riccio, Maria Enrica Virgillito","doi":"10.1007/s40797-023-00251-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-023-00251-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How does Italy position inside the European structure of trade relationships? How labour bilateral flows have changed over time? Which type of employment activity has been outsourced? Which insourced? Focusing on a three-country perspective, what are the employment bilateral relationships between Italy-Germany-Poland (descending periphery-core-ascending periphery)? To address these questions we develop a novel set of bilateral labour dependence indicators inside I-O production networks. Overall, we provide evidence of the reconfiguration of Italy as falling into the trap of GVC downgrading, with an increasing number of trade relationships in employment requirements, particularly in the most strategic productions, as insourced from abroad. The offshoring strategy conducted so far has resulted in a weakening of its internal production capacity and employment absorption, even more harshly when compared to other European countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":43048,"journal":{"name":"Italian Economic Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138532204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are they Twins or Only Friends? The Redundancy and Complementarity of Energy Poverty Indicators in Italy 他们是双胞胎还是朋友?意大利能源贫困指标的冗余性和互补性
Italian Economic Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40797-023-00246-2
Rossella Bardazzi, Luca Bortolotti, Maria Grazia Pazienza
{"title":"Are they Twins or Only Friends? The Redundancy and Complementarity of Energy Poverty Indicators in Italy","authors":"Rossella Bardazzi, Luca Bortolotti, Maria Grazia Pazienza","doi":"10.1007/s40797-023-00246-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-023-00246-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A large body of literature has developed numerous unidimensional and multidimensional indicators to identify energy-poor households, also with the aim of targeting public policies. They all have pros and cons and may identify different populations. How do they relate to each other? How should they be used in a country such as Italy where energy poverty has not yet been officially defined? We frame these research questions in a context of general social vulnerability in which several dimensions of poverty intersect. Using SILC data (EU and IT modules) for the period 2004–2015 we compare four widely used unidimensional indicators and provide evidence—for the Italian case—that complementarity among the indicators prevails since the complexity of energy poverty requires a combination of metrics to capture various vulnerabilities. Our results confirm the set of relevant factors affecting the probability of being energy poor which are indicated in the related economics literature, regardless of which indicator is used. They may help tailor policies to tackle the phenomenon. Based on these findings, we strongly support the idea of using a dashboard of different metrics to measure energy poverty to design effective policies.","PeriodicalId":43048,"journal":{"name":"Italian Economic Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135392002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring and Exploring Regional Trade Resilience in Italy During Different Crises 不同危机时期意大利区域贸易弹性的测度与探索
Italian Economic Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40797-023-00250-6
Roberta Arbolino, Raffaele Boffardi, P. Di Caro
{"title":"Measuring and Exploring Regional Trade Resilience in Italy During Different Crises","authors":"Roberta Arbolino, Raffaele Boffardi, P. Di Caro","doi":"10.1007/s40797-023-00250-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-023-00250-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43048,"journal":{"name":"Italian Economic Journal","volume":"82 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135391033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring Urban–Rural Paradox: Does Going Rural Mean Higher Life Satisfaction? 探索城乡矛盾:下乡意味着更高的生活满意度吗?
Italian Economic Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40797-023-00248-0
Bianca Biagi, Marta Meleddu
{"title":"Exploring Urban–Rural Paradox: Does Going Rural Mean Higher Life Satisfaction?","authors":"Bianca Biagi, Marta Meleddu","doi":"10.1007/s40797-023-00248-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-023-00248-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A stylised fact in regional and urban studies of life satisfaction in developed countries is that people living in cities report being less satisfied than those in rural areas. Building upon the theoretical framework of Sen’s capability approach, along with research on life satisfaction and amenities, this paper examines the role of amenity availability and accessibility, as well as social relations, in shaping life satisfaction. Using data from the 2013–2018 household survey conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) in Italian regions at the NUTS2 level, this study explores the role of availability and accessibility of amenities and social relations on urban–rural life satisfaction. Results suggest that the likelihood of having higher life satisfaction is associated with living in wealthier rural places where higher-ranked cities exert accessibility and positive externalities in line with the borrowed size concept by Alonso (Daedalus 102(4):191–206, 1973).","PeriodicalId":43048,"journal":{"name":"Italian Economic Journal","volume":"50 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in the Italian Employment Structure and Job Quality 意大利就业结构和工作质量的变化
Italian Economic Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40797-023-00247-1
Silvia Anna Maria Camussi, Luciana Aimone Gigio
{"title":"Changes in the Italian Employment Structure and Job Quality","authors":"Silvia Anna Maria Camussi, Luciana Aimone Gigio","doi":"10.1007/s40797-023-00247-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-023-00247-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43048,"journal":{"name":"Italian Economic Journal","volume":"21 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Navigating the Storm: The Impact of Covid-19 on Turkish Exports 在风暴中航行:Covid-19对土耳其出口的影响
Italian Economic Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s40797-023-00249-z
Seda Köymen-Özer, Daniela Maggioni
{"title":"Navigating the Storm: The Impact of Covid-19 on Turkish Exports","authors":"Seda Köymen-Özer, Daniela Maggioni","doi":"10.1007/s40797-023-00249-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-023-00249-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43048,"journal":{"name":"Italian Economic Journal","volume":"37 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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