SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY最新文献

{"title":"Emancipation Day to Juneteenth: The Origins of a Texas Celebration","authors":"Carl H. Moneyhon","doi":"10.1353/swh.2024.a936677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/swh.2024.a936677","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> Emancipation Day to Juneteenth:<span>The Origins of a Texas Celebration</span> <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Carl H. Moneyhon (bio) </li> </ul> <br/> Click for larger view<br/> View full resolution <p>A popular print of the Emancipation Proclamation produced in May 1886 by William B. Burford of Indianapolis, IN. <em>Courtesy of Library of Congress</em>.</p> <p></p> <p>O<small>n</small> J<small>une</small> 17, 2021, P<small>res</small>. J<small>oseph</small> R. B<small>iden signed a bill that</small> designated Juneteenth National Independence Day as a legal public holiday. In doing so, he recognized a long-standing Texas celebration on June 19 that remembered the day in 1865 when Union Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston and issued General Order No. 3, which informed Texans that slavery was at an end. The day was so widely celebrated in the state that the Texas Legislature made it a state holiday in 1979. In his remarks, President Biden pointed to that date as an important day to commemorate the end of slavery while at the same time consider the work that still needed to be done to bring about racial justice and equality in American society. \"[I]t's not enough,\" he said, \"just to commemorate Juneteenth. After all, the emancipation of enslaved Black Americans didn't mark the end of America's work to deliver on the promise of equality. To honor the true meaning of Juneteenth, we have to continue toward that promise because we've not gotten there yet.\"<sup>1</sup> Even though it thus became a national holiday, a Gallup Poll taken in 2022 showed that only seventeen percent of Americans knew a lot about Juneteenth, while the remaining eighty-three percent knew little or nothing.<sup>2</sup></p> <p>This lack of knowledge exists despite the fact that historians have written extensively about the celebration, especially since the creation of the state <strong>[End Page 1]</strong> holiday. Studies have examined how Juneteenth was perceived and remembered by Black Texans, what events led to Granger's action, in what way slavery did not actually end in Texas on that day, and how viewing the state's history through the lens of Juneteenth alters historical perspectives. Much of this work focuses on Juneteenth events staged later in the nineteenth and into the twentieth centuries; however, less attention has been paid to how these events developed in their earliest stages. This is true especially from 1866, when the first events were held, up to the development of the modern forms in the 1870s and 1880s. This essay seeks to fill in that gap, asking how Texans settled on June 19 as the day to celebrate, who organized and supported Emancipation Day events (as they were called into the 1890s and will be so referred to in this article), and how the memory of emancipation and the celebrations themselves changed through those years.<","PeriodicalId":42779,"journal":{"name":"SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making the Latino South: A History of Racial Formation by Cecilia Márquez (review)","authors":"Justin I. Salgado","doi":"10.1353/swh.2024.a936690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/swh.2024.a936690","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Making the Latino South: A History of Racial Formation</em> by Cecilia Márquez <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Justin I. Salgado </li> </ul> <em>Making the Latino South: A History of Racial Formation</em>. By Cecilia Márquez. ( Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2023. Pp. 284. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index.) <p>Race in the American South is a widely studied topic, and it is often discussed by scholars in terms of a Black-White binary. Those seeking to discuss the experiences of Latinos in the region emphasize the need to disrupt this binary. However, historian Cecilia Márquez argues that to effectively challenge racial binaries, scholars must thoroughly understand the intricate historical relationship among Southern Latinos, Blackness, and anti-Blackness. Her book, <em>Making the Latino South: A History of Racial Formation</em>, offers a ground-breaking history of how Latino racial identities evolved in the twentieth century, from Latinos being perceived as \"provisionally white\" in the mid-twentieth century to being labeled \"illegal\" at the beginning of the twenty-first century.</p> <p>Drawing from a diverse range of sources, notably newspapers, organizational records, and oral histories, this monograph is structured into five chapters that proceed chronologically from the 1940s to 2011. The first three chapters cover topics such as the school integration struggle in Washington, DC, the significance of a Mexican-themed rest stop at the border between North and South Carolina, and Latino participation in the civil rights movement, specifically in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Throughout these chapters, Márquez methodically examines how anti-Blackness influenced perceptions of race, demonstrating how non-Black Latinos benefited from what she terms \"provisional whiteness,\" granting them access to Jim Crow institutions (p. 16).</p> <p>Chapter 4 focuses on the period from the 1980s to 2000, when a coherent Hispanic identity began to form. Interestingly, people in the South largely welcomed Latinos because they fulfilled necessary labor and economic roles. Even so, a surge in immigration and the emergence of the \"hardworking Mexican\" stereotype meant that Latinos began to lose their \"provisional whiteness,\" as racial distinctions between them and White Southerners became more distinct. Chapter 5 delves into the Latino experience from 2000 to 2011, when a reconfiguration occurred from the \"hardworking\" stereotype to the stigmatization of Latinos as \"illegal aliens\" following the events of September 11, 2001, and the 2008 recession. This chapter is particularly insightful since it explicitly centers race in discussions of anti-immigration legislation and heightened border militarization during this period.</p> <p>Not only does this study fill a significant","PeriodicalId":42779,"journal":{"name":"SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Norsemen Deep in the Heart of Texas: Norwegian Immigrants 1845–1900 by Gunnar Nerheim (review)","authors":"T. Lindsay Baker","doi":"10.1353/swh.2024.a936684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/swh.2024.a936684","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Norsemen Deep in the Heart of Texas: Norwegian Immigrants 1845–1900</em> by Gunnar Nerheim <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> T. Lindsay Baker </li> </ul> <em>Norsemen Deep in the Heart of Texas: Norwegian Immigrants 1845–1900</em>. By Gunnar Nerheim. ( College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2024. Pp. 430. Photographs, notes, bibliography, index.) <p>To write effectively on any immigrant groups, historians must employ sources recorded both in the emigrants' home places and in their destinations. This seems obvious, even though many writers on people who came to Texas from elsewhere use evidence only from where they ended up. This strategy usually leads to unbalanced interpretations. Researchers may find themselves cut off from evidence by military conflicts, but more often they are deterred by their own lack of language fluency or perceived expense and inconvenience of travel.</p> <p>Professor Gunnar Nerheim, recently retired from the University of Stavanger in Norway, provides an impressive model for how historians can find and employ documentation from both the places of origin and the end points to provide a comprehensive understanding of immigrant experiences. In 2015, during <strong>[End Page 103]</strong> the first of several trips, he attended the annual meeting of the Texas State Historical Association in Corpus Christi to establish connections with others who studied immigration to Texas and explored libraries and repositories that might contain pertinent material on Norwegian settlers. Nerheim found kindred spirits among Texan scholars and discovered multiple locations containing both English- and Norwegian-language evidence. Newly met local historians advised him about the types and locations of sources documenting the life experiences of immigrant groups.</p> <p>Texas holds an unexpectedly prominent role in the much broader story of Norwegian immigration to the United States. Emigrants from Norway began creating settlements in the northern states starting in 1825, when Cleng Peerson first organized their movement. He followed up with more colonies in the 1830s and 1840s. In the meantime, Peerson joined with other Norwegians who independently had already located in northeastern Texas to establish new farming communities farther west in Bosque County in 1854. Peerson, renowned as the founder of Norwegian immigration to America, remained in Texas until his death in 1863. His modest grave at the Norse rural community in Texas became a destination in later years for notable visitors, including King Olaf V of Norway, who in 1982 traveled there to recognize the two hundredth anniversary of Peerson's birth. Even today in Europe, Norwegian school children typically learn a rhythmical song that in translation narrates, \"Cleng, Cleng, name like a song, lonely and lean drifting along. Cross","PeriodicalId":42779,"journal":{"name":"SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Our Citizens\": Mirabeau B. Lamar's Sentiments toward Mexicans during the Republic of Texas","authors":"Stefan Roel Reyes","doi":"10.1353/swh.2024.a936678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/swh.2024.a936678","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> \"Our Citizens\":<span>Mirabeau B. Lamar's Sentiments toward Mexicans during the Republic of Texas</span> <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Stefan Roel Reyes (bio) </li> </ul> <br/> Click for larger view<br/> View full resolution <p>Engraving of Mirabeau B. Lamar by J.B. Forrest, published in the <em>Democratic Review</em> 16 (May 1845), 521. <em>Courtesy of Library of Congress</em>.</p> <p></p> <p>S<small>hortly before becoming the second president of</small> T<small>exas in</small> 1838, Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar praised José Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara's revolutionary forces for setting in action the chain of events that gave rise to the Texas Republic, calling them: \"the valient [<em>sic</em>] spirits who followed the celebrated Jose Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara, in the sanguinary wars of 1812 and 1813 in Texas.—This fearless and ferocious patriot.\"<sup>1</sup> Lamar referred to the Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition, through which Gutiérrez de Lara continued the struggle for an independent Mexican nation after the demise of the instigator of the Mexican wars for independence, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. Given the dominant perspective of Texas historiography, which argues that the era of the Republic saw the hardening of racial divisions between Anglos and Tejanos, Lamar's praise for Mexican revolutionaries appears unusual.<sup>2</sup></p> <p>Many historians have elucidated an increasing hostility of racial attitudes toward Tejanos and Latinos after the formation of the Republic. But two problems dominate their historiography: periodization and monolithic portrayals. Caitlyn Fitz explores these in <em>Our Sister Republics: The United States in an Age of American Revolutions</em>. She writes that racial sentiments in the United States hardened <strong>[End Page 25]</strong> against the \"sister republics\" in Latin America in response to their perceived abolitionism. Fitz places the start of this shift in the 1820s as a reaction to the assembly of Latin American republics known as the Panama Congress. In Fitz's portrayal, American racial views of Mexicans and other Latin Americans was already decidedly negative by the time of the Texas Revolution However, the author neglects the fluid nature of a universalist rhetoric of Mexican and Anglo similarities that existed since the pre-Revolutionary era.<sup>3</sup> On the Texas frontier, ideas of shared humanity with Mexicans survived the Revolution and continued into the Republic era. While historians such as Fitz correctly highlight growing racial animosity, they overlook the continuation of a countering universalist sentiment.</p> <p>This problem is evident in the works of scholars who have investigated racial attitudes toward Texans of Mexican descent. In <em>Beyond the Alamo: Forging Mexican Ethnicity in San Antonio, 1821–1861</em>, Raúl Ramos offers a depiction of Anglo-Mexican relations cent","PeriodicalId":42779,"journal":{"name":"SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Claiming Sunday: The Story of a Texas Slave Community by Joleene Maddox Snider (review)","authors":"Kyle Ainsworth","doi":"10.1353/swh.2024.a936683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/swh.2024.a936683","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p><span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li> <!-- html_title --> <em>Claiming Sunday: The Story of a Texas Slave Community</em>by Joleene Maddox Snider <!-- /html_title --> </li> <li> Kyle Ainsworth </li> </ul> <em>Claiming Sunday: The Story of a Texas Slave Community</em>. <edition>2nd</edition>edition. By Joleene Maddox Snider. ( Fort Worth: TCU Press, 2022. Pp. 270. Illustrations, appendices, notes, bibliography, index.) <p>Lay readers of the second edition of <em>Claiming Sunday</em>, by Joleene Maddox Snider, will enjoy a thoughtful and probing case study of the people enslaved by the Devereux family at Monte Verdi plantation in Rusk County, Texas. The book is organized into four parts and has a more or less chronological structure. Readers start with the Devereux's and their enslaved people in Alabama, then make their way with them first to Montgomery County, Texas, and finally to Rusk County. At the end of each section are transcripts of oral histories the author conducted with descendants of the Devereux slave community. These testimonies link old and new generations by pairing commentaries on history and slavery with more contemporary experiences of being an African American. Chapter 11 is particularly incisive, with insights into enslaved labor patterns and a detailed exploration of the slave's free enterprise, selling their own corn and cotton crops and buying personal items from local merchants.</p> <p>Historians reading this book, however, might come away wishing for additional details that are available from state and local records. Snider writes in the introduction that her purpose is \"to tell the story of the Devereux Slave <strong>[End Page 102]</strong>Community in as much detail as the records allowed\" (p. 1), and she deftly explores a wealth of information (letters, receipts, farm accounts, journals, etc.) in the Julien Sydney Devereaux Family Papers, which are housed in the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History Center at the University of Texas in Austin. However, the author only cites one primary source for the entire manuscript. Snider defends her methodology in the conclusion (p. 194), but additional records about the Devereux family and their enslaved people likely do exist in the courthouses of Georgia, Alabama, and Texas, and in university and state archives. For example, annual tax records would have helped Snider understand Devereux family finances and cotton production. Other county court documents (deeds, probate, court cases) could have added nuance and depth. All these additional records could have also shed light on the transition from slavery to freedom.</p> <p>Snider suggests in the introduction that \"the white Devereux family is a perfect example of Southern planters and slave owners\" (p. 2). However, with 75 slaves, the Devereux's were hardly representative of most Texas slaveholders. Julien Devereux was in the top one per","PeriodicalId":42779,"journal":{"name":"SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Cimarron Meant Wild: The Maxwell Land Grant Conflict in New Mexico and Colorado by David L. Caffey (review)","authors":"James Bailey Blackshear","doi":"10.1353/swh.2024.a936687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/swh.2024.a936687","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>When Cimarron Meant Wild: The Maxwell Land Grant Conflict in New Mexico and Colorado</em> by David L. Caffey <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> James Bailey Blackshear </li> </ul> <em>When Cimarron Meant Wild: The Maxwell Land Grant Conflict in New Mexico and Colorado</em>. By David L. Caffey. ( Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, Pp. 259. Illustrations, maps, tables, notes, bibliography, index.) <p>The historiography of land grabs and shooting wars in the Territory of New Mexico during the nineteenth century is quite robust. One of the most famous events has to do with what happened on the Maxwell Land Grant. A good short list that covers different aspects of this story includes María E. Montoya's <em>Translating Property: The Maxwell Land Grant and the Conflict over Land in the American West, 1840–1900 (</em>2005), William Keleher's <em>Maxwell Land Grant: A New Mexico Ite</em>m (1984), and Morris F. Taylor's <em>O.P. McMains and the Maxwell Land Grant Conflict</em> (1979). Interested historians and lovers of Southwestern history can now add David L. Caffey's work to this list.</p> <p>While on the surface it may seem that if you have read one of these histories, you have read them all, nothing could be further from the truth. With each passing decade historians bring forth additional perspectives on such events, shedding light on why the past is never over. Caffey illustrates this by focusing on some of the same social issues that confront modern society: gun violence, racial injustice, corrupt politicians, and alcoholism.</p> <p>This history begins in 1841, when Mexico granted 97,000 acres to Carlos Beaubien and Guadalupe Miranda. Some of this land was in southern Colorado, and some of it was in northern New Mexico. The majority of all this was handed down through Beaubien's daughter María de la Luz to her husband, former United States Army scout Lucian Maxwell. The Santa Fe Trail ran through the property. Once New Mexico became a United States Territory, government officials expanded the grant, declaring that it included 1,714,764 acres.</p> <p>By the end of the 1860s, Maxwell ruled like a feudal lord over a massive fiefdom around the town of Cimarron in Colfax County; merchant and government contractor, Indian agent and mediator, and patron to Nuevomexicanos who ranched and farmed for shares. Life was good even before gold was found and plans for a rail line were made that would run right through his property. But such news also sparked an influx of newcomers into the grant. Miners clashed <strong>[End Page 107]</strong> with the Jicarillas and Utes who lived there. Then Texas cattlemen arrived and fought with everybody. Maxwell to this point had managed to keep the peace with everyone settled in the various valleys and small towns on the grant, but in 1870 he had a change of heart, sold every","PeriodicalId":42779,"journal":{"name":"SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/swh.2024.a928861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/swh.2024.a928861","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> Index <!-- /html_title --></li> </ul> <p>118th United States Colored Infantry: in Bagdad, Mexico, filibuster raid (1866), 57, 66, 68–69, 72, 73</p> <p>Abbot, Benjamin, 176n7, 177–178</p> <p>Abney, John Armle, 293</p> <p>Abney, Paul Collins, 293</p> <p>abolitionism: as cause of women’s petitions, 202</p> <p>accreditation: of Texas colleges and universities, 433–434</p> <p>Adair, John: Gutiérrez-Magee</p> <p>Expedition and, 188, 189, 192</p> <p>Adams, John A., Jr.: article by, 268–286; book by rev., 360–361</p> <p>African Americans: Blackdom, New Mexico, book about noted, 345; Burrill Daniel’s claim at Mexican Claims Commission (1871), article about, 80–106; in Dallas, Texas, book about rev., 355–356; Emmett J. Scott biography, rev., 354–355; George T. Ruby biography rev., 132–134; in Greater Reconstruction, 110–111; Huntsville, Texas, swimming pools and, article about, 144–171; Lawrence Washburne Minor, article about, 268–286; Old City Park (Dallas, Texas) Black History Tour announced, 344; at Texas Christian University (TCU), book about noted, 456–457; at Texas colleges and universities, 441; University of Texas racial integration, article about, 242–267. <em>See also</em> slavery</p> <p>Alarid, Michael J.: book by rev., 472–473</p> <p>Alazán, Battle of (1813), 193</p> <p>Alcorn, James L., 275</p> <p>Alcorn University: Lawrence W. Minor as professor at, 269, 274–276, 277, 281–282, 286</p> <p><em>Alice Tainter</em> (blockade runner), 46</p> <p>Allen, Carne Edward (C. E.), 164</p> <p>Alliance for Texas History: symposium announced, 456</p> <p>Allison, Benjamin V.: <em>New Handbook of Texas</em> article award won by, 452</p> <p>Allison, Fred H.: book by rev., 475–476</p> <p>Allison family: World War II and, book about rev., 475–476</p> <p>Allred, Mason Kamana: book by rev., 231–233</p> <p>Almaráz, Félix D., Jr.: in memoriam, 116–117</p> <p><em>Alta California</em> (newspaper): on Western troop removal during Civil War, 21</p> <p>Alta Vista Agricultural College: founding of, 277–278; Lawrence W. Minor as principal of, 271, 278–285. <em>See also</em> Prairie View A&M University</p> <p>Alta Vista Plantation (Waller County, Texas), 278</p> <p>Amalia (debt peon), 87, 97</p> <p>Amanda (debt peon), 87</p> <p>Amarillas, Marqués de las: Spanish Texas fortifications and, 402–403, 414, 415, 416, 419</p> <p>Amarillo, Texas: Pantex ordnance plant near: book about rev., 374–375</p> <p>American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), 330, 332</p> <p>American College News Bureaus Association (ACNBA), 434–435</p> <p>American College of Endocrinology, 330, 331</p> <p>American College of Physicians (ACP), 327, 331, 332</p> <p>American College Publicity Association (ACPA), 434–435, 437, 438</p> <p>American College Public Relations Association (ACPRA), 434–435, 441, 442, 444</p> <p>American Colonization Society, 272</p> <p>Amigos de las","PeriodicalId":42779,"journal":{"name":"SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sitting on a Keg of Dynamite: Father Bill, Texas City, and a Disaster Foretold by John Neal Phillips (review)","authors":"Jack D. Andersen","doi":"10.1353/swh.2024.a928848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/swh.2024.a928848","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p><span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li> <!-- html_title --> <em>Sitting on a Keg of Dynamite: Father Bill, Texas City, and a Disaster Foretold</em>by John Neal Phillips <!-- /html_title --> </li> <li> Jack D. Andersen </li> </ul> <em>Sitting on a Keg of Dynamite: Father Bill, Texas City, and a Disaster Foretold</em>. By John Neal Phillips. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2022. Pp. <fpage>264</fpage>. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index.) <p> <em>Sitting on a Keg of Dynamite</em>is a cautionary tale of the Texas City Disaster of 1947, when a ship that improperly transported ammonium nitrate exploded in the port of Texas City. Much of the story is told through the life of a Catholic priest, William ”Bill” Roach. John Neal Phillips offers readers a glimpse into the life of what it meant to be a Catholic crusader for social justice in a state where nativism and traditional Southern political and cultural attitudes still dominated society and government. His narrative also warns of the dangers of deregulation in Texas, which the argues is still the least effectively regulated state in the United States.</p> <p>Much of the first half of the book depicts Roach as a force for Catholic idealism in a state where Catholics had little say in government and were often persecuted. Despite these obstacles, Roach doggedly built churches and organized Catholic organizations, including the first chapter of Catholic Charities in Texas. As the book’s many colorful anecdotes and letters from Roach indicate, he was well liked because of his charisma, kindness and willingness to find common <strong>[End Page 464]</strong>ground with people. When Roach’s activities took him to Texas City, his missions became increasingly difficult as conservative state and national politicians who supported moneyed interests eroded industrial regulations and labor rights in Texas. The result was an explosion that resulted in the deaths of hundreds of people (including Roach), millions of dollars in property and environmental damage, and decades of litigation. In light of more recent industrial disasters, Phillips concludes: “the state has learned little from the lessons of the Texas City explosions of 1947” (pp. 173–174). He blames this on persistent corruption and incompetence in the Texas Railroad Commission and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas.</p> <p>The book is most effective when it focuses on Roach’s life in Texas. The discussion of him is well-documented with interviews and archival material. However, when the story shifts to the larger picture in Texas, it often relies on flawed secondary sources. Eor example, nineteenth-century Mexican rancher Juan Cortina is referred to as a “Texas rancher,” while “since 1858, the Karankawa have been considered extinct as a separate people” (p. 68). The alleged extinction of the Karankawas has been disputed for at least two dec","PeriodicalId":42779,"journal":{"name":"SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141147426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Curious Mix of People: The Underground Scene of 90s Austin by Gregg Beets and Richard Whymark (review)","authors":"Stephen K. Davis","doi":"10.1353/swh.2024.a928860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/swh.2024.a928860","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p><span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li> <!-- html_title --> <em>A Curious Mix of People: The Underground Scene of 90s Austin</em>by Gregg Beets and Richard Whymark <!-- /html_title --> </li> <li> Stephen K. Davis </li> </ul> <em>A Curious Mix of People: The Underground Scene of 90s Austin</em>. By Gregg Beets and Richard Whymark. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2023. Pp. <fpage>350</fpage>. Photographs, notes, bibliography, index.) <p>In August 1991, Austin officially proclaimed itself the ”Live Music Capital of the World.” But what kind of music most characterized the city’s live sceneffi Certainly, many people associated Austin with the kind of alt-country, bluesy, singer-songwriter fare featured on <em>Austin City Limits</em>and covered in the music pages of the <em>Austin Chronicle</em>. Figures like Willie Nelson, Marcia Ball, and Robert Earl Keen come to mind in this context. <em>A Curious Mix of People</em>takes a different tack, vividly documenting the punk and underground scene that thrived in Austin during the 1990s. Authors Greg Beets and Richard Whymark were participants as a vocalist and filmmaker respectively, and their insider status facilitated interviews with more than a hundred musicians, club owners, DJs, and journalists, which serve as the heart of this study. The resulting book captures Austin in a crucial decade during which it was transforming from a college town with a laidback vibe into the high-tech metropolis it is today.</p> <p>Half of the book’s chapters are about legendary clubs that provided performance space. The Blue Flamingo opened in 1992 on a seedy corner of Red River and 7 <sup>th</sup>Street. Run by a large African-American trans woman named Miss Laura, it featured drag races (not the kind with cars), male strippers, and free admission for patrons in their underwear. The Motards embodied its “reckless, anarchic spirit” (p. 105), playing according to their leader in a punk style that was “hard and fast and cheap” (p. 115). The club’s lack of a stage meant no separation between musicians and audience, a clientele that Miss Laura herself described and celebrated as “a curious mix of people.”</p> <p>Another essential venue was the Hole in the Wall, which had been operating on the Drag (Guadalupe Street) since 1974. A former waitress, Debbie Rombach, began to book indie bands like the Hickoids and Pork in the 90s. Musicians appreciated the cool vibe with the University of Texas across the street and the drummer visible through the glass to sidewalk passersby. Liberty Lunch on Second Street had been the site of a popular restaurant during World <strong>[End Page 480]</strong>War II. As a club, it hosted local bands on the way up and booked touring groups like Green Day that had not yet hit their popular peak. The club was on city-owned property and, by 1999, the rise in real estate values compelled municipal administrators ","PeriodicalId":42779,"journal":{"name":"SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141147430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confederates and Comancheros: Skullduggery and Double-Dealing in the Texas-New Mexico Borderlands by James Bailey Blackshear and Glen Sample Ely (review)","authors":"Jerry D. Thompson","doi":"10.1353/swh.2024.a928855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/swh.2024.a928855","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p><span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li> <!-- html_title --> <em>Confederates and Comancheros: Skullduggery and Double-Dealing in the Texas-New Mexico Borderlands</em>by James Bailey Blackshear and Glen Sample Ely <!-- /html_title --> </li> <li> Jerry D. Thompson </li> </ul> <em>Confederates and Comancheros: Skullduggery and Double-Dealing in the Texas-New Mexico Borderlands</em>. By James Bailey Blackshear and Glen Sample Ely. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2021. Pp. <fpage>228</fpage>. Notes, maps, photographs, bibliography, appendix, index.) <p>After a proliferation of scholarship on the Civil War in West Texas and New Mexico Territory in the last several decades, any Civil War historian might conclude there is little left to seriously research. Veteran scholars Glen Sample Ely and James Bailey Blackshear have proven this idea to be erroneous.</p> <p>Much of the scholarship on the subject started with Martin H. Hall’s fascinating 1960 account of Gen. Henry Hopkins Sibley’s far-reaching attempt to seize New Mexico Territory at the beginning of the war, allegedly as a steppingstone to the Colorado gold and silver mines and, eventually, California’s ports and gold fields. Historians of the Civil War in the Southwest are fond of retelling how the Rebel Texans won the field at Valverde and how General Sibley made the fatal mistake of bypassing the Union bastion of Fort Craig, proceeding up the Rio Grande, and falling on his face at Glorieta Pass when a band of determined “Pikes Peakers” led by Maj. John Chivington destroyed the Rebel supply train in the depths of Apache Canyon, not far from Santa Fe. As a result, the Texans were forced into a disastrous retreat during which many proud cavalrymen walked all the way back to San Antonio. But they were lucky; a third of the zealous Texas farm boys who so confidently marched out of San Antonio in the summer and fall of 1861 never saw the Lone Star State again. Jefferson Davis’s dreams of a Confederate Manifest Destiny and trans-continental nation stretching from Charleston to San Francisco that would bring with it formal British and French diplomatic recognition and independence went up in smoke.</p> <p>Most of the books that followed Hall’s work, as well as the previous work of William A Keleher, continued to concentrate on the failures of the poorly led and misguided Confederate invasion. Several books focused on the troops from California that marched across the heart of the Sonoran Desert in 1862 and arrived on the Rio Grande too late to help expel the Texans. Some scholarly studies of the Indigenous Peoples caught up in the violence, such as biographies of the great leaders Mangas Coloradas and Cochise, recall Gen. James H. Carleton’s wars with the Chiricahua, Mimbres, and Mescalero Apache. A number of good books ably record Col. Kit Carson’s genocidal war on the Navajo in 1863–1864, which led to the unf","PeriodicalId":42779,"journal":{"name":"SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141147552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}