IF 0.3 3区文学

LEGACY Pub Date : 2009-06-03 DOI: 10.1353/LEG.0.0061

K. Weyler

引用次数: 9

The True Story of Alice B. Toklas: A Study of Three Autobiographies (review) 爱丽丝·托克拉斯的真实故事:三部自传研究(评论)

IF 0.3 3区文学

LEGACY Pub Date : 2009-06-03 DOI: 10.1353/LEG.0.0062

Lee Rumbarger

引用次数: 0

The Milwaukee School of Fleshly Poetry: Ella Wheeler Wilcox's Poems of Passion and Popular Aestheticism 密尔沃基肉欲诗歌学派:艾拉·惠勒·威尔科克斯的激情诗歌与大众唯美主义

IF 0.3 3区文学

LEGACY Pub Date : 2009-06-03 DOI: 10.1353/LEG.0.0050

A. Sorby

{"title":"The Milwaukee School of Fleshly Poetry: Ella Wheeler Wilcox's Poems of Passion and Popular Aestheticism","authors":"A. Sorby","doi":"10.1353/LEG.0.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LEG.0.0050","url":null,"abstract":"\"How can one begin? Where can one leave off?\" (Woolf 97). Faced with Ella Wheeler Wilcox's autobiography, The Worlds and I, Virginia Woolf was--or claimed to be--stymied: There never was a more difficult book to review. If one puts in the Madame de Stael of Milwaukee, there will be no room for the tea leaves; if one concentrates upon Helen Pitkin, Raley Husted Bell ... must be done without. ... [A]nd as for Ella Wheeler Wilcox--Mrs [sic] Wilcox is indeed the chief problem. It would be easy to make fun of her; equally easy to condescend to her; but it is not at all easy to express what one does feel for her. (97) Beginning with the publication of Poems of Passion in 1883 and continuing through the first decades of the twentieth century, Ella Wheeler Wilcox (1) was quite possibly the most commercially successful and most ridiculed poet in the English-speaking world. On the one hand, her popularity was indisputable; as her obituary in the London Times put it, she was \"the most popular poet of either sex and of any age, read by thousands who never open Shakespeare\" (\"Death of Ella Wheeler Wilcox\"). Yet her reputation was also bad, as the Literary Digest noted: \"Few poets in American letters made so sudden and sensational a success as she did with her initial volume, 'Poems of Passion,' and most persons to whom such luck befell would not have had the staying power to pass through nearly a generation of more or less kindly treatment as a joke\" (\"Current Poetry\" 38). Since the advent of modernism, her work has survived as a negative--a ghostly reference point for moderns from Harriet Monroe to S. J. Perelman, marking what American poetry is not or what it should not be. In his 1929 study Practical Criticism, I. A. Richards suggests that Wilcox is bad because she \"overdoes\" commonplace emotions, thus insulting the reader while revealing her own (low) rank (207). The joke continues to resonate, as evidenced by John Ashbery's faux-homage, \"Variations, Calypso, and Fugue on the Theme of Ella Wheeler Wilcox,\" in which, Mark Silverberg argues, Ashbery embraces Wilcox precisely because she is so bad (286). Lately, however, a few critics have included Wilcox in recovery projects that stress her commonalities with other neglected women poets. (2) Shira Wolosky, for instance, argues that Wilcox's poetry is good, like that of Julia Ward Howe, Frances Harper, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, because it advances the common good, offering \"a poetic self-representation deeply continuous with the situated selfhood of nineteenth-century women, recognizing the sources of the self to be in community and history. In this, [poetry] provides both a countermodel and a critique of the possessive individualism increasingly dominant in American society and of the loss of civic life to private interests\" (689). Wolosky's description certainly fits the poetry of Gilman, Howe, and Harper, but it does not entirely apply to Wilcox, who did not offer a countermodel to the dominant discou","PeriodicalId":42944,"journal":{"name":"LEGACY","volume":"26 1","pages":"69 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2009-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LEG.0.0050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66263904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Less Work for "Mother": Rural Readers, Farm Papers, and the Makeover of "The Revolt of 'Mother'" “母亲”的工作减少:农村读者、农场报纸和“母亲反抗”的改头换面

IF 0.3 3区文学

LEGACY Pub Date : 2009-06-03 DOI: 10.1353/LEG.0.0068

E. Garvey

{"title":"Less Work for \"Mother\": Rural Readers, Farm Papers, and the Makeover of \"The Revolt of 'Mother'\"","authors":"E. Garvey","doi":"10.1353/LEG.0.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LEG.0.0068","url":null,"abstract":"The powerful reverberations of Mary Wilkins Freeman's \"The Revolt of 'Mother'\" lasted for decades. (1) The story, which connected issues of gender, control of finances on the farm, and the role of the home in keeping the family united, was read in city and rural homes, high school and college classrooms, and was performed in public readings and amateur theatricals. It furnished a starting point for early twentieth-century discussions of the lives of farm women and inspired other stories about farm women's control of finances and improving the lives of rural families. One such story was Nina Sutherland Purdy's \"Mothering: The Story of a Revolt\" (1916), reprinted here. Nina (pronounced Nine-uh) Sutherland Purdy was born in Delaware County in rural New York in 1889, the year before \"The Revolt of 'Mother'\" was published. Her stories and articles appeared intermittently from 1915 through the 1940s in venues ranging from the elite, like the children's magazine St. Nicholas, to the popular. Her writings included two children's books, a 1916 antiwar story entitled \"The Safety-Pin,\" a series of \"Mandy\" stories published in Woman's World (discussed below), a group of biographical articles in the 1920s for Everybody's Magazine, and pieces for pulp magazines like Love Story and All-Story Cavalier Weekly. Purdy also worked on at least one radio serial. Despite her range of venues, however, she seems to have published sporadically. She married three times and lived in New York City as a writer. Making her own compromise between rural and city life, however, she spent part of each year at the family farm in Downsville, dying nearby in 1952. Purdy's own movement between rural and city life as an educated woman with a BS and an MA was representative of larger trends of the time. These biographical details and the publication circumstances of both \"Mother\" stories illuminate the relationship between Mary Wilkins Freeman's 1890 \"Revolt of 'Mother'\" and its 1916 partial namesake. WOMAN'S WORLD, FARM WOMEN'S DISCONTENT, AND CONSUMERISM Purdy's five stories for Woman's World in 1915 and 1916 are about the forward-looking Mandy, head of the Benson Hollow Women's Neighborhood Improvement Society and a central character in \"Mothering: The Story of a Revolt.\" Mandy encourages women around her to be more sympathetic mothers and to enjoy themselves. (2) Unlike an earlier generation of regional writers who were attentive to the specifics of their localities, Purdy created characters who speak a kind of all-purpose country dialect, as though to give them a rural tone but not to exclude readers who lived in different parts of the country. Characters in Mandy's Benson Hollow, for example, speak roughly the same dialect as do characters in \"Honeymoon Overdue,\" a later story set among nineteenth-century southern New Jersey lumbermen. Purdy's stories, then, represent a new offspring of regionalism: ruralism without region. Sinclair Lewis's Main Street exemplifies such work, sugge","PeriodicalId":42944,"journal":{"name":"LEGACY","volume":"26 1","pages":"119 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2009-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LEG.0.0068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66264193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Portraits of the New Negro Woman: Visual and Literary Culture in the Harlem Renaissance (review) 新黑人女性肖像:哈莱姆文艺复兴时期的视觉与文学文化(回顾)

IF 0.3 3区文学

LEGACY Pub Date : 2009-06-03 DOI: 10.1353/LEG.0.0069

M. Nadell

引用次数: 0

Excerpt from Life in Mormon Bondage (1908; 224-25) 摘自《摩门教徒的奴役生活》(1908;224 - 25)

IF 0.3 3区文学

LEGACY Pub Date : 2009-06-03 DOI: 10.1353/LEG.2009.0001

Ann-Eliza Young

引用次数: 0

Legacy Bookshelf 遗留的书架

IF 0.3 3区文学

LEGACY Pub Date : 2009-06-03 DOI: 10.1353/leg.0.0052

Lisa M. Thomas

引用次数: 0

"When it ceases to be silly it becomes actually wrong": The Cultural Contexts of Female Homoerotic Desire in Rose Terry Cooke's "My Visitation" “当它不再愚蠢时，它实际上是错误的”:罗斯·特里·库克《我的来访》中女性同性恋欲望的文化背景

IF 0.3 3区文学

LEGACY Pub Date : 2009-06-03 DOI: 10.1353/LEG.0.0071

Kristin M. Comment

{"title":"\"When it ceases to be silly it becomes actually wrong\": The Cultural Contexts of Female Homoerotic Desire in Rose Terry Cooke's \"My Visitation\"","authors":"Kristin M. Comment","doi":"10.1353/LEG.0.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LEG.0.0071","url":null,"abstract":"In a popular antebellum conduct book titled The Young Lady's Friend, Eliza W. R. Farrar advises young female readers of \"a custom among young ladies of holding each other's hands, and fondling them before company, which had much better be dispensed with.\" She instructs, \"All kissing and caressing of your female friends should be kept for your hours of privacy, and never be indulged in before gentlemen.\" \"There are some reasons for this,\" Farrar explains, \"which will readily suggest themselves, and others, which can only be known to those well acquainted with the world, but which are conclusive against the practice\" (269). The advice contains an interesting paradox: \"[K]issing and caressing\" between girls is simultaneously encouraged and condemned, innocent and dangerous--innocent for young girls not yet \"well acquainted with the world,\" but dangerous in the eyes of \"gentlemen\" and mature women like Farrar, who evidently knew better. Only a tenuous line between knowledge and ignorance separates pure \"girlish friendship\" from its more threatening sexual possibilities (252). The passage is striking for the way it complicates more idealized contemporary images of female romantic friendship. The \"custom\" to which Farrar refers--\"kissing and caressing\" between girls--has been well documented in countless letters, diaries, and literary works of the era, leading a number of cultural historians, most notably Carroll Smith-Rosenberg and Lillian Faderman, to conclude that female homoerotic behavior was condoned and even celebrated during this period. While these historians are correct to caution against ascribing twentieth- and twenty-first-century attitudes about sexuality to the previous century, the dichotomy they create between pre and post-sexology culture overstates the degree to which female homoerotic behavior was casually accepted in nineteenth-century America. While some scholarship has briefly addressed the anxiety over female homoeroticism revealed in conduct books by Farrar and others, the topic warrants more discussion, especially with regard to texts written before the beginning of the medical discourse on homosexuality produced by German sexologists around 1870. (1) One such work is Rose Terry Cooke's 1858 story \"My Visitation,\" (2) which overtly fictionalizes the tension between \"girlish friendship\" and female same-sex desire that appears in conduct books. The date and mainstream publication of this story, as well as Cooke's popularity, make a particularly compelling case for an expansion of thinking about how women's romantic friendships were perceived by pre-sexology nineteenth-century culture and also for how modern lesbian identities have evolved. Susan Koppelman includes \"My Visitation\" in \"Two Friends\" and Other Nineteenth-Century Lesbian Stories by American Women Writers. She finds it surprising that the editors of Harper's New Monthly Magazine published the story because they had specifically called on writers \"to exercise moral sel","PeriodicalId":42944,"journal":{"name":"LEGACY","volume":"26 1","pages":"26 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2009-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LEG.0.0071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66264289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Prodigal Daughters: Susanna Rowson's Early American Women (review) 浪子回头:苏珊娜·罗森的早期美国女性

IF 0.3 3区文学

LEGACY Pub Date : 2009-06-03 DOI: 10.1353/LEG.0.0064

K. Weyler

引用次数: 0

Holy Prayers in a Horse's Ear: A Japanese American Memoir (review) 马耳里的神圣祈祷:日裔美国人回忆录(评论)

IF 0.3 3区文学

LEGACY Pub Date : 2009-06-03 DOI: 10.1353/LEG.0.0065

Linda Trinh Moser

引用次数: 0

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