International Journal of Statistical Distributions and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Method of Disaggregating Annual Time Series into Seasons","authors":"Richard Hindls, Stanislava Hronová","doi":"10.11648/j.ijsd.20230901.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsd.20230901.11","url":null,"abstract":": A number of indicators (especially economic ones), whose values are monitored with annual periodicity, need to be broken down into the so-called seasons, i","PeriodicalId":427819,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Statistical Distributions and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130470291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divide China's Economic Regions in 2019 Based on Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis","authors":"Zhichao Zhan, Yong-liang Jin, Mei-na Dong","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSD.20210704.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSD.20210704.11","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, China's economic development has been very rapid. While China is developing rapidly, each province has contributed its share, but in different regions, economic development is different. Different regions must have advantages in different aspects, so in order to divide China's 31 provinces into different categories. In order to get the ranking of the provinces that have the greatest impact on China's economy. We first adopt the method of principal component analysis to reduce the dimensions of 11 variables that affect the economic factors of each province, and obtain two principal components to reflect all sample information. Then, perform dimensionality reduction and cluster analysis on the obtained data, and use the sum of squared variance (WARD) method to perform cluster analysis on the two principal components. Finally, the social development of 31 provinces in my country is divided into 4 categories. It is concluded that Beijing and Shanghai are first-level developed provinces, Jiangsu and Guangdong are second-level developed provinces, Hebei, Sichuan, Hunan, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, and Hubei are third-level developed provinces, Tianjin, Hainan, Tibet, Qinghai, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Gansu, Xinjiang, Fujian, Chongqing, Liaoning, Anhui, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Heilongjiang, and Guangxi are four-tier developed provinces. I hope our results can help relevant departments.","PeriodicalId":427819,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Statistical Distributions and Applications","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124399313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric and Nonparametric Tests: A Brief Review","authors":"Banda Gerald, Tailoka Frank Patson","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSD.20210703.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSD.20210703.12","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Statistics is the cornerstone of markets, businesses, policy makers and other sectors that require analysis and interpretation of data. From generation-to-generation, statistics has proved useful in everyday life, not only that it helps improving the quality of life through counting and record keeping, but it also allows people to predict the future events and to make their own analysis. Before making a conclusion, data should be collected, analysed and interpreted. Evidence Acquisition: In this study, the paper reviewed parametric and nonparametric tests. Researchers sampled some articles where parametric and nonparametric tests were used without considering assumptions. Results: In this study, researchers provided a review of parametric tests; namely, independent sample t-test and dependent sample t-test, and nonparametric tests; namely, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The formulae for calculating parametric and nonparametric tests have been provided in the study. Procedures on how to conduct Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test in SPSS have been written in this article. Test of normality has been discussed in brief as a key component in analysing parametric and nonparametric tests. Conclusions: Most of the studies that have been carried out have not been considering assumptions when analysing data using either parametric tests or nonparametric tests. This study looked at parametric and nonparametric tests. In parametric tests, the paper looked at independent and dependent sample t-test, while in nonparametric test, the paper looked at Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.","PeriodicalId":427819,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Statistical Distributions and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123884259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival Analysis of Child Mortality in Kenya: An Analysis of 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey Data","authors":"Elda Watulo, A. Wanjoya","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSD.20210702.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSD.20210702.14","url":null,"abstract":"Kenya is one of the Sub-Saharan African countries that experience the highest risk of children dying before reaching the age of five years. The effects of demographic, environmental, and socio-economic factors play a significant role in under-5 mortality (U5CM). The study aimed to determine the risk factors of under-5 child mortality in Kenya. In an attempt to determine the risk factors of under-5 mortality, survival analysis using both Kaplan-Meier and Cox hazard methods of live births within the Kenyan population based on the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) data was adopted. All children born in the period between 2009 and 2014 (n=83,591) were included in the study. The outcome variable was the all-cause under-5 mortality. Within the observation period, a total of 6,123 child deaths were recorded. The under-5 mortality rate in Kenya is strongly associated with the mother's education, region, place of residence, preceding birth interval, birth order, the total number of children ever born, mother's occupation, and type of toilet facility. The results indicated that a child born in Nyanza is twice more likely to die than that born in the Central region of Kenya. Male children have a higher risk of dying before the age of five than their female counterparts. The risk of experiencing U5CM increased among children born in rural areas compared to those born in urban areas. In summary, the study suggests that under-five child mortality is still a problem in Kenya. The government and implementing partners should allocate resources towards maternal and child healthcare, and implement interventions on women empowerment, and scale up health education among mothers. Both national and county governments should allocate resources to ensure access and use of modern contraceptives to improve child spacing. There is a need for the central government to implement socio-economic development interventions that reduce regional disparities .","PeriodicalId":427819,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Statistical Distributions and Applications","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133891861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interoperable Visualization Framework Towards Enhancing Mapping and Integration of Official Statistics","authors":"Haitham Zeidan, Jad Najjar, Rashid Jayousi","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSD.20210702.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSD.20210702.13","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to introduce a new interoperable visual analytics framework Towards Enhancing Presentation of Official Statistics. This paper aims to investigate how data integration and information visualization could be used to increase readability and interoperability of statistical data. Statistical data has gained many interests from policy makers, city planners, researchers and ordinary citizens as well. from an official statistics’ point of view, data integration is of major interest as a means of using available information more efficiently and improving the quality of a statistical agency’s products, we implemented and proposed statistical indicators schema and mapping algorithm which is conceptually simple and is based on hamming distance and edit (Levenshtein) distance mapping methods in addition to the ontology. Also we build GUI to import the indicators with data values from different sources. The performance and accuracy of this algorithm was measured by experiment, we started to import the data and indicators from different sources to our target schema which contains the indicators, Units and Subgroups. during the data import using our algorithm, the exact matched indicators, units and subgroups will be mapped automatically to the indicators, units, and subgroups in the schema, in case that we import not exact matched indicator, units or subgroups the algorithm will calculate the edit distance (minimum operations needed) for mapping the imported indicator with the nearest indicator in the schema, the same thing will happen for units or subgroups, the results showed that the accuracy of the algorithm increased by adding ontology, ontology matching is a solution to the semantic heterogeneity problem.","PeriodicalId":427819,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Statistical Distributions and Applications","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128211098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of Survival Time Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients Under Antiretroviral Therapy in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya","authors":"Mengich Kibichii Robert, A. Mwangi, G. Kerich, N. O. Cornelious","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSD.20210702.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSD.20210702.12","url":null,"abstract":"Survival modelling is a technique which exploits repeated measures of continuous covariates to predict explanatory variable’s effects on the response factor. The survival modelling helps design interventions in the health sector, which has seen one of its applications in the management of Human Immune Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). However, despite improvement in Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) interventions over the years, the observed disease effects (morbidity, progression and mortality) remain high and varies across geographical borders. This study utilizes survival models to determine the predictors of survival among adult HIV/AIDS patients on ART in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) Kenya. This is achieved by fitting a Cox proportional hazard regression model to adult HIV/AIDS patients data and determine predictors of survival amongst the study subjects. A retrospective study design was adopted where a target population of 10,038 patients who were on ART and were enrolled between January 2005 and January 2007 were investigated for a ten years follow-up period. The Cox proportional hazard regression model (CPHRM) was fitted to the data using log partial likelihood function. The log rank test and 95% confidence Interval (C.I) were used to analyze the significance of the hazard ratios of each variable. The results showed that HIV severity with unadjusted Hazard Ratio [UHR=0.729, p=0.032], level of education [lower UHR=0.952, p=0.019], and perfect adherence of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) [UHR=0.668, p=0.004] positively influenced patient survival time. Patient’s gender [male UHR=1.633, p< 0.001] showed negative effect on patient survival time. The adjusted hazard ratios for multivariate Cox model were, HIV severity [AHR1.18, p=0.735] age category between 30-40 in reference to age less than 30 [AHR=0.459, p=0.178] and age category above 40 years [AHR=0.644, p=0.447], Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 18.5kg/m2 in reference to between 18.5-<25kg/m2 [AHR=1.65, p=0.847] and BMI above 25 kg/m2 [AHR=0.861, p=0.847], level of education [lower AHR=0.931, p=0.209], patients’ gender [male AHR=1.884, p=0.19] and ARV adherence [perfect AHR=1.393, p=0.498]. In conclusion, HIV severity, level of education, ARV adherence and patients' gender were significant predictors of survival time. In addition, none of the patient's characteristics predicted survival time in the multivariate Cox model. Therefore, this study recommends to the government of Kenya to spearhead the development of policy framework for the provision of regular screening services for the male population to avoid late diagnosis and interventions of HIV/AIDS disease.","PeriodicalId":427819,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Statistical Distributions and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122164599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stream Sediments Geochemistry of the Nyambaka Drainage System Northern Cameroon (Central Africa): A Target for Mining Exploration","authors":"Edima Yana Roland William, Bidjo Emvoutou Gery Christian, Okomo Atouba Lise Carole, Ondoua Oyono Joseph Sadrac, Ipan Antoinette Solange, Sep Nlomngan Jean Paul, Nkouandou Faarouk Oumarou","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSD.20210702.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSD.20210702.11","url":null,"abstract":"Mining exploration in the Nyambaka area Northern Cameroon still at reconnaissance stage. In this study, ten active stream sediments samples were collected for geochemical survey. These stream sediments were analyzed by inductively coupled Plasma/ Mass Spectometry (ICP/MS), the data set obtained was transformed into a standard formation an excel database, and was subject to statistical treatment using IBM SPSS statistics 21 for 33 chemical elements to highlight the relationship between the stream sediments geochemistry, the region lithology, the geological processes and eventual primary mineralization. The data were analyzed using multivariate statistics. R-mode analysis produced a five-factor model behind multi-elements associations which account for 93.40% of the total variance in the data with the following metals associations: Sc-Mo-V-In-Ga-Cu-Cr, Ba-Sr-Ag-Cr-Cu-Co-Be-Ni-Y-Zn-V, Ga-Hf-Zr, Sn-Au, As-Cd. Sn-Au association indicates that Au mineralization is link to Sn mineralization. As-Cd, Cu Ga, In, Mo suggested that the paragenesis represent others sulphidation events that is barren with respect to Au. The spatial distribution of Sn-Au and As-Cd factors show that these factors are mores express in the centre part of the study area; they can be link to granitic rocks, defining a primary gold target. A detail mining investigation have to me carry out in that area to highlight the primary mineralizations.","PeriodicalId":427819,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Statistical Distributions and Applications","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133976248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Allocation in Small Area Mean Estimation Using Stratified Sampling in the Presence of Non-Response","authors":"Ongoma Jackson, A. Anekeya, Okuto Erick","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSD.20210701.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSD.20210701.13","url":null,"abstract":"Sample survey provides reliable current statistics for large areas or sub-population (domains) with large sample sizes. There is a growing demand for reliable small area statistics, however, the sample sizes are too small to provide direct (or area specific) estimators with acceptable and reliable accuracy. This study gives theoretical description of the estimation of small area mean by use of stratified sampling with a linear cost function in the presence of non-response. The estimation of small area mean is proposed using auxiliary information in which the study and auxiliary variable suffers from non-response during sampling. Optimal sample sizes have been obtained by minimizing the cost of survey for specific precision within a given cost using lagrangian function multiplier lambda and Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Results demonstrate that as the values of the respondent sample increases sample units that supply information to study and auxiliary variable tends to small area population size, the non-response sample unit tends to sample units that supply the information as the sampling rate tends to one. From theoretic analysis it is practical that the Mean Square Error will decrease as the sub-sampling fraction and auxiliary characters increase. As the sub-sampling fraction increases and the value of beta increases then the value of large sample size is minimized with a reduction of Lagrangian multiplier value which minimizes the cost function.","PeriodicalId":427819,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Statistical Distributions and Applications","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123483583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fitting Wind Speed to a 3-Parameter Distribution Using Maximum Likelihood Technique","authors":"O. Kevin, Troon J. Benedict, Samuel Muthiga Ngaga","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSD.20210701.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSD.20210701.11","url":null,"abstract":"Kenya is one of the countries in the world with a good quantity of wind. This makes the country to work on technologies that can help in harnessing the wind with a vision of achieving a total capacity of 2GW of wind energy by 2030. The objective of this research is to find the best three-parameter wind speed distribution for examining wind speed using the maximum likelihood fitting technique. To achieve the objective, the study used hourly wind speed data collected for a period of three years (2016 – 2018) from five sites within Narok County. The study examines the best distributions that the data fits and then conducted a suitability test of the distributions using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The distribution parameters were fitted using maximum likelihood technique and model comparison test conducted using Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) values with the decision rule that the best distribution relies on the distribution with the smaller AIC and BIC values. The research showed that the best distribution is the gamma distribution with the shape parameter of 2.071773, scale parameter of 1.120855, and threshold parameter of 0.1174. A conclusion that gamma distribution is the best three-parameter distribution for examining the Narok country wind speed data.","PeriodicalId":427819,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Statistical Distributions and Applications","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121092201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Characteristic Property of Five Parameter Type II Generalized Logistic Distribution","authors":"S. Ibrahim, O. A. Bello, Awodutire Phillip Oluwatobi, H. O. Lawal","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSD.20200604.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSD.20200604.12","url":null,"abstract":"Order statistics are among the most fundamental tools in non-parametric statistics and inference. Special important cases of the order statistics are the minimum and maximum value of a sample, sample median and other sample quantiles. On this note, we obtained the rth minimum and maximum order statistic for the five parameter type II generalized logistic distribution using the probability distribution function and cumulative density function to obtain another five parameter type II generalized logistic distribution which shares the same properties by replacing p with np. We also obtain the quantile function by inverting the cumulative density function of the distribution which can be used to generate random samples arising from the distribution. The survival and hazard functions of the distribution are also obtained.","PeriodicalId":427819,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Statistical Distributions and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125081324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}