Review of Economic Perspectives最新文献_第9页

The Impact of ICT Penetration on Deforestation: A Panel Data Evidence 信息通信技术普及对森林砍伐的影响:一个小组数据证据

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Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2019-0018

R. Yilmaz, C. Koyuncu

{"title":"The Impact of ICT Penetration on Deforestation: A Panel Data Evidence","authors":"R. Yilmaz, C. Koyuncu","doi":"10.2478/revecp-2019-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2019-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A growing number of case studies and reports suggest that Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) play an important role in fighting against deforestation, and the penetration of ICT help decrease deforestation in a different part of world’s forests. The aim of this study is to test whether diffusion of ICT contributes to decreasing in deforestation in the world. For this purpose, the effect of ICT penetration on deforestation is estimated by using bivariate and multivariate fixed time effect models. In the sample selection process, those countries having 2% or more forest area as a percentage of total land area we included in our analysis. The largest sample includes 174 countries. The period under study is between 1991 and 2012. It is found that ICT penetration is significantly and negatively associated with deforestation. The results are robust to the inclusion of a number of control variables as well as different indicators of ICT penetration and deforestation as such all available four ICT indicators and two deforestation indicators are used. To avoid potential spurious regression problems in the analyses, the original models are re-estimated by using the stationary forms of all independent and dependent variables. A strong negative correlation between ICT indicators and deforestation indicators is also supported by the findings of re-estimated bivariate and multivariate models. Empirical evidence at the macro level provided in this paper confirms the results mentioned in the case studies.","PeriodicalId":43002,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41964388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Private Property Rights, Government Interventionism and Welfare Economics 私有产权、政府干预与福利经济学

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Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2019-0019

Ivan Jankovič, W. Block

{"title":"Private Property Rights, Government Interventionism and Welfare Economics","authors":"Ivan Jankovič, W. Block","doi":"10.2478/revecp-2019-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2019-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We develop a critique of government interventionism based on the Misesian calculation argument against socialism. If private property rights and relative prices based on supply and demand are necessary for successful economic coordination, then conventional market failure theories cannot be sustained. Government interventionism based on the idea of correcting “market failures” is analytically just a milder form of socialist central planning. Between the two, there are only differences in degree, not in kind. We criticize several public choice and law and economics scholars for disregarding this Misesian angle in their market failure theories. In our view they are reducible to arguments based on a fallacious political economy while perpetuating false neoclassical economic analysis of market failure theorists. We claim that government interventionism is just a milder form of socialist central planning. Therefore, the traditional arguments against the efficiency of central planning also apply to government interventions aiming at fixing market failures. In particular, we maintain that governments face the “knowledge problem”, which means that they cannot determine the optimal allocation of resources. In section two of this paper we discuss market failure and economic calculation. Section three is given over to our claim that the “Nirvana fallacy” is itself fallacious. The burden of section four is to address Coase and consequences. We conclude in section five.","PeriodicalId":43002,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49131912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Changing structure of Employment in Europe: Polarization Issue 欧洲就业结构的变化：两极分化问题

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2019-0016

Radek Náplava

引用次数: 2

Validity of Weak-Form Market Efficiency in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs): Evidence from Linear and Nonlinear Unit Root Tests 中欧和东欧国家弱形式市场效率的有效性:线性和非线性单位根检验的证据

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2019-0020

M. Erdaş

{"title":"Validity of Weak-Form Market Efficiency in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs): Evidence from Linear and Nonlinear Unit Root Tests","authors":"M. Erdaş","doi":"10.2478/revecp-2019-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2019-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper aims to focus weekly stock market prices from the CEECs (Lithuania, Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Slovenia, Poland, Bulgaria, the Slovak Republic, Latvia, Estonia, and the Czech Republic) markets for evidence of weak-form market efficiency. This is complemented by the use of comprehensive unit root tests to test for abnormal return behaviour in these stock markets. For this purpose, Harvey et al. (2008) linearity test was applied in order to determine the characteristics of the series. The results indicate that the series with linear characteristics are Slovenia, Bulgaria, the Slovak Republic, Estonia, and the Czech Republic and those with non-linear characteristics are Lithuania, Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Poland, and Latvia. Then, in order to examine the weak-form market efficiency, DF-GLS (1996), Phillips-Perron (1988) and Lee-Strazicich (2003) unit root tests are applied to linear series and Kapetanios et al. (2003) and Kruse (2011) tests were applied to nonlinear series. The linear and nonlinear unit root tests evidence that all the selected stock markets in CEECs have a unit root, in other words, are non-stationary. In the period analyzed, the results suggest that the weak-form efficient market hypothesis holds in the CEECs. Accordingly, the results indicate support for the validity of the random walks hypothesis in all the selected stock markets in CEECs. It means that investors should not be able to earn abnormal returns by carrying out the same analysis and analysing historical prices in CEECs. The finding of weak-form market efficiency has notable implications from the point of capital allocation, stock price predictability, and the influence of shocks to stock prices.","PeriodicalId":43002,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45911802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Modelling CAR Export from Slovakia to the United Kingdom - Vector Error Correction Approach 斯洛伐克对英国CAR出口建模——矢量误差校正方法

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2019-0014

Renáta Pitoňáková

{"title":"Modelling CAR Export from Slovakia to the United Kingdom - Vector Error Correction Approach","authors":"Renáta Pitoňáková","doi":"10.2478/revecp-2019-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2019-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the article is to identify determinants of export of road vehicles from Slovakia to the United Kingdom. The Error correction model is based on monthly data from January 2008 to November 2018. The modelling identifies short and long-run effects of real effective exchange rate, inflation rate and industrial production on foreign demand of transport equipment. The real effective exchange rate indicates competitiveness of domestic producers towards most important trade partners, inflation rate of Slovakia is a proxy for macroeconomic environment and industrial production of the UK stands in for the income variable. The results suggest that export of road vehicles is in the long-run impacted by exchange rate and industrial production. The appreciation of exchange rate reduces export from SR to the UK while rising income increases foreign demand. In the short-run trading with motor vehicles is impacted by all three explanatory variables. The Error correction term indicates that roughly 30 % of disequilibrium in the previous month will be corrected in the current month. The implications are for governing bodies to manage the current commodity framework which is at present mainly oriented on machinery and transport equipment and to support companies from other industries aiming to create more diversified export commodity structure.","PeriodicalId":43002,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47562961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ten Years Later: Lessons for DSGE Builders and Czech Policy Makers 十年后：DSGE建设者和捷克决策者的教训

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Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2019-0009

Aleš Michl

{"title":"Ten Years Later: Lessons for DSGE Builders and Czech Policy Makers","authors":"Aleš Michl","doi":"10.2478/revecp-2019-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2019-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We show an example of a small open economy – the Czech Republic – where the fiscal restriction was put in place between 2010 and 2013 in a negative output gap and zero lower bound on nominal interest rates. According to our results, such fiscal policy seems to have been mistaken, as the restriction may apparently have caused a second recession in the Czech Republic in 2012/2013 (after the global recession in 2008/2009). Instead of the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium approach (DSGE), we applied a tractable static deterministic partial equilibrium approach using the IS-LM framework. We derived mathematically from the IS-LM model that expansionary fiscal policy acting via higher government investment can be an appropriate tool for reacting to a crisis in the very short run when interest rates hit the zero lower bound. Expansionary fiscal policy after the 2008/2009 crisis would probably have led to faster stabilisation of the Czech economy. We simulate a potential increase in government investment of 8% yearly between 2011 and 2013. This would have added 0.4 pp to GDP growth and increased the inflation rate by about 0.5 pp. Hence, the inflation outlook in 2013 would not have been negative and would consequently have led to less pressure for monetary policy expansion using unconventional interventions against the Czech koruna.","PeriodicalId":43002,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44072056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Democracy, Lobbying and Economics 民主、游说和经济学

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2019-0011

M. Žák

引用次数: 2

Information gaps in the market for social services: retirement homes in the Czech Republic 社会服务市场的信息差距:捷克共和国的养老院

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2019-0010

Iveta Vrabková, Izabela Ertingerová, R. Vavrek

{"title":"Information gaps in the market for social services: retirement homes in the Czech Republic","authors":"Iveta Vrabková, Izabela Ertingerová, R. Vavrek","doi":"10.2478/revecp-2019-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2019-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The research address a partial issue of market failure in the form of information asymmetry. Within the public sector, social services, together with health services, belong to typical sectors where the information superiority of supply against demand is detected. The presence of asymmetrical/imperfect information within the social care has a significant effect on retired people who demand the services of retirement homes, and this effect occurs before as well as during the consumption of this service. The paper aims to identify and evaluate the information gaps of 159 official websites of retirement homes in the Czech Republic that are related to the supply of offered services. The evaluated websites of the retirement homes were selected in a way including all three types of the legal form of retirement homes (semi-budgetary units of regions, limited liability companies, church legal entities) that are present in this category of social services in the Czech Republic. The multi-criteria evaluation, performed by using the TOPSIS method, included 14 types of information (criteria). The TOPSIS method is based on the selection of the variant that is the closest one to the ideal variant and that is characterized by a vector. The results show that retirement homes insufficiently disclose several types of information. These include the conditions of acceptance into the retirement home, annual reports, some types of contact information, internal rules of the home, and the electronic link for the communication with the retirement home. In relation to the evaluation of the total level of 14 types of information being disclosed on the websites of retirement homes, it was revealed that 3% of them achieve an excellent level, 30% achieve a lesser than excellent level, 60% achieve a low level, and 7% of retirement homes achieve a very low level.","PeriodicalId":43002,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47905845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Use of TOPSIS Method for Assessing of Good Governance in European Union Countries TOPSIS方法在欧盟国家善治评估中的应用

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Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2019-0012

E. Ardielli

{"title":"Use of TOPSIS Method for Assessing of Good Governance in European Union Countries","authors":"E. Ardielli","doi":"10.2478/revecp-2019-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2019-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Good Governance presents the contemporary trend of managing public affairs worldwide. This concept is promoting the basic elements of subsidiarity, participation, and democracy in modern public administration. Presented article is focused on the evaluation of Good Governance development in the European Union countries in the long-term, in the period 2007–2017. The evaluation is based on the application of multiple criteria decision-making methods, concrete The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. The original data used in the research were the values of Worldwide Governance Indicators monitored and processed by the World Bank. The article presents a complete assessment of European Union countries according to the level of Good Governance. There are identified countries that have been successful in this area in the long-term, in particular the Nordic countries - Finland, Sweden and Denmark. On the contrary, there are countries that show greater shortcomings in terms of Good Governance as Romania, Bulgaria or Greece. The European Union countries were also grouped into clusters and the overview of rankings of individual countries for the period 2007–2017 was completed.","PeriodicalId":43002,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43587068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Housing Privatization in Transition Countries: Institutional Features and Outcomes 转型国家的住房私有化:制度特征与结果

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2020-0003

H. Broulíková, J. Montag

引用次数: 10