Journal of the graduate school of letters最新文献

{"title":"Community-Based Child-Rearing Support for Families : Based on an Investigation in Sapporo, Japan","authors":"Haruka Kudo","doi":"10.14943/JGSL.12.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JGSL.12.29","url":null,"abstract":"Against the backdrop of a high proportion of mothers who take care of their children at home and the problem of child-rearing anxiety and social isolation among them, the Japanese government has currently expanded child-rearing support via the Community-based Child-rearing Support Centers (CCSCs). They are open spaces for infants and parents in the community, where they can gather freely, communicate with each other, and share their anxieties and worries related to child rearing. There are also many voluntary programs that are similar to the CCSCs in each region, and all of these are often called “childcare salons.” In this study, I categorize these childcare salons into 4 types based on their management bodies, namely, the center type, childrenʼs hall type, Hiroba type, and local-based type. Based on a qualitative investigation conducted in Sapporo, a Japanese urban area, I briefly summarize how these childcare salons support child rearing by “full-time mothers” and affect the formation of their childcare support networks. These childcare salons are diverse in terms of staff members and volunteers, space and facilities, and their opening hours. These features characterize the institutional support provided by these salons, which affects the relational support mutually provided among mothers who avail these services; therefore, different types of social exchanges and network formation are prevalent among the users. These childcare salons embody the idea of the “socialization of childcare” and practically “socialize” child rearing by moving it from the private sphere to the public sphere outside the family and by sharing it among families and people in the community. However, there are still issues and limitations with respect to gender division and family responsibility of childcare. (Received on November 16, 2016) 1. Child-rearing family with infants in Japan In Japan, the majority of infants are cared for by mothers at home. Although the double-income and one-parent households have been remarkably increasing, breadwinner/homemaker households have still maintained considerable proportions in terms of families with young children. Among the households with children under 6 years of age, nuclear families with a working father and a non-working mother account for 43.4% and reach 49.1% among households with children under 3 years of age (Japanʼs 29 Journal of the Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University Vol. 12; pp. 29-37, February 2017 ©2017 by the Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University Haruka KUDO: h-kudo@eis.hokudai.ac.jp 10.14943/jgsl.12.29 1 While the nuclear families with both working parents comprise 27.3% and one parent 3.0%. national census 2010). Moreover, only 12.5% of children aged 0 and 38.1% aged 1-2 used public subsidized day-care services in 2015, i.e., most infants are taken care of at home (see figure 1). With the shortage of public day-care supply especially for children under 3 years of age in urban areas, nearly ","PeriodicalId":429630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the graduate school of letters","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124840983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accentual Change in Hokkaido Japanese","authors":"Thomas Dallyn","doi":"10.14943/JGSL.12.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JGSL.12.19","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will report and analyze ongoing changes in the accentual system of Hokkaido Japanese (HJ), a regional variety spoken on the northernmost islands of the Japanese archipelago, originating in relatively recent settlement from mainland Japan. In recent years, as in almost all regions of Japan, HJ has undergone dialect levelling towards standard (Tokyo) Japanese (TJ). Although the accentual system of HJ, in terms of the possible number of contrastive accent patterns and the prosodic characteristics that define them, is largely identical to that of TJ, traditional HJ differs significantly from TJ in which lexical items are realised with which accent pattern. Adopting an analysis using Kindaichiʼs word-accent classes (Kindaichi, 1973; 1975), this paper will examine accent class correspondences in bimoraic native nouns, based on a survey 24 native speakers of HJ from four different areas across the island. The results of this survey illustrate a clear pattern of agestratified variation in accent class correspondences that are shown to be consistent with a broader dialect levelling trend towards TJ. However, the pace of this process does not appear consistent across all survey sites, suggesting possible implications for media-driven models of dialect levelling in Japan. (Received on November 22, 2016)","PeriodicalId":429630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the graduate school of letters","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131824861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese rendition of Tenrei bansho meigi's definition in early Japanese lexicography : An essay","authors":"Yuan Li, Woo-sun Shin, Kazuhiro Okada","doi":"10.14943/JGSL.11.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JGSL.11.83","url":null,"abstract":"This essay will address differences in orientation in early Japanese lexicography with regard to the Japanese rendering of definitions in a Chinese language dictionary. Most,if not all, premodern Japanese dictionaries took the form of rendering the headword in Chinese characters and Chinese words,while also offering a Japanese reading. This does not,however,entail that early Japanese lexicography was entirely oriented to the Chinese language:in fact,a representative portion of Japanese oriented language dictionaries were produced. Japanese readings in Japanese language dictionaries explain the Japanese use of the headword. Alternatively, Chinese-Japanese dictionaries,including Chinese character dictionaries,explain the Chinese use in the Japanese language. By virtue of this fact,they are not distinctive in their form. This essay attempts to distinguish which orientation a dictionary inclines to by focusing on its rendering of definitions of earlier Chinese dictionaries. Here,we will examine the nature of Japanese renditions in a Japanese dictionary,Ruiju myogi sho 類聚名義抄, cited from the Chinese character dictionary Tenrei bansho meigi 篆隷万象名義. Our findings suggest that Japanese renditions illustrate Chinese use rather than Japanese use,which accounts for differences in the Japanese readings and compiling strategies of the dictionaries. (Received on October 30,2015)","PeriodicalId":429630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the graduate school of letters","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116472892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religious Affiliation and Social Stratificationin Taiwan (2000-2010) Analysis of Taiwan Social Change Survey","authors":"Shigenori Terazawa, Ka Shing Ng","doi":"10.14943/JGSL.10.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JGSL.10.59","url":null,"abstract":"Religion and social stratification has been an important sociological topic since Max Weber and Karl Marx. It continues to attract scholarly attention nowadays in the United States, giving rise to numerous empirical studies on their complex relationships. However,there is no or inadequate studies on the relations between religion and social stratification in societies that have very different cultural backgrounds compared to the U.S. This research note attempts to expand this sociological topic to non-Christian societies using Taiwan as a case study,where Christianity is not the dominant culture. It first offers a literature review of religion and social stratification in Taiwan,followed by a quantitative study based on a national survey,Taiwan Social Change Survey. Analysis is based on the data from the 2000, 2005, and 2010 dataset. This research note focuses on three important social stratification indicators,namely education level,occupation,and income,and their effects on religious affiliation. Changes in such relations over ten years are also studied. Our analysis has at least five significant findings:(1) respondents belonging to“Protestantism”and“No Religion”tend to be in the upper class. (2) Except for“Protestantism”and“No Religion,”religious affiliation is affected by different social stratification indicators and such effect is particular strong for“Buddhism,”“Taoism,”and“Folk religion.” While (3) “Catholics”have declining score in occupation and income level, (4) “Buddhists”are achieving higher status in occupation. (5)Education,occupation,and income level are increasing for“Yiguan Dao”practitioners. (Received on November 20,2014)","PeriodicalId":429630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the graduate school of letters","volume":"20 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113990193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}