Review of Economic Perspectives最新文献_第3页

Characteristics of Austrian passenger transport policy development since the 1950s 20世纪50年代以来奥地利客运政策发展的特点

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2022-0014

F. Stellner, Marek Vokoun, Tomáš Nigrin, Marek Kasa

{"title":"Characteristics of Austrian passenger transport policy development since the 1950s","authors":"F. Stellner, Marek Vokoun, Tomáš Nigrin, Marek Kasa","doi":"10.2478/revecp-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper investigates the transport policy development and characteristics of the Austrian passenger transport sector from the 1950s onwards. The analysed performance indicators deal with the three most prevalent modes of transport (cars, trains and airplanes) and are linked to independent decision-making units (passengers) and their motives (price, quality and time to destination) as well as to goals and decisions involved in government policies. In this theoretical framework, we identified three developmental phases, using an interdisciplinary approach to assess the development of three variables of interest (number of car, air and train passengers). In the long term, transport policy aimed to solve the rigidity and lack of vision in train transport and the extensive use of cars. Air transport was a steadily growing segment in a close and positive relationship with trains, which is in line with the transport political orientation towards Vienna Airport and train connections to the capital city. The post-war phase (1945–1970) was characterised by enormous growth in the number of cars, an upswing in air transport and stagnant train transport. The second phase (1970–1994) was defined by a progressive liberalisation of rail transport and a plan to balance the growth rates of car, train and airplane performance variables. Finally, in the 1995–2019 phase, the growth in train transport increased; however, this growth remained far below the growth rates of air and car performance variables. Transport policy achievements and shortcomings for future research are suggested.","PeriodicalId":43002,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48907413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Travel behaviour changes during the pandemic: Prague-Pilsen rail case study 大流行期间旅行行为的变化:布拉格-皮尔森铁路案例研究

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2022-0015

Simona Surmařová, Martin Vrána, Jan Ilík

{"title":"Travel behaviour changes during the pandemic: Prague-Pilsen rail case study","authors":"Simona Surmařová, Martin Vrána, Jan Ilík","doi":"10.2478/revecp-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of our everyday lives. Governments have taken numerous measures to contain the spread of the pandemic, which has had a direct impact on daily mobility, modal choice and the function of public transport. This study uses quantitative and qualitative data to describe how the pandemic influenced travel on the Prague-Pilsen (Praha-Plzeň) railway line. The results of the case study on the Prague-Pilsen railway line are consistent with experiences in other countries. 38% decrease in passenger numbers was found between 2019 and 2020. Although numbers are increasing again, they still have not reached the pre-pandemic level. The number of connections has also decreased by a third on average (2019 to 2020). We also conducted in-depth interviews with train passengers on the above-mentioned route. Two-thirds of passengers stated that the frequency of their journeys had not been affected by the pandemic. However, like the other participants, they described other changes caused by the pandemic. Fear of infection played an important role, and the inconvenience of overcrowding was mentioned several times. The switch from buses to trains was mentioned, as was the fact that more and more travellers prefer to travel first class. In some cases, changes in the temporality of trips were also documented. The survey suggests that respondents travel less frequently by train for systematic, functional, health or social reasons.","PeriodicalId":43002,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47287821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Diversity and Inclusion Practices as a Booster for Firm Sustainability: Evidence from the Czech Automotive Sector 多元化和包容性实践作为企业可持续发展的助推器:来自捷克汽车行业的证据

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2023-0002

E. Velinov, P. Strach

引用次数: 0

Financial shocks and their effects on velocity of money in agent-based model 基于主体模型的金融冲击及其对货币流通速度的影响

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2022-0011

J. Bohacik

{"title":"Financial shocks and their effects on velocity of money in agent-based model","authors":"J. Bohacik","doi":"10.2478/revecp-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The interaction of debt and economic performance has been getting more attention over the last few years. However, models making provision for debt are still outnumbered by models completely ignoring it. This paper is the first one to analyze the relationship between household debt (in the form of bank loans) and economic performance (in terms of aggregate income) considering both the impact of wealth and income distribution, and the impact of the MPC distribution under various financial shocks. The outcomes of the model are velocities calculated as ratios of aggregate income to aggregate debt. The paper demonstrates how financial shocks affect the income velocity of money under different distributions of wealth/income and marginal propensity to consume across the population. For this purpose, an original agent-based simulation model with a limited loan supply was designed. Proposed model shocks are shocks to loan demand, loan supply, marginal propensity to consume, macro-prudential regulatory ratios, real estate capital gains, repayment ratios, shocks to the structure of loans provided and to the structure of real estate property transactions. It is shown that the more equal the distributions of wealth/income and of the marginal propensity to consume, the higher is the income velocity of money. From financial shocks, the marginal propensity to consume shock and the shock to the structure of new real estate property purchases have the largest impact on velocity. The shock to regulatory ratios has generally the lowest magnitude.","PeriodicalId":43002,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42385756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The disutility of driving below the speed limit on highways 在高速公路上超速行驶的无效性

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2022-0012

N. Filipi, Bára Karlínová, Ondřej Krčál

引用次数: 0

Planned construction of HSR in Czechia and occasional long-distance work commuting: impact of passenger income 捷克高铁规划建设与偶尔的长途通勤:对乘客收入的影响

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2022-0013

Jakub Petříček, Marek Komárek, Miroslav Marada, Jakub Randák

引用次数: 0

Effects of Development Aid on Donor’s Exports: A Case of the Czech Republic 发展援助对捐助国出口的影响:以捷克共和国为例

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2022-0008

Gabriela Dufková, Pavel Šálek

引用次数: 0

Best proxy to determine firm performance using financial ratios: A CHAID approach 使用财务比率确定公司业绩的最佳代理：CHAID方法

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2022-0010

Muhammad Yousaf, S. Dey

{"title":"Best proxy to determine firm performance using financial ratios: A CHAID approach","authors":"Muhammad Yousaf, S. Dey","doi":"10.2478/revecp-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main purpose of this study is to investigate the best predictor of firm performance among different proxies. A sample of 287 Czech firms was taken from automobile, construction, and manufacturing sectors. Panel data of the firms was acquired from the Albertina database for the time period from 2016 to 2020. Three different proxies of firm performance, return of assets (RoA), return of equity (RoE), and return of capital employed (RoCE) were used as dependent variables. Including three proxies of firm’s performance, 16 financial ratios were measured based on the previous literature. A machine learning-based decision tree algorithm, Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID), was deployed to gauge each proxy’s efficacy and examine the best proxy of the firm performance. A partitioning rule of 70:30 was maintained, which implied that 70% of the dataset was used for training and the remaining 30% for testing. The results revealed that return on assets (RoA) was detected to be a robust proxy to predict financial performance among the targeted indicators. The results and the methodology will be useful for policy-makers, stakeholders, academics and managers to take strategic business decisions and forecast financial performance.","PeriodicalId":43002,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43694046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Exploring the limitations of GDP per capita as an indicator of economic development: a cross-country perspective 探讨人均国内生产总值作为经济发展指标的局限性:一个跨国视角

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2022-0009

Radek Dědeček, Viktar Dudzich

{"title":"Exploring the limitations of GDP per capita as an indicator of economic development: a cross-country perspective","authors":"Radek Dědeček, Viktar Dudzich","doi":"10.2478/revecp-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we explore the drawbacks of GDP per capita in purchasing power parity as an indicator of economic development and well-being and evaluate the factors which diminish its ability to represent the level of life. Firstly, we theoretically outline the issues that might be undermining the suitability of GDP per capita as a measure of well-being, and debate other development indicators. Subsequently, we confront GDP per capita with the most well-known development indicator – the Human Development Index HDI – and calculate the deviations between these two indicators for a panel of 141 countries. To empirically evaluate the potential limitations of GDP in measuring development, we regress the computed deviations between development and GDP on an array of economic, social, and political variables employing a heterogeneous panel dataset and robust fixed effects estimators. The results reveal that countries with higher income inequality and level of economic freedom are characterised by lower development than implied by their GDP per capita. Contrarily, the size of the shadow economy is negatively linked to the deviations of HDI from GDP. Certain sociocultural, geographic, and ecological factors, such as higher fertility rates, cold climate, and the depletion of natural resources, are prevalent among nations ranking higher in GDP per capita than in development.","PeriodicalId":43002,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economic Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46689103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Activation programs for unemployment benefit recipients in Slovenia 斯洛文尼亚失业救济金领取者激活计划

IF 0.7

Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2022-0004

S. Laporšek, Milan Vodopivec, Matija Vodopivec

引用次数: 3