{"title":"Technology Assessments and Effective Risk Management","authors":"Christian Hugo Hoffmann","doi":"10.4018/ijt.306639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijt.306639","url":null,"abstract":"It is a common misconception in risk management, from classical purely quantitative risk assessments as being coined in banking to qualitative approaches to evaluating new technologies such as AI, and hybrids like scenario techniques in the middle, that a certain toolkit and a specific set of methods serve as a panacea for all challenges risk managers may face. Given the lurking pitfalls in this area of risk management, the call for an avoidance strategy cannot be ignored. In this article, we outline six guidelines that should be followed on the way to more decision-making competency in risk management.","PeriodicalId":42986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technoethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49624462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Cultural Influence of Control Sharing in Autonomous Driving","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/ijt.302629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijt.302629","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the cross-cultural perspectives on control-sharing in ethical decision-making when both human and AI-enabled auto-driven vehicles to involve. We reviewed the current practices. We then illustrated a survey we conducted related to this topic on a total of 771 subjects from three nations, the U.S., India, and Nigeria. We found participants from individualistic culture tend to emphasize personal choice and human control. We also found though most subjects prefer human drivers to take full control, India's subjects were more ambivalent in their attitude due to lower uncertainty avoidance. Also, subjects with higher incomes were more likely to cede control. There was consistent proportional distribution across nations in the control sharing configuration, with 2/3 chose full customization, and 1/3 chose limited customization. Car owners are more likely to have more control and full customization. Our findings shed important insights on both research in this domain and industry practitioners.","PeriodicalId":42986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technoethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45689749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Sorgner's Philosophy of Posthuman Art","authors":"Andrei Nuțaș","doi":"10.4018/ijt.313197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijt.313197","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with a review of Sorgner's new book, Philosophy of Posthuman Art. The review highlights Sorgner's positioning of postmodern art as emerging from a way of dealing with the realities of ontological naturalism and epistemic perspectivism. It is also highlighted why the author believes that the avant-garde and modernist aesthetic is lacking in dealing with a world of technology embedded post-modernity. In this sense, Sorgner's arguments for the totalitarian aspects of the avant-garde are presented. The paper also offers a critique regarding Sorgner's continental focus, and an argument for why his 10 aesthetics of posthuman art could be boiled down to eight, before finalizing with a walk through Sorgner's view on a posthuman total work of art and his view leisure within a posthuman era.","PeriodicalId":42986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technoethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44262506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Lütge, Franziska Poszler, Aida Joaquin Acosta, D. Danks, Gail Gottehrer, L. Mihet-Popa, A. Naseer
{"title":"AI4People","authors":"C. Lütge, Franziska Poszler, Aida Joaquin Acosta, D. Danks, Gail Gottehrer, L. Mihet-Popa, A. Naseer","doi":"10.4018/ijt.20210101.oa2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijt.20210101.oa2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the work of the AI4People-Automotive Committee established to advise more concretely on specific ethical issues that arise from autonomous vehicles (AVs). Practical recommendations for the automotive sector are provided across the topic areas: human agency and oversight, technical robustness and safety, privacy and data governance, transparency, diversity, non-discrimination and fairness, societal and environmental wellbeing, as well as accountability. By doing so, this paper distinguishes between policy recommendations that aim to assist policymakers in setting acceptable standards and industry recommendations that formulate guidelines for companies across their value chain. In the future, the automotive sector may rely on these recommendations to determine relevant next steps and to ensure that AVs comply with ethical principles.","PeriodicalId":42986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technoethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91061433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Globalization and Global Health.","authors":"Florencia Luna","doi":"10.4018/IJT.2015070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.2015070104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globalization shrinks the world. The world watches on television people dying of hunger or in extreme poverty conditions. Every year, 8 million children die before they reach the age of 5 from preventable diseases. \"Exotic illnesses\" cease to be so exotic, they can cross borders easily. Ebola, originally an African worry, in 2014 was an international threat. The revolution in information technologies enables us witness the emergence of transnational epistemic communities exhibiting, measuring and explaining health and disease. Presently, the authors are more aware than ever of the health problems of people from far away countries, which decades ago were unknown and distant. The transparency and availability of this information exhibits, in a quasi-obscene way, an unacceptable world. A world that is willing to rescue banks and ignores the worst off - those people whose unlucky birth seals a never ending cycle of misery with almost no possibility of breaking it. This paper address the situation just described by asking: Are these new empiric circumstances reflected in the authors' moral understanding of the issues? How should the world think of global health and their obligations towards people living in deprivation? How can the new empiric possibilities the global world offers be related to the implementation of such obligations? What are some of the challenges to the translation of new obligations to the present world? In addressing these questions, the paper argues that if the world seriously wants to address the obligations towards those in need, even if they are far away from the places they may need to work not only with ideal proposals such as the \"new obligations\" pointed by Singer and Pogge, but also with different transitional theories and non-ideal strategies in order to solve some of the big challenges the real world impose to theories.</p>","PeriodicalId":42986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technoethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4018/IJT.2015070104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36858390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brain, Body, and Mind Neuroethics with a Human Face","authors":"J. Patterson","doi":"10.4018/JTE.2012040105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/JTE.2012040105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technoethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70506252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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