National Journal of Community Medicine最新文献_第9页

Autism Spectrum Disorders-A Review on The Preventive Aspects 自闭症谱系障碍的预防研究综述

National Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.55489/njcm.140620232975

S. Barik, L. Patnaik, Sumitra Pattanaik

{"title":"Autism Spectrum Disorders-A Review on The Preventive Aspects","authors":"S. Barik, L. Patnaik, Sumitra Pattanaik","doi":"10.55489/njcm.140620232975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.140620232975","url":null,"abstract":"Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder presenting with defects in social communication skills and repetitive sensory motor behaviour. There has been increasing concern regarding this disorder due to its increase in incidence and prevalence in recent years. Since it stays for lifelong and has no specific pharmacological treatment, many studies are being conducted to find ways of preventing this disorder. Better understanding of the causative factors will lead to better development of prevention strategies. This review aims at highlighting the methods of prevention of ASD which are mostly focussed on the environmental factors causing ASD as well as the ongoing researches on development of drugs and genetic modification using animal models. Some studies have shown preventive effects of factors such as nutrition supplements such as Vitamin D and folate, breastfeeding and avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals and drugs. The aim is to prevent the occurrence of the disorder and preventing the severity of symptoms wherever possible. Still more studies are needed to establish the exact association between the possible causative factors and ASD so that clinical trials can be done to establish the preventive effects in future.","PeriodicalId":430059,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115608726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Way Forward for A Greener Future – Sustainability in Oral Health Care 绿色未来的前进之路-口腔保健的可持续性

National Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.55489/njcm.140620232887

Hephzibah Blessy Jangili, N. Vyas

引用次数: 0

Charting Fertility Trends: A Global Odyssey with Profound Implications 绘制生育趋势:具有深远影响的全球奥德赛

National Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.55489/njcm.140620233108

S. Nayak

引用次数: 0

Exploring The Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Weight Perception, And Weight Change Behaviour Among University Students in Urban Gujarat, India: A Cross-Sectional Study 印度古吉拉特邦城市大学生体重指数(BMI)、体重感知和体重改变行为之间的关系:一项横断面研究

National Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.55489/njcm.140620232894

Rajanikant Solanki, H. Shah, Tejas Prajapati

{"title":"Exploring The Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Weight Perception, And Weight Change Behaviour Among University Students in Urban Gujarat, India: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Rajanikant Solanki, H. Shah, Tejas Prajapati","doi":"10.55489/njcm.140620232894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.140620232894","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the context of the rising trend of overweight and obesity, young people are more concerned about their weight. This study investigates the association between measured Body Mass Index (BMI), self-perception of body weight and weight change behavior among university students.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed a sample of 415 university students aged 18-23 years residing in urban areas of Anand. Measures included weight, height, BMI, body weight perception and weight change behavior. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, the student’s t-test and Chi-square test.\u0000Results: About 36.1% of the participants misclassified their weight category. More women than men felt overweight in relation to their actual body shape. Among normal-weight or underweight BMI participants, 44.4% of females and 31.8% of males were inappropriately trying to lose weight.\u0000Conclusions: The study showed a higher prevalence of weight perception and inappropriate weight change behaviour. It also observed that the correct perception of body weight influences the willingness to lose or gain weight. It is important to consider these issues while designing a public health campaign targeting obesity and healthy lifestyles.","PeriodicalId":430059,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134113945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effectiveness of Machine Learning Systems' Accuracy in Predicting Heart Stroke Using Socio-Demographic and Risk Factors - A Comparative Analysis of Various Models 机器学习系统使用社会人口统计学和危险因素预测心脏病的准确性的有效性-各种模型的比较分析

National Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.55489/njcm.140620233026

N. Panda, K. L. Mahanta, Jitendra kumar Pati, Ruchi Bhuyan, Soumya subhashree Satapathy

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Machine Learning Systems' Accuracy in Predicting Heart Stroke Using Socio-Demographic and Risk Factors - A Comparative Analysis of Various Models","authors":"N. Panda, K. L. Mahanta, Jitendra kumar Pati, Ruchi Bhuyan, Soumya subhashree Satapathy","doi":"10.55489/njcm.140620233026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.140620233026","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiologists can more appropriately classify patients' cardiovascular diseases by executing accurate diagnoses and prognoses, enabling them to administer the most appropriate care. Due to machine learning's ability to identify patterns in data, its applications in the medical sector have grown. Diagnosticians can avoid making mistakes by classifying the incidence of cardiovascular illness using machine learning. To lower the fatality rate brought on by cardiovascular disorders, our research developed a model that can correctly forecast these conditions.\u0000Methods: This study emphasized a model that can correctly forecast cardiovascular illnesses to lower the death rate brought on by these conditions. We deployed four well-known classification machine learning algorithms like K nearest Neighbour, Logistic Regression, Artificial Neural network, and Decision tree.\u0000Results: The proposed models were evaluated by their performance matrices. However logistic regression performed high accuracy concerning AUC (0.955) 95% CI (0.872-0.965) followed by the artificial neural network. AUC (0.864) 95% CI (0.826-0.912).\u0000Conclusion: Individuals' risk of having a cardiac event may be predicted using machine learning, and those who are most at risk can be identified. Predictive models may be developed via machine learning to pinpoint those who have a high chance of suffering a heart attack.","PeriodicalId":430059,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134646022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Depression Among Elderly Women in Rural Mandya, Karnataka: A Cross Sectional Study 卡纳塔克邦曼迪亚农村老年妇女抑郁症:一项横断面研究

National Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.55489/njcm.140520232739

Sivapria KA, Manuja LM, Vinay M, Raghavendra Kumar C, Harish BR

{"title":"Depression Among Elderly Women in Rural Mandya, Karnataka: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Sivapria KA, Manuja LM, Vinay M, Raghavendra Kumar C, Harish BR","doi":"10.55489/njcm.140520232739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.140520232739","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression is characterized by persistent sadness and lack of interest or pleasure in enjoyable activities and disturbed sleep and appetite. Women suffer from depression the most, as the hurdles faced by Indian women include lack of awareness, stigma, disadvantaged position of women, multiple roles, increased levels of stress, and domestic violence. This study is to determine the prevalence of depression among elderly women and to determine the factors affecting it.\u0000Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 783 elderly women (aged 60 years or more), residing in rural Mandya (South Karnataka) by interviewing them using a semi-structured proforma. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was used to assess depression.\u0000Mean, standard deviation and proportion were used for descriptive statistics. Chi square test was used to determine association of risk factors.\u0000Results: The prevalence of depression was found to be 31.6%. The major factors affecting depression were increasing age, illness and loneliness.\u0000Conclusions: The prevalence of depression in the elderly women was high (31.6%). By identifying risk factors for depression among the elderly population and screening them on time, we can reduce the severity and burden of the disease to a greater extent.","PeriodicalId":430059,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123466841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Analysis of The Trend of Incidences and Fatality of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in East Java from 2015-2020: A Lesson From COVID-19 2015-2020年东爪哇省肺结核发病和病死率趋势分析——以新冠肺炎为例

National Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.55489/njcm.140520232903

Muhamad Frendy Setyawan, N. Mertaniasih, B. Utomo, S. Soedarsono, I. M. Adnyana, D. S. Eljatin, Lesty Helda Marsel Sumah, Citra Al Karina, Z. Nuha

{"title":"An Analysis of The Trend of Incidences and Fatality of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in East Java from 2015-2020: A Lesson From COVID-19","authors":"Muhamad Frendy Setyawan, N. Mertaniasih, B. Utomo, S. Soedarsono, I. M. Adnyana, D. S. Eljatin, Lesty Helda Marsel Sumah, Citra Al Karina, Z. Nuha","doi":"10.55489/njcm.140520232903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.140520232903","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is still a public health problem, and surveillance data analysis has not been done much. Recently a global pandemic of COVID-19 has the potential in disturbing TB elimination programs and treatment. This study aims to comprehensively analyse the incidence rate (IR) and Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of pulmonary tuberculosis in East Java from 2015–2020 and during COVID-19 and the strategies for optimizing tuberculosis disease control.\u0000Methodology: The study analyzed annual surveillance data using an analytical descriptive design. The Variables were analyzed with Spearman correlation with a level of evidence of 95% (p<0.05).\u0000Results: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in East Java fluctuated from 2015–2020. In 2020 and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases and morbidity rates increased. Statistic results confirm the presence of a significant correlation between the values of Incidence rate (IR) and Case Fatality rate (CFR) (p = 0.032), IR and Treatment Success Rate (TSR) (p = 0.020), and CFR and TSR (p = 0.002). Population density is not correlated with the number of new cases (p = 0.667). Treatment rates have increased to 51%; cure and treatment rates have decreased to 76% and 89%, respectively, and there was a 4% increase in mortality during COVID-19.\u0000Conclusions: COVID-19 has tremendously affected the treatment of pulmonary TB cases in East Java, Indonesia by increasing the incidence rate and decreasing the fatality rate. The pandemic promotes fear in the community to check their medical status and improve the quality of their health in East Java.","PeriodicalId":430059,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114550435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Screening for Behavioural Abnormality Using Strength & Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) in Children with Epilepsy 运用力量与困难问卷(SDQ)筛查癫痫患儿的行为异常

National Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.55489/njcm.140520232771

T. Gandhi, Amita U. Surana, Vandana M Desai

{"title":"Screening for Behavioural Abnormality Using Strength & Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) in Children with Epilepsy","authors":"T. Gandhi, Amita U. Surana, Vandana M Desai","doi":"10.55489/njcm.140520232771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.140520232771","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To estimate the problem of behavioural co morbidity and to determine risk factors associated with epilepsy in children.\u0000Methods: A prospective observational study using Hindi and Gujarati version of Strength & Difficulty questionnaire (SDQ) was conducted. Children aged 6 to 17 years with epilepsy (CWE) as cases & without epilepsy as controls enrolled. Detailed demographic and clinical data were recorded. The total difficulty score and the subscale scores were compared between two groups. Comparison of the scores were done among the children with epilepsy group also.\u0000Results: 52 children in each group were included. Self-reported SDQ used in 76% and parent reported SDQ used in 27% participants. Prevalence of behaviour abnormality was 25% in CWE. (p 0.004). CWE had significantly higher mean total difficulty score (p<0.001) and mean emotional (p <0.0001) and conduct subscale score (p 0.0024). Children having uncontrolled epilepsy (OR 15, 95% CI 2.9 - 76.3, p 0.0005) and having number of seizures more than 3 (OR 13.33 95% CI 3.4 - 51.04, p 0.0004) were found to be significantly associated with behavioural abnormality.\u0000Conclusion: Epileptic children are at more risk of behavioural problem than in normal children, especially emotional problem and conduct problem. Uncontrolled epilepsy and frequency of seizure were significant risk factor for occurrence of behavioural problem.","PeriodicalId":430059,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126171340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perception and Preparedness of Medical Students Towards the Health Care Needs Of LGBTQIA+ Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in Vadodara, Western India 医学生对LGBTQIA+社区卫生保健需求的感知和准备:印度西部瓦多达拉的一项横断面研究

National Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.55489/njcm.140520232934

Lakhan Lrk Kataria, Rohan J Kosambiya, Vankar GK, Balas Rohit N, Kritagnasinh N Vaghela

{"title":"Perception and Preparedness of Medical Students Towards the Health Care Needs Of LGBTQIA+ Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in Vadodara, Western India","authors":"Lakhan Lrk Kataria, Rohan J Kosambiya, Vankar GK, Balas Rohit N, Kritagnasinh N Vaghela","doi":"10.55489/njcm.140520232934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.140520232934","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The legalization of LGBTQIA+ community will bring a new stream of patients and their specific issues to healthcare community. Despite getting their place in society, they face discrimination and stigma from healthcare professionals, which will roadblock them from accessing healthcare. This study aims to document the perception of upcoming healthcare providers towards the LGBTQIA+ community and their preparedness to address their healthcare needs.\u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional survey conducted among 299 final MBBS students and Interns during “Pride month” June, 2022. An investigator-designed, validated, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire using Google forms, documented sexual-orientation of participants and their existing knowledge, attitude and practice towards the healthcare needs of LGBTQIA+ community.\u0000Results: Total 299 participants were enrolled, having a Response Rate of 94.9% (315 total participants). Proportion of female and male was 44.8% and 54.8% as sex (biological) respectively and 54.5% of participants identified themselves as man and 44.8% as woman as gender. Awareness about LGBTQIA+ community was among 98.33% of the participants. Mean Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Scores were 18.4 +2.7, 80.5 +12.4 and 31.4 +5.9, respectively and were positively correlated to each other. Female participants scored significantly higher, statistically than male participants in knowledge, attitude and practice domains.\u0000Conclusion: Despite of good knowledge and positive attitude toward LGBTQIA+ people, pockets of ignorance and discomfort reside among medical undergraduates and interns.","PeriodicalId":430059,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127975422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peer Review Policy 同行评议政策

National Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.55489/njcm.140520233032

Neeta Sharma

引用次数: 0