Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism最新文献

{"title":"Synthetic biology enabling a shift from domination to partnership with natural space","authors":"V. de Lorenzo, Miguel de la Ossa","doi":"10.36922/jcau.0619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.0619","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic biology is a field of science that examines biological systems through the lens of engineering with the explicit objective of rationally designing live objects for either fundamental or biotechnological purposes. Yet, the same conceptual frame also embodies its exact counterpart: the biologization of engineering, i.e., looking at rationally designed systems through the lens – and with the tools – of biology and evolution. Such a creative tension between technology-driven design and biological processes has one of the most conspicuous battlegrounds in modern architecture. Such an edge occurs in a time dominated by the evidence of climate change, ramping environmental deterioration, and the ensuing instability and mass migrations. The most recent influences of biology in architecture have moved from the adoption of biologically inspired shapes and forms in many types of buildings to the incorporation of new biomaterials (often functionalized with qualities of interest) as assembly blocks, to the amalgamation of live materials with other construction items. Yet, the possibility opened by synthetic biology to redesign biological properties à la carte, including large-scale developmental programs, also unlocks the opportunity to rethink our interplay with space, not as one more step in the way of domination, but as a win-win conversation with the natural environment. While various contemporary architectural tendencies clearly move in that direction, we propose a radical approach–exemplified in the so-called Biosynthetic Towers Project–in which complex buildings are designed and erected entirely through biological programming rather than assembled through standard construction technology. To make this scenario a reality, we need not only tackle a dedicated research agenda in the synthetic biology side, but also develop a new attentive mindset toward the environment, not as a space to be conquered for our exclusive own sake, but as one scenario of sustainable co-existence with the rest of the natural world.","PeriodicalId":429385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128522175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of hot spots and paths of China’s industrial heritage reuse mode based on CiteSpace","authors":"Yuxin Zeng, Rui Jin, Jin Tao, Liang Sun","doi":"10.36922/jcau.1034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.1034","url":null,"abstract":"The development of industrial heritage reuse has followed a trajectory from disorder to order, displaying distinct characteristics across different periods. This study aims to examine the focal points and trajectory of industrial heritage recycling in China, with a focus on the Nizhny Tagil Charter as the starting point. Utilizing the China National Knowledge Infrastructure visualization tool and CiteSpace, this research analyzes the quantity of journal articles, authors, institutions, and the timeline of literature keywords. The analysis reveals four distinct periods: the initial period, the vigorous period, the mature period, and the innovative period. The findings indicate that topics related to industrial heritage reuse have expanded extensively and comprehensively over time, demonstrating interconnectedness and inseparability. Industrial heritage has evolved from a singular utilization mode to encompass multifaceted aspects, such as economy, society, ecology, environment, and other multidirectional considerations.","PeriodicalId":429385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127556714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building colonial Hong Kong: Speculative development and segregation in the city – A book review","authors":"J. Walls","doi":"10.36922/jcau.1110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.1110","url":null,"abstract":"Cecilia Chu, an urban historian, was surprised at her studies that unmasking the 19th-century colonial land tenure system resulted in “good government” in Hong Kong. She found the colonial governance evolved to respect traditional Confucian values of impartiality, integrity, and a commitment to the public interest. The need for Hong Kong government to be self-sufficient by Britain was the original driver for this to happen; that is, the requirement to sell public land to raise revenue from the European and Chinese Speculators essential for the development of Hong Kong. Chu’s research revealed that both events and politics over time required the government to move beyond laissez-faire economics and to become interventionist to tackle diseased slum areas and unsafe buildings and to shape new urban development to deliver healthier housing and better environments. Overseas experience of epidemics had led to a growing understanding of the relationship between health and economy in the 19th century. Populations fleeing Hong Kong during epidemics served to demonstrate that the city needed to be healthy if it was to prosper. This caused the government to adopt interventionist policies. In particular, the government intervened in its land sales strategy to reduce fiscal revenue income from sales to induce the private sector to contribute towards social provision in public health, housing and modern town planning. It also had a bearing on colonial segregation strategies to reflect different expectations of the European and native Chinese communities. Crucially, while the colonial administration remained in power, greater involvement of the Chinese elites in the bureaucracy gave legitimacy portraying Hong Kong as a “land of justice.” This demonstration of “good government” helped maintain the loyalty of the Chinese merchant elites and native Chinese population.","PeriodicalId":429385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121583341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in land use or land cover and ecosystem service values in Wuhan city, China, from 1996 to 2018","authors":"Yunhua Lin, Donghoon Lee","doi":"10.36922/jcau.0427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.0427","url":null,"abstract":"Despite rapid development in response research of land use to ecosystem service values (ESV), there is little attention to the influence of ecological construction at a local scale with an empirical study. Based on land use data from two Chinese land surveys, this study attempted to assess ESV from the dual perspectives of urbanization and ecological protection with the primary data-based approach from 1996 to 2018 in Wuhan, central China. We found that the ESV increased from 119.32 billion yuan to 220.29 billion yuan during 1996 – 2018, with an average annual growth rate of 1.27%, 3.86%, 3.49%, 2.97%, and 1.87% during the periods 1996 – 2000, 2000 – 2005, 2005 – 2010, 2010 – 2015, and 2015 – 2018, respectively. The conversion of other land use types to forest and water bodies was the main reason for the increase in ESV. The analysis results could be helpful to provide a new way to create policies pertaining to city development and ecological environment protection in typical rapid urbanization regions.","PeriodicalId":429385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125531288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Troglodyte settlements on the Loess Plateau of China: Challenges to sustainable tourism-oriented development","authors":"L. Genovese, R. Varriale","doi":"10.36922/jcau.0940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.0940","url":null,"abstract":"Troglodytism is one of the most representative cultural expressions of geo-architecture. On the Loess Plateau of China, several significant examples of this approach to urban development can be found. Sometimes abandoned, sometimes still inhabited, cave settlements are precious examples of living heritage in rural and internal areas, which are at the risk of disappearance. Tourism is one of the strategies to revitalize these settlements, but it might be both an opportunity and a risk. A balance between conservation and development must be found, and a paradigm change is needed. Chinese cases can serve as a reference for solutions for this type of cave heritage, on which a debate has only recently begun at a global scale. This study introduces the classification of cave settlements based on the Underground Built Heritage theoretical approach. Chinese cases in Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces are illustrated on a comparative level. Tourism-oriented reuse and enhancement practices are analyzed and discussed in the context of national and international scenarios. In addition, criticalities and opportunities for the future are illustrated.","PeriodicalId":429385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130241912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esthetic characteristics of Mount Jingfu’s “Grotto-Heavens and Blissful Lands” landscape based on the cultural and regional disposition theory","authors":"Xin Wang, Xiaoxiang Tang, Huichun Xu","doi":"10.36922/jcau.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.407","url":null,"abstract":"To inherit the essential characteristics of regionality, diversity, and artistry of the landscape “Grotto-Heavens and Blissful Lands,” this study takes Mount Jingfu, a model of that in the Lingnan Region, as the research object. It is based on the Cultural and Regional Disposition Theory under landscape architecture esthetics and summarizes the esthetic features of Mount Jingfu from three dimensions: (i) regional and technical characteristics of adaptation to local conditions, elaborately utilizing and arranging the space, and drawing on local materials; (ii) social milieu of seeking inner pleasure and integrating different cultures, worshipping numeral immortals and benefiting the folks, and embracing simplicity and bold innovation; (iii) artistic and human qualities of clarity and quiescence, exquisiteness and elegance, and morality and righteousness. The study is conducive to promoting the regional conservation and living inheritance of Lianzhou’s culture of blissful lands and presenting the esthetic characteristics of renowned mountain landscape resources.","PeriodicalId":429385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122082362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building energy-saving mechanism for indoor cooling temperature set-point with different envelope: A case study in Guangzhou","authors":"Jianwu Xiong, Yin Zhang, Meng Han, Jing Wu, Zexuan Tian","doi":"10.36922/jcau.0877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.0877","url":null,"abstract":"The temperature set-point of air conditioning system is a crucial parameter for behavior adjustment. Nevertheless, the thermal characteristics of building envelopes are different at varied construction ages. In this context, there are already several systematic studies demonstrating the differences in energy savings as a result of raising the same temperature set-point for air conditioning. In this study, an office building was used under four assumed envelopes representing different construction ages, and the characteristic temperature method was applied to simulate the hourly dynamic air-conditioning load before and after the set temperature rise of 1°C presenting monthly and annual cooling consumption. We then explored the energy-saving effect and difference in the mechanism of air conditioning with increasing indoor temperature set-point. The results showed that, provided that the temperature set-point is increased by 1°C under the same climatic conditions, the worse the thermal performance of the envelope, the higher the annual air-conditioning energy and the higher the annual energy-saving rate of air conditioning, which indicates that the behavioral energy-saving guidance for the groups with the poor performance of the older envelope has more immediate effects. The hourly load reduction of different envelopes at the outdoor temperature between 26°C and 27°C constitutes the behavioral energy-saving effect, which is the main contribution of air-conditioning energy saving (58 – 79%), while the energy-saving effect contribution of temperature difference reduction is secondary. The newer the construction age, the better the performance of the envelope, the smaller the hourly load reduction amount of the building, and the smaller the relative energy-saving rate, but its energy-saving behavior in the total energy saving ratio is greater, and the contribution of the energy-saving behavior is greater. The results of this study can provide a reference for guiding occupant energy-saving behavior and standard formulation.","PeriodicalId":429385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor photothermal environment in traditional Miao dwellings in western Hunan province: Field measurements, data simulation, and mitigation strategies","authors":"Zhezheng Liu, Zhe Li, Liang Xie, Guanglei Yang, Xiang Lin, Jishui Jiang, Fupeng Zhang","doi":"10.36922/jcau.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.403","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanization and population growth have escalated demands on the built environment, quality of life, and energy consumption. Consequently, the academic community has delved into the exploration of design methods, construction techniques, building materials, and other climate adaptation strategies, particularly focusing on traditional houses. This study examines the indoor photothermal environment and energy consumption of traditional Miao dwellings in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province, China. Through monitoring and simulation, the paper investigates the compatibility between the dwellings and their surrounding environment, shedding light on the efficacy of traditional Miao houses in adapting to local climatic conditions. The findings reveal notable improvements in indoor temperature and humidity levels within typical Miao dwellings, showcasing enhanced climate adaptability compared to the outdoor environment. Nonetheless, the study highlights inadequacies in the indoor natural light environment of these dwellings, necessitating the introduction of light wells to meet contemporary standards. By summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of the indoor photothermal environment in traditional Miao houses in western Hunan Province, this research further evaluates the adaptability of local houses to the regional geographic climate. Additionally, the study offers targeted recommendations to address the identified weaknesses.","PeriodicalId":429385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139361853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestures for interdependence: Expanding regenerative design through spatial dramaturgies for the unseen, the unheard, and the unfelt","authors":"Breg Horemans","doi":"10.36922/jcau.0358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.0358","url":null,"abstract":"The reality of the Anthropocene performs on us through various esthetic spatial experiences. To undo the consequences of modernity, spatial designers are moving toward a regenerative (restorative and non-extractivist) way of thinking, doing, and being. Situated in the growing field of spatial dramaturgy, this article focuses on how esthetic experience can contribute to attitudes toward regenerative spatial design through collaborations with more-than-human entities. If spatial design moves towards a pluriversality based on relationships of interdependence, how can spatial design generate esthetic experiences of regeneration accordingly? How do we design experiences of interdependence? In this paper, we discuss the experimental practice of the TAAT arts collective, a transdisciplinary practice aimed at developing performative installations. The fieldwork (situated in Lithuania and the Netherlands) covers processes in which rivers — as more-than-human entities — are taking up a leading role as cocreators. In every location, the spatial dramaturgical development is based on methods of embodied experiences, scoring, cocreation, and written reflections. These methods are implemented to prototype “gestures of interdependence”. We will treat these as design gestures (attitudes and approaches) aimed at foregrounding unseen places (sites of extraction and exploitation) and unheard bodies (more-than-human entities that are silenced) in the field of regenerative spatial design. By revealing the agency of the unseen and the unheard in spatial design processes, we will broaden our understanding of “designing the unfelt”. In conclusion, a design score will summarize our findings. This score can be implemented in spatial design practices (ranging from scenography, installation art, architecture, and social practice) focused on generating embodied esthetic experiences of regeneration.","PeriodicalId":429385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139362893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewal of industrial space in Hong Kong and Shanghai: Policy review and comparison","authors":"Lingyue Li, Yiwen Chen, Yueli Xu","doi":"10.36922/jcau.0431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.0431","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial space renewal is a strategic planning choice for cities undergoing de-/post-industrialization against the backdrop of land resource constraints. This study reviewed industrial space renewal policies in Hong Kong and Shanghai from a political economy perspective. With the analytical framework of political economy, the study reveals that, in the power flow of industrial space renewal (stressed on ownership), Hong Kong’s private sectors are active, and Shanghai is dominated by public power. In the political and economic environment, differences in government and market forces lead to different planning models and outcomes. Industrial building renewal in Hong Kong is mostly progressive due to diversified developmental forces, whereas industrial land renewal in Shanghai is mostly comprehensive and rational, assisted by blueprint-based planning. Pros and cons are rooted in both cities. Thus, an in-depth examination is of great significance for better decision-making in the future.","PeriodicalId":429385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}