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Positive Duties of the Security Council Under the UN Charter and International Law 联合国宪章》和国际法赋予安理会的积极职责
IF 0.7
International Organizations Law Review Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-21020003
Luciano Pezzano
{"title":"Positive Duties of the Security Council Under the UN Charter and International Law","authors":"Luciano Pezzano","doi":"10.1163/15723747-21020003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15723747-21020003","url":null,"abstract":"The current international context, characterised by a crisis in the multilateral institutions including the United Nations Security Council (<jats:sc>sc</jats:sc>), invites one to explore an often-overlooked question: whether the UN Charter and international law impose positive duties on the <jats:sc>sc</jats:sc>. To answer this question, this article offers a theoretical approach to an issue that has not received much attention from the authors. This exploratory study discusses the existence of duties of the <jats:sc>sc</jats:sc>; it analyses those duties under the Charter and international law, especially in Article 39, in the UN Purposes and Principles, and in the <jats:italic>jus cogens</jats:italic> norms. The article deals with the content and scope of the duties, arguing for a due diligence nature of them, and it also addresses the issue of the consequences of breaches, especially the institutional consequences within the UN system.","PeriodicalId":42966,"journal":{"name":"International Organizations Law Review","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constructing African Union Law and Rethinking Supranationalism in African Integration: What Lessons from the European Union? 构建非洲联盟法律和反思非洲一体化中的超国家主义：欧盟的经验教训？
IF 0.7
International Organizations Law Review Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-21020005
Tiyanjana Maluwa
{"title":"Constructing African Union Law and Rethinking Supranationalism in African Integration: What Lessons from the European Union?","authors":"Tiyanjana Maluwa","doi":"10.1163/15723747-21020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15723747-21020005","url":null,"abstract":"This Article examines the development and scope of African Union (AU) law and its role as a facilitator of and contributor to regional integration in Africa. The Article addresses several interlinked questions relating, but not limited, to the sources and foundations of AU law, the role of AU policy organs in the making of AU law, the extent to which EU law presents a comparative framework or useful precedent for analysing and understanding AU law, and the role of supranationalism in the economic and political integration of its member states and in the development of AU law. The Article argues that it is necessary to amend the AU Constitutive Act and other relevant AU legal instruments to enhance the supranational authority and legislative powers of the AU. It concludes that AU supranationalism needs to be rethought, but it need not uncritically mimic the EU’s approach to supranationalism in every respect.","PeriodicalId":42966,"journal":{"name":"International Organizations Law Review","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forty Years of Cooperation in South Asia: A Legal Appraisal of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (saarc) 南亚合作四十年：对南亚区域合作联盟（saarc）的法律评价
IF 0.7
International Organizations Law Review Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-21020002
Elisa Tino
{"title":"Forty Years of Cooperation in South Asia: A Legal Appraisal of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (saarc)","authors":"Elisa Tino","doi":"10.1163/15723747-21020002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15723747-21020002","url":null,"abstract":"Last August marked the 40th anniversary of the start of interstate cooperation in South Asia which has been characterised by few lights and many shadows over the years. <jats:sc>saarc</jats:sc> has not been able to smooth out tensions between its Member States, rather it has fallen victim to them, nor has it contributed realistically to the economic and social development of the region. This paper aims to offer an in-depth analysis of <jats:sc>saarc</jats:sc> in a legal perspective. In particular, its Charter, its secondary law, and its practice will be investigated through the lens of the theoretical framework of international institutional law in order to ascertain if <jats:sc>saarc</jats:sc> meets the requirements that are commonly believed to characterise international organizations.","PeriodicalId":42966,"journal":{"name":"International Organizations Law Review","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Freedom of Association as Seen by the International Administrative Tribunals 国际行政法庭眼中的结社自由
IF 0.7
International Organizations Law Review Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-21020004
Dražen Petrović
{"title":"The Freedom of Association as Seen by the International Administrative Tribunals","authors":"Dražen Petrović","doi":"10.1163/15723747-21020004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15723747-21020004","url":null,"abstract":"Rules governing international civil service as compared with national law are not always clear. The ways that international administrative tribunals protect the principle of the freedom of association and identified the rights by which this principle is manifested and realised are interesting as the realisation of those rights is not always obvious in international organizations. The right to organise, the right to strike, the right to be consulted and the collective bargaining are not words that can be found in constituent documents of international organizations. But they are indispensable for proper function of the organizations. The case law of the tribunals, which this article wishes to present, thus contributes to creating a harmonious workplace for officials of international organizations.","PeriodicalId":42966,"journal":{"name":"International Organizations Law Review","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Nordic Investment Bank: The Evolution of an International Institution 北欧投资银行：一个国际机构的演变
IF 0.7
International Organizations Law Review Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-21020001
Mauro Megliani
{"title":"The Nordic Investment Bank: The Evolution of an International Institution","authors":"Mauro Megliani","doi":"10.1163/15723747-21020001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15723747-21020001","url":null,"abstract":"The Nordic Investment Bank (<jats:sc>nib</jats:sc>) is an international financial institution created in 1975 by the Nordic Council of Ministers to promote investment projects and exports in the Nordic region. In 1998, a new Agreement and Statutes replaced the previous ones and established the international character of the institution. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, <jats:sc>nib</jats:sc> started to provide financing to the Baltic states which in 2004 became full members under a new Agreement. The three establishing treaties have marked the evolution of <jats:sc>nib</jats:sc>: first, a common institution of the Nordic countries; then, an international financial institution of the Nordic countries; and, finally, a Nordic-Baltic international financial institution. In this process, a key point is to appreciate whether and to what extent <jats:sc>nib</jats:sc> has continuously operated as a legal entity across the succession of establishing treaties.","PeriodicalId":42966,"journal":{"name":"International Organizations Law Review","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The International Law of Regional Organizations – Mapping the Issues 区域组织的国际法--问题地图
IF 0.7
International Organizations Law Review Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-21010001
Samantha Besson, Eva Kassoti
{"title":"The International Law of Regional Organizations – Mapping the Issues","authors":"Samantha Besson, Eva Kassoti","doi":"10.1163/15723747-21010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15723747-21010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite their increasing significance, Regional International Organizations (<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s) have, thus far, received scant attention in international legal literature. In order to fill this gap, the International Law Association (<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">ila</span>) Study Group (<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">sg</span>) on <em>The International Law of Regional Organizations</em> was launched in 2021 by the two editors of this special issue. This issue is an academic emanation of the comparative international law project conducted by the <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">ila sg</span>. It serves two main aims: first, present the main results of the <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">ila sg</span>’s comparative international law exercise in an accessible and analytical format in the first contribution of the issue; and, second, gather individual contributions to address further selected conceptual, normative, historical and institutional questions pertaining to the external and internal practice of international law by <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s. The present introduction provides the necessary conceptual and theoretical background to the discussion unfolding in the remainder of the issue. It addresses the topic and scope of this special issue, maps the state of the debate and relevance of the issue, and clarifies the structure and contents of the issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":42966,"journal":{"name":"International Organizations Law Review","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140935076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Politics of Regional International Organizations: A New Dawn for the Political Legitimacy of International Law 地区性国际组织的政治：国际法政治合法性的新曙光
IF 0.7
International Organizations Law Review Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-21010005
Samantha Besson
{"title":"The Politics of Regional International Organizations: A New Dawn for the Political Legitimacy of International Law","authors":"Samantha Besson","doi":"10.1163/15723747-21010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15723747-21010005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>International lawyers can no longer afford to ignore the growth of regional orderings under the umbrella of international law and their political consequences. There are, the author argues, at least two concerns <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s may help us address when thinking about the future of the international institution of (States) peoples and organising it to secure more political legitimacy: sovereignty and democracy. With respect to sovereignty <em>qua</em> ultimate political authority, first, <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s enable us to consider the virtues of multiple and shared external sovereignty in international relations and the possibility of a regional ordering of dispersed sovereignty as a shield to protect the same albeit multiply reinstituted peoples <em>qua</em> publics against domination, and this both inside their States and in their international relations. Second, with respect to democracy, <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s enable us to approach international democracy, and especially international democratic representation, in a pluralistic albeit systemic way: peoples may be reinstituted into different publics by multiple institutions over time, such as their States, but also by one or more <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s in their region, and giving those representative institutions a role in international law-making could strengthen political equality by compensating demographic and power imbalances between States while also requiring those <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s to become more egalitarian and accountable in return.</p>","PeriodicalId":42966,"journal":{"name":"International Organizations Law Review","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140941850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
International Law of Regional Organizations: A Comparative Perspective 区域组织的国际法：比较视角
IF 0.7
International Organizations Law Review Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-21010002
Fernando Lusa Bordin, Jed Odermatt
{"title":"International Law of Regional Organizations: A Comparative Perspective","authors":"Fernando Lusa Bordin, Jed Odermatt","doi":"10.1163/15723747-21010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15723747-21010002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article provides a comparative analysis of the law and practice of regional international organizations (<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s). Drawing upon the International Law Association (<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">ila</span>) study and individual regional reports, the article offers a cross-regional account of organizations located in Europe, Eurasia, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Asia-Pacific. The article focuses on the main conceptual questions that emerged during the study and reflects on some of the main insights gleaned from the cross-cutting comparisons. The article discusses the concept of ‘regional international organization’ and the debates about the appropriate definition to be used in the Study. The article discusses how international law applies to, and within, regional international organizations, examining issues such as the autonomy of the organization’s internal law. The article shows how regional international organizations have influenced the development of international law, by concluding treaties, contributing or catalysing relevant practice to the formation of customary international law, and producing authoritative ‘subsidiary means’ to identify the law. The comparative assessment allows us to offer reflections on the ‘openness’ of regional international organizations and the conditions under which they can shape, and be shaped by, international law. The article concludes with some starting points for further research on the place of regional international organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":42966,"journal":{"name":"International Organizations Law Review","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140935073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regional International Organizations and Regionalism in the Theory of International Law 国际法理论中的地区性国际组织和地区主义
IF 0.7
International Organizations Law Review Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-21010006
Fabia Fernandes Carvalho
{"title":"Regional International Organizations and Regionalism in the Theory of International Law","authors":"Fabia Fernandes Carvalho","doi":"10.1163/15723747-21010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15723747-21010006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores the relationship between international law and space with particular attention to regionalism. Focusing on theoretical debates in the discipline, it will examine the interplay between regionalism and Regional International Organizations and the universal character of international law, re-describing central theoretical legal issues concerning this relationship. Regionalism will be assessed as one form of spatial ordering in international law. Regional order is an international legal notion that contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the politics of space and the processes of production, organization and distribution of power, resources and identities in a particular region. In this setting, changes in the spatial focus while employing theoretical interrogations in the discipline are productive ways to make sense of the diverse modes of engagement with international law in different regions worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":42966,"journal":{"name":"International Organizations Law Review","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140935237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Relationship between rio s and the UN in Matters of Peace and Security: It’s Complicated 里约集团与联合国在和平与安全事务中的关系：错综复杂
IF 0.7
International Organizations Law Review Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-21010009
Kirsten Schmalenbach
{"title":"The Relationship between rio s and the UN in Matters of Peace and Security: It’s Complicated","authors":"Kirsten Schmalenbach","doi":"10.1163/15723747-21010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15723747-21010009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Employing the example of <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">ecowas</span>’ reaction to the military coup in Niger, this article offers a fresh appraisal of the relationship between <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s and the UN within the universal collective security system which is – once again – largely paralysed by geopolitics. Departing from an analysis of the channels available to <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s to engage with the UN in a rapidly unfolding regional crisis, this paper argues that the UN primarily perceives <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s as mediators and peace facilitators. This is driven by <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s’ often advantageous position due to their knowledge of local dynamics and their particularly strong interest in securing peace in their own neighbourhoods. However, UN-<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio</span> cooperation in peacekeeping is not without tension and <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s’ use of military force without the targeted State’s consent or <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">sc</span> authorisation is seemingly at odds with the UN Charter. However, the <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">unsc</span>’s ambiguous practice regarding Chapter-<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">viii</span> authorisations may allow future developments involving <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">rio </span>s without opening the door to their full autonomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":42966,"journal":{"name":"International Organizations Law Review","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140934978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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