Onkourologiya最新文献

{"title":"Tulium laser in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with spread to the ostium of the ureter","authors":"M. Е. Novikov, N. A. Meleshko, I. Akopyan","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-3-198-204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-3-198-204","url":null,"abstract":"Urothelial transitional cell cancer in developed countries is the 4th most common. In terms of frequency, it is outstripped only by prostate, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. In the vast majority of cases, urothelial carcinoma develops in the bladder. It accounts for 90—95 % of all cases of transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract. Much less often, in 5—10 % have to deal with its localization in the upper urinary tract (in the calico-pelvic system or ureter). In 17 % of upper urinary tract cancers, bladder cancer is simultaneously diagnosed. The incidence of urothelial transitional cell cancer has increased over the past few decades as a result of improved diagnosis and improved survival of patients with this nosology. The use of modern, high-tech equipment for visualization and direct surgical intervention contributes to such results. The use of laser energy as the main tool for tissue dissection in endoscopic oncourology reveals the undeniable advantages of this method in comparison with the traditional electrosurgery.We present a clinical observation of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of urothelial bladder cancer with invasion of the ureter, performed by en-bloc tulium laser. An operation was performed-transurethral resection of a urothelial bladder tumor with invasion of the ureter, performed by en-bloc tulium laser. Intraoperatively, ureteropieloscopy was performed, and the tumor did not spread to the upper urinary tract beyond the intramural part of the ureter. Thanks to the precision of the action of the tulium laser on the tissue, not resection, but, in fact, dissection of the bladder wall, a high-quality macropreparation was obtained, which made it possible to establish a final diagnosis. Histological conclusion: from the bladder — non-invasive urothelial cancer G2-3; from the mouth of the left ureter — fragments of fibrous tissue lined with urothelium from atypia. 3 months after the operation — no recurrence of urothelial cancer was revealed, which indicates a high quality of the operation.This clinical observation demonstrates the superiority of laser en-bloc dissection compared to the treatment of bladder tumors. Obtaining a macro-product of urothelial transitional cell cancer of the highest quality can contribute to avoiding unjustified radical nephrureterectomies and conducting organ-preserving treatment, for absolute and elective indications. The 1.94 µm Tulium Erbium laser is an effective tool for performing minimally invasive transurethral interventions in non-invasive bladder cancer.","PeriodicalId":42924,"journal":{"name":"Onkourologiya","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67761465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. From total to focal ablation","authors":"И. А. Абоян, С. М. Пакус, К. И. Бадьян, А. В. Хасигов, А. М. Галстян","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-3-153-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-3-153-164","url":null,"abstract":"A review of the literature is devoted to the urgent issue of modern oncourology — the treatment of prostate cancer using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Currently, there is a trend in shifting the approach from total to focal ablation in patients with prostate cancer of low risk in order to reduce the profile of complications. The article presents the results of modern research on HIFU in both total and focal ablation. Data on oncological, functional results of treatment are given.","PeriodicalId":42924,"journal":{"name":"Onkourologiya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67760573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors and methods for prevention of lymphogenic complications in oncourological operations in pelvic area (systematic review)","authors":"S. Kotov, A. O. Prostomolotov, R. Guspanov, M. S. Zhilov","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-144-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-144-151","url":null,"abstract":"Radical prostatectomy and cystectomy with pelvic lymphatic dissection are the most common operations in oncourology. Development of lymphatic complications, such as lymphocele, lymphorrhea and lymphedema, often complicates their implementation. However, not all lymphatic complications manifest themselves clinically and require surgical treatment. There are many risk factors and methods for preventing lymphogenic complications during oncourological operations in the pelvic area. In this article, we will review potential provocative factors that should be considered when performing oncourological interventions in the pelvis, as well as methods for their prevention, which can minimize the lymphogenic complications.","PeriodicalId":42924,"journal":{"name":"Onkourologiya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67756891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiota/microbiome urine and bladder cancer","authors":"M. Kogan, Y. L. Naboka, A. V. Ryzhkin, O. N. Vasilyev","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-97-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-97-103","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the review was to systematize the evidence available in the world literature on the influence of the role of microbiota and urinary microbiome on the development of bladder cancer. Given the constant development of medical technologies, patient examination algorithms, an obligate range of diagnostic tools, and the appropriateness of using the latest laboratory techniques are being reviewed.","PeriodicalId":42924,"journal":{"name":"Onkourologiya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67760938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the article “Normotension — new approach in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy”","authors":"D. Perlin","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-44-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-44-45","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":42924,"journal":{"name":"Onkourologiya","volume":"16 1","pages":"44-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49488779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunosuppressive peculiarities of stromal cells of various kidney tumor types","authors":"O. Kovaleva, M. Rashidova, D. Samoilova, P. Podlesnaya, R. M. Tabiev, N. V. Kuntsevich, G. Efremov, B. Alekseev, A. Gratchev","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-29-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-29-35","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Renal cell carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by high vascularization and immunogenicity. Immunotherapy has made a breakthrough in the treatment of this pathology, however, the lack of development of criteria for its use does not allow to achieve even greater success. It is known that the tumor stroma plays an important role in the success of immunotherapy. Among the various histological types of kidney tumors, the stroma of the clear cell renal cell carcinoma has been studied in sufficient detail. However, the remaining histological types are practically not studied. Objective: description of the immunosuppressive phenotype of the stroma of kidney tumors of various histological types. Materials and methods . The study included tumor samples obtainedfrom 44patients with renal cell carcinoma of various histological types (16 samples of chromophobe cancer, 15 samples of clear cell and 13 samples of papillary renal cell carcinoma). The method of immunohis-tochemistry evaluated the expression of tumor stromal markers, namely CD68, CD206, PU.1, CD3, IDO1 and PD-L1 in the studied samples. Results . Analysis of the total number of macrophages associated with the tumor showed that the smallest number is observed in samples of chromophobe renal cancer, while in the samples of clear cell cancer their number is greatest. A similar situation is observed for T-cells: the largest number of CD3+ cells is observed in clear cell tumors. In chromophobe and papillary tumors, their number is reduced. Papillary tumors are also characterized by an almost complete absence of expression of PD-L1 and IDO1 compared to other histological types of kidney tumors. We also showed that for PU.1 there is a strong positive correlation between its quantity and localization, as in CD68. Thus, PU.1 can be used as a general marker for describing stromal macrophages in kidney tumors. Conclusion. The study showed that kidney tumors of various histological types strongly and significantly differ in the composition of their microenvironment. These data, of course, must be considered when choosing immune therapy in the treatment of this pathology.","PeriodicalId":42924,"journal":{"name":"Onkourologiya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67760813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ureteral laparoscopic surgery in cancer patients","authors":"N. Zabrodina, E. Gallyamov, A. Kovalenko, A. M. Sysoev, M. E. Bekhteva","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-118-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-118-125","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to improve the results of treatment of cancer patients with strictures and obliteration of the ureters after surgery and/or remote radiation therapy. Materials and methods . The study included 6 men and 12 women. The average age of men was 67 + 8.5 years (53—79years) and 46 + 15.8 years (28—74years) among women. According to the results of X-ray examinations, the average length of cicatricial narrowing of the ureter was determined, after which the tactics of surgical treatment were determined. Results. The duration of surgical treatment rangedfrom 97 to 380 minutes. Intraoperative blood loss in all groups was approximately the same and ranged from 20 to 160 ml. Intraoperative complications occurred in one patient (5.5 %), injury of the intestine. The described damage was repaired by the intracorporeal manual suture. All operations were completed laparoscopically. A generalized indicator of postoperative complications reached 16.7 %. All the complications that occurred had a slight effect on the the rehabilitation period. Conclusion. The results of this work indicate that ureteroplasty in patients after cancer treatment can be performed by laparoscopic access, which significantly reduces the invasiveness of surgery, reduces the length of hospital stay and rehabilitation of patients. Also, the possibilities of laparoscopic surgery allow you to achieve better visualization, to form more precise sutures.","PeriodicalId":42924,"journal":{"name":"Onkourologiya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67756614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncological results of radical prostatectomy depending on the data of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and patient selection for nerve-sparing technique","authors":"E. Sokolov, E. Veliev, E. Golubtsova, R. Veliev, D. Goncharuk","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-74-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-74-81","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Selecting patients for radical prostatectomy (RP) using nerve-sparing technique (NST) is crucial to optimize oncological and functional results. Correlation of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) data with RP results remains insufficiently studied, at the same time existing prognostic tools and nomograms show moderate effectiveness during third-party validation and have some drawbacks. Objective: to study pathomorphological results and evaluate the recurrence-free survival of patients after RP, depending on mpMRI data; develop a patient selection algorithm for NST. Materials and methods. The study included 95 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa), who underwent RP within 2012—2017. All mpMRI series were retrospectively reviewed and evaluated using the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2 (v2) by one radiologist diagnostician who neither had access to database and clinical information about patients nor participated in data collection and statistical analysis. Patients were divided into 2 groups: low probability of PCa and suspected PCa (PI-RADS 2—3; n = 43); high and very high probability of PCa (PI-RADS 4—5; n = 52). We assessed the presence of positive surgical margins, as well as extracapsular extension and relapse-free survival. We also developed an algorithm to select patients for nerve-sparing PCa based on the PI-RADS category according to mpMRI data. Results. PI-RADS 2—3 group showed less positive surgical margins as compared to PI-RADS 4—5group (2.3 % versus 21.2 %; p = 0.025), as well as no cases of tumor extracapsular extension versus 36.5 % in PI-RADS 4—5group (p <0.001). Patients with Gleason score 6 after demonstrated the same trends: extracapsular extension on the tumor side was observed in 0 and 33.3 % of cases (p <0.001), positive surgical margins — in 2.4 and 15.2 % of cases (p = 0.046), respectively. An increase of the Gleason score after RP was observed in 12.2 % of patients of PI-RADS 2—3 group and in 30.3 % of PI-RADS 4—5 group (p = 0.04). Recurrence-free survival after 60 months was 93.0 and 71.1 %, respectively (p = 0.015). Conclusion. Risk categories for PCa according to mpMRI data are associated with pathomorphological results and recurrence-free survival after RP. Using PI-RADS v2 categories in the patient selection algorithm for NST optimizes the assessment of oncological safety and allows selecting a group of patients for a thorough individual analysis of the benefit/risk profile.","PeriodicalId":42924,"journal":{"name":"Onkourologiya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67760931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late complications of the treatment of patients with germ cell tumors","authors":"D. G. Danielyan, A. Salimova, A. Bulanov, M. Fedyanin, A. Tryakin","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-152-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-152-161","url":null,"abstract":"Germ cell tumors are one of the highly sensitive to chemotherapy, and about 80 % of patients can be cured even having metastases. Apartfrom acute toxicity, chemotherapy is characterized by late complications that occur many years later and not only negatively affect the quality of life, but in some cases are life-threatening. The review summarizes the results of studies on the late complications’ occurrence and prevention when treating patients with germ cell tumors.","PeriodicalId":42924,"journal":{"name":"Onkourologiya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67757078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of prostate cancer from 2005 to 2010 in terms of patient survival","authors":"E. Kopyltsov, B. Alekseev, A. O. Leonova, Yu. N. Yurgel, O. Leonov, I. A. Sikhvardt, V. A. Vodolazskiy, V. S. Glatko, I. A. Durnev, I. S. Artemenkov","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-126-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-126-134","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to study the frequency and dynamics of morbidity and mortality in male population of Omsk region with prostate cancerfor the period from 2005 to 2010. Materials and methods . A retrospective analysis was carried out for the periodfrom 2005 to 2010 of the initial diagnosis of1840patients with prostate cancer and the causes of death of837men in the Omsk region. The contingents of patients with prostate cancer were studied depending on the geographic location, size and composition of the region’s population. The data of the updated base of the population cancer registry and the main reporting forms were used. Results. There was an increase in the absolute number of diagnosed patients with prostate cancer for the first time by an average of 9.9 % annually. The downward trend was in the number of patients with I—II tumor stage lesions. Stable high annual detection of patients was with stage III (more than 50 %). The advanced forms of prostate cancer accounted for up to 24.4 %. The absolute number of men registered had increased by 52.4 %. The annual mortality rate decreased by an average of 5.7 %. During the monitoring period the absolute number of dead patients increased by an average of 6.7 % annually. Conclusion. The development and regional implementation of the Program for the early diagnosis and screening of prostate cancer based on a set of simple and generally accessible methods is advisable.","PeriodicalId":42924,"journal":{"name":"Onkourologiya","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67756271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}