{"title":"A First Case Report of DiGeorge Syndrome from Ethiopia Highlights Challenges in Identifying and Treating Children with Primary T-Cell Deficiencies in Low Resource Settings.","authors":"Tinsae Alemayehu, Solomie Jebessa Deribessa","doi":"10.1155/2020/8157212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8157212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cellular primary immunodeficiencies are rarely reported from Africa. DiGeorge syndrome is a commonly recognized form of a congenital T-cell deficiency. The disorder is characterized by hypoplastic or aplastic thymus, hypocalcemia, recurrent infections, and other associated congenital defects. <i>Case Report</i>. We report an eleven-month-old infant presenting with recurrent chest and diarrheal infections, failure to thrive, lymphopenia, hypocalcemia, and hypoplastic thymus on imaging. A diagnosis of DiGeorge syndrome was confirmed after determining very low CD3 and CD4 levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We describe the first case report of an Ethiopian child with a congenital T-cell immunodeficiency. We have outlined essentials for diagnosis and management of cellular primary immunodeficiency disorders in low resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":42865,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8157212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37726337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disease Treated by Retransplantation.","authors":"Ingerid Weum Abrahamsen, Bjørn Christer Grønvold, Else Marit Inderberg, Nadia Mensali, Jonas Mattsson, Tobias Gedde-Dahl","doi":"10.1155/2020/9403123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9403123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epstein-Barr virus- (EBV-) induced posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a life-threatening complication following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The main risk factor is anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG). Patients who fail first-line treatment with rituximab have a poor prognosis. Though adoptive transfer of EBV-specific T cells is a potentially effective option, it is not readily available. In this case report, the patient developed PTLD following transplantation for aplastic anemia using ATG as part of the conditioning. He failed rituximab treatment and developed graft failure. We were aware that the stem cell donor had a recent EBV infection prior to transplantation, whereas the patient most likely was EBV negative before transplant. We describe our strategy to meet the patient's urgent need for EBV-specific T cells, as well as new hematopoietic stem cells. The same donor was used for a second transplant, using peripheral blood stem cells. The conditioning used was thiotepa/busulfan/fludarabin with a single dose of cyclophosphamide after transplant as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. The EBV DNA levels fell when conditioning was started, and have been undetectable since day +15 and remained so till 18 months after transplantation. The patient is doing well. This case reports successful use of cyclophosphamide after transplantation as GVHD prophylaxis, preserving virus-specific immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":42865,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/9403123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37726338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sinali O Seneviratne, Katherine A Buzzard, Belinda Cruse, Mastura Monif
{"title":"Cerebellar Ataxia Followed by Stiff Person Syndrome in a Patient with Anti-GAD Antibodies.","authors":"Sinali O Seneviratne, Katherine A Buzzard, Belinda Cruse, Mastura Monif","doi":"10.1155/2020/8454532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8454532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-GAD antibody syndrome is a result of the production of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the main enzyme responsible for the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Several neurological manifestations including cerebellar ataxia and stiff person syndrome have been reported in association with anti-GAD antibodies. In this paper, we present a case of a young woman with anti-GAD antibodies who initially presented with cerebellar ataxia followed by stiff person syndrome three and a half years later. Having both cerebellar ataxia and stiff person syndrome is a rare occurrence in anti-GAD antibody syndrome. We emphasise the importance of long-term follow-up of patients with anti-GAD antibody syndrome, as delayed neurological manifestations can occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":42865,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8454532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37670579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Primary Immunodeficiency with Severe Multi-Organ Immune Dysregulation.","authors":"Tatyana Gavrilova","doi":"10.1155/2019/8746249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8746249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type 1, also known as autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder with multi-organ involvement. Besides for being predisposed to severe life-threatening infections, patients with APECED are also prone to organ impairment secondary to severe autoimmunity. As this is an autosomal recessive disorder, a biallelic mutation in the <i>AIRE</i> gene is responsible for APECED. The author presents a case of APECED with a single <i>AIRE</i> mutation. Whole exome sequencing identified a mutation in the <i>BTNL2</i> gene that the author suggests may have contributed to the patient's presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":42865,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/8746249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37557878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean-François Viallard, Marie Parrens, Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
{"title":"Fatal Hypogammaglobulinemia 3 Years after Rituximab in a Patient with Immune Thrombocytopenia: An Underlying Genetic Predisposition?","authors":"Jean-François Viallard, Marie Parrens, Frédéric Rieux-Laucat","doi":"10.1155/2019/2543038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2543038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the case of a young woman who developed, 3 years after stopping Rituximab (RTX) prescribed for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), a severe immunodeficiency leading to fatal pulmonary Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Genetic analysis led us to identify four missense mutations known to affect immune-deficiency-associated genes (FAS-ligand (<i>FASL</i>) gene (p.G167R); perforin-1 (<i>PRF1</i> (p.R55C) gene; the Bloom syndrome RecQ-Like helicase (<i>BLM</i>) gene and the Moesin (<i>MSN</i>) (p.A122T) gene). The heterozygous mutation in the <i>FASL</i> gene, not present in the Genome Aggregation Database or ClinVar database, could suggest atypical Autoimmune LymphoProliferative Syndrome and its role in this patient's immunodepression is discussed. This observation strengthens the role of <i>FASL</i> gene mutation in severe clinical phenotypes of primary immune deficiency and raises new questions about the genetic background of ITP occurring in young people in a context of immunodeficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":42865,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/2543038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37557943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric Moughames, Ana P Kiess, Lee M Akst, Antoine Azar
{"title":"Sirolimus for the Treatment of Airway Obstruction due to Indolent T-Lymphoblastic Proliferation.","authors":"Eric Moughames, Ana P Kiess, Lee M Akst, Antoine Azar","doi":"10.1155/2019/1724083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1724083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation (iT-LBP) is a rare nonmalignant entity that presents as a proliferation of T-lymphoblasts. We report a first such case with a recurrent laryngeal obstruction presentation that was successfully controlled with Sirolimus.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This is the case of a 29-year-old female who presented with a recurrent significant lymphoid hyperplasia in the adenoid and tongue base region as well as a right cervical lymph node. After repeated adenoidectomies and tonsillectomies, and based on pathological and clinical findings she was diagnosed with iT-LBP. Trials of radiotherapy and immunotherapy with cyclosporine and rituximab all failed to control the progression of the disease. Sirolimus was finally able to restrict the growth and improve her symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While It-LBP does not usually require treatment, it is important to report cases in which treatment was crucial for the survival of the patient, and the effective role of Sirolimus in doing so, without any major adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":42865,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/1724083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37574505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Kutukculer, A. Puel, S. Eren Akarcan, K. Moriya, N. Edeer Karaca, M. Migaud, J. Casanova, G. Aksu
{"title":"Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist: A Case with Late Onset Severe Inflammatory Arthritis, Nail Psoriasis with Onychomycosis and Well Responsive to Adalimumab Therapy","authors":"N. Kutukculer, A. Puel, S. Eren Akarcan, K. Moriya, N. Edeer Karaca, M. Migaud, J. Casanova, G. Aksu","doi":"10.1155/2019/1902817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1902817","url":null,"abstract":"DIRA (deficiency of the IL-1Ra) is a rare condition that usually presents in the neonatal period. Patients with DIRA present with systemic inflammation, respiratory distress, joint swelling, pustular rash, multifocal osteomyelitis, and periostitis. Previously, we reported a patient with a novel mutation in IL1RN with a healthy neonatal period, a late-onset of pustular dermatosis, inflammatory arthritis, and excellent response to canakinumab treatment. Herein, we are presenting a new case of late-onset DIRA syndrome, carrying a different mutation and showing different clinical findings. This patient is the first one in the literature with the inflammatory arthritis, nail psoriasis, and onychomycosis and with her remarkable response to monoclonal antibodies. The case responded well and fully recovered after treatment with adalimumab, but not with canakinumab. The DIRA disease can lead to death from multiple organ failures and if recognized early, the treatment with replacement of the deficient protein with biologic agents induces rapid and complete remission. Therefore, clinical symptoms should be learned exactly by the pediatricians, pediatric rheumatologists, and immunologists; and molecular analysis targeting this defect must be performed as early as possible.","PeriodicalId":42865,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77691644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. D. Alonso-Bello, M. Jiménez-Martínez, M. E. Vargas-Camaño, S. Hierro-Orozco, M. Ynga-Durand, L. Berrón-Ruiz, J. C. Alcántara-Montiel, L. Santos‐Argumedo, Diana Andrea Herrera-Sánchez, Fernando Lozano-Patiño, María Isabel Castrejón-Vázquez
{"title":"Partial and Transient Clinical Response to Omalizumab in IL-21-Induced Low STAT3-Phosphorylation on Hyper-IgE Syndrome","authors":"C. D. Alonso-Bello, M. Jiménez-Martínez, M. E. Vargas-Camaño, S. Hierro-Orozco, M. Ynga-Durand, L. Berrón-Ruiz, J. C. Alcántara-Montiel, L. Santos‐Argumedo, Diana Andrea Herrera-Sánchez, Fernando Lozano-Patiño, María Isabel Castrejón-Vázquez","doi":"10.1155/2019/6357256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6357256","url":null,"abstract":"Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), eczematous dermatitis, cold abscesses, and recurrent infections of the lung and skin caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The dominant form is characterized by nonimmunologic features including skeletal, connective tissue, and pulmonary abnormalities in addition to recurrent infections and eczema. Omalizumab is a humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody against IgE. Several studies reported clinical improvement with omalizumab in patients with severe atopic eczema with high serum IgE level. We present the case of a 37-year-old male with HIES and cutaneous manifestations, treated with humanized recombinant monoclonal antibodies efalizumab and omalizumab. After therapy for 4 years, we observed diminished eczema and serum IgE levels.","PeriodicalId":42865,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78665489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nooraldin Merza, A. Taha, J. Lung, Anthony W. Benderman, S. Wright
{"title":"IgG4-Related Sclerosing Disease Causing Spinal Cord Compression: The First Reported Case in Literature","authors":"Nooraldin Merza, A. Taha, J. Lung, Anthony W. Benderman, S. Wright","doi":"10.1155/2019/3618510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3618510","url":null,"abstract":"Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is known for forming soft tissue mass lesions that may have compressive effects. It is an extremely rare disease that most frequently affects the pancreas causing autoimmune pancreatitis. It can also affect the gallbladder, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands causing respective organ-specific complications. In our report, we describe an IgG4-RD case that affected the spinal cord. A 60-year-old female presented with cervical spinal cord compression caused by IgG4-RD leading to several neurological deficits. Pathological examination of the excisional biopsy of the mass revealed dense lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration and stromal fibrosis with IgG4 and plasma cells. The patient showed a dramatic response to the administration of systemic steroids with almost resolution of her neurological symptoms. This case highlights the first case in literature for IgG4-RD of the extradural tissue causing spinal compression. Hereby, we also demonstrate the dramatic response of IgG4-RD to the administration of systemic steroids as the patient had no recurrence after 5 years of close follow-up, the longest reported period of follow-up reported in the literature to date.","PeriodicalId":42865,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82534311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Severe Myositis, Myocarditis, and Myasthenia Gravis with Elevated Anti-Striated Muscle Antibody following Single Dose of Ipilimumab-Nivolumab Therapy in a Patient with Metastatic Melanoma.","authors":"Mahdieh Fazel, Patrick M Jedlowski","doi":"10.1155/2019/2539493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2539493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 have improved survival in patients with metastatic melanoma, especially in combination (i.e., ipilimumab-nivolumab). Postmarketing surveillance has identified rare but at times life-threatening adverse effects associated with these agents in combination and as monotherapy, which include myocarditis, myositis, myasthenia gravis (MG), and hepatotoxicity. Further evaluation of immune checkpoint therapy-induced MG identified the rapid clinical progression, prolonged treatment/supportive therapy course, and higher frequency of myasthenic crisis in these patients versus those with idiopathic MG. More rapid incorporation of aggressive treatment options (i.e., intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis) may be necessary in these cases. Anti-striational antibodies are often detected in individuals with myasthenia gravis and concurrent myositis and myocarditis. A high-index of suspicion is necessary to assist with rapid treatment initiation as these patients can rapidly deteriorate into respiratory compromise. A case of a 78-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma status after combination therapy with ipilimumab-nivolumab that developed transaminitis, myositis, myocarditis, and myasthenia gravis (with positive anti-striational antibodies) five days after the first cycle, is presented. Despite high dose intravenous methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, she ultimately entered hospice care eight days after hospital admission, 36 days after her first cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":42865,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/2539493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37320191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}