Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development最新文献

{"title":"Economic analysis of dairy production in Uganda, a case study on the performance of dairy cattle enterprises in Southwestern Uganda","authors":"Denis Waiswa, A. Günlü","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g060202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g060202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Waiswa D, Günlü A. 2022. Economic analysis of dairy production in Uganda, a case study on the performance of dairy cattle enterprises in Southwestern Uganda. Asian J Agric 6: 61-67. The economic performance of dairy cattle enterprises in Southwestern Uganda was analyzed in this study. A survey was conducted on 100 dairy cattle enterprises in Mbarara, Kiruhura, Lyantonde, Ibanda, and Isingiro Districts using data compilation forms covering the 2019/20 production year. The unit production cost of milk was determined as US$0.19L-1. Veterinary expenses had the largest share of the production costs at 24.94%, followed by labor costs, depreciation of the inventory value, other expenses, and feed costs, which contributed 14.11%, 12.46%, 11.96%, and 11.41%, respectively. Additional costs included the depreciation of animals, electricity and water, buildings, equipment and machinery, maintenance-repair, and general administrative expenses, which contributed 9.95%, 7.86%, 2.54%, 2.29%, and 2.48% to the total production costs, respectively. As a result, while the net profit of the enterprises was determined as US$1435.29, their financial profitability was 0.59, the profitability factor was 12.20, and the output-input ratio was 1.06. The overall profitability of the enterprises was affected mainly by the high veterinary expenses due to the high prevalence rates of tick-borne infections and the irrational distribution of capital elements. Therefore, measures to reduce the occurrence of tick-borne diseases are considered vital in lowering milk production costs, thereby increasing the profitability of enterprises.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85269313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of phytase and citric acid supplementation in the feed quality of laying hen","authors":"Y. F. Nuningtyas, A. Huda, M. Marjuki, Siti Nur Ulfah","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g060201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g060201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nuningtyas YF, Huda AN, Marjuki, Ulfah SN. 2022. Effect of phytase and citric acid supplementation in the feed quality of laying hen. Asian J Agric 6: 55-60. This study aims to determine and evaluate the combination of phytase and high dosage of citric acid on the feed quality based on seeds. This study used data experimental at Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia, with five treatments and four replications. This research analyzes the nutritional feed content in vitro digestibility and phosphorus content in concentrate. The result of the study was a basal feed of laying hens followed by a dry matter of 90.63%, organic matter of 81.92%, crude protein of 16.44%, crude fiber of 4.34%, and fat of 7.49%. The basal laying hen feed without adding phytase enzyme and citric acid had a relatively low phosphorus content of 0.43%. It would be limited due to the absence of phytic acid breakdown assistance from the phytase enzyme. The nutrient phosphorus content in the residual feed digestibility is sequent T0 2.2431%, T1 2.7809%, T2 1.6225%, T3 2.0717%, and T4 2.7199%, with T4 for the higher value and the lowest in T2. The addition of the phytase enzyme and citric acid to animal feed for laying hens with various levels has a significant difference (P<0.01) when viewed at the end of the digestibility of phosphor. However, the T2 laying hens feed with the addition of 2% phytase enzyme + 2% citric acid had the lowest phosphorus content in residue feed digestibility in vitro. Therefore, further research should be carried out in-vivo testing, especially on laying hens, to determine the effectiveness of the added enzymes by using the in-vivo test and the amount of phosphorus.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90629148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of an ultra-high-density consensus genetic map and analysis of recombination rate variation in Sorghum bicolor","authors":"R. Satrio, Isna Arofatun Nikmah, M. H. Fendiyanto, M. Pratami, Mo Awwanah, N. Sari, Nadya Farah, Nurhadiyanta Nurhadiyanta","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g060107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g060107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Satrio RD, Nikmah IA, Fendiyanto MH, Pratami MP, Awwanah M, Sari NIP, Farah N, Nurhadiyanta. 2022. Construction of an ultra-high-density consensus genetic map and analysis of recombination rate variation in Sorghum bicolor. Asian J Agric 6: 47-54. Sorghum is one of the most widely grown cereal crops on a global scale. A consensus map is a method for combining genetic information from multiple populations, and it is an effective way to increase genome coverage and marker density. This study constructed a consensus map by combining publicly available marker data from four mapping populations. A total of 3449 non-redundant polymorphic markers at the nucleotide level were used to construct a single consensus map on 10 sorghum chromosomes. This study generated an ultra-high-density sorghum consensus map consisting of a large number of markers spanning 1571.68 cM and averaging one marker per 0.46 cM. Due to the high density of the markers, it is only 0.06% of the markers had an interval greater than 5 cM. The rates of local recombination were estimated using a set of all markers genetic and physical positions along each of the 10 chromosomes. The analysis of the recombination rate on 10 sorghum chromosomes revealed that it decreased as the centromere position was getting closer. The consensus map generated in this study can be used to integrate information related to sorghum genetic resources and QTLs to the genome sequence, thereby accelerating the discovery of novel potential genes in sorghum.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82096339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of pests, natural enemies and soil microorganisms in lowland rice field under organic and inorganic production systems","authors":"W.B. DELA PEÑA, B. Ratilla","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g060106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g060106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Dela Peña WB, Ratilla BC. 2022. Assessment of pests, natural enemies and soil microorganisms in lowland rice field under organic and inorganic production systems. Asian J Agric 6: 40-46. Farmers readily use synthetic pesticides over organic and natural pest management strategies in controlling pests that may disrupt the ecological balance. This study was conducted to assess the population of insect pests, natural enemies, and soil microorganisms associated with lowland rice PSB Rc18 grown under different production systems. A lowland area at the Department of Agronomy, Visayas State University, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, devoted to organic rice production for four consecutive croppings, was used. Results revealed that organic farmers’ practice in Leyte (T2) showed a higher population of natural enemies, especially mirid bugs, and fewer brown planthoppers, green leafhoppers at 14-44 DAT; and the number of folded leaves observed. However, conventional farmers’ practice in Leyte (T3) had the highest incidence and severity of bacterial blight and rice blast. On the other hand, bacterial and fungal microorganisms were found associated with the soil samples. The fungal population increased in both organic production systems compared to the conventional production system. Hence, organic production systems increased the number of beneficial insects and soil microbes’ populations that may, directly and indirectly, affect pests and diseases in lowland rice.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84484577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of vermicompost and biostarter on the growth and photosynthetic rate of Echinacea purpurea","authors":"L. Choirunnisa, Solichatun Solichatun, A. Yunus","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g060105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g060105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Choirunnisa LF, Solichatun, Yunus A. 2022. Effect of vermicompost and biostarter on the growth and photosynthetic rate of Echinacea purpurea. Asian J Agric 6: 35-39. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench or purple coneflower is a medicinal plant that originated from North America and began to cultivate in Indonesia. A proper method is needed for improving its growth and development to adjust and cultivate in a tropical area like Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the effect of vermicompost and biostarter on the growth and photosynthetic rate of E. purpurea. Split-Plot Randomized Complete Block Design was used. Two factors of this study were organic materials such as vermicompost and biostarter. Both of them can be the way to increase plant growth and photosynthetic rate of E. purpurea. The dosages of vermicompost were 0, 40, 60, 80 g/plant and different types of biostarter from banana peel waste and EM. Observed data included plant height and width, leaf numbers, leaf area, photosynthetic and transpiration rate, also stomata conductance. The results showed that the treatment of 80 g/plant vermicompost and EM highest resulted in plant height (73,6 cm), leaf numbers (82), and stomatal conductance (0,4585 mol m-2s-1). Leaf area (87,21 cm2) and photosynthetic rate (0,6839 µmol m-2s-1) showed the highest result with the treatment of 80 g/plant vermicompost and biostarter from banana peel waste. The treatment of 60 g/plant vermicompost showed the best result on plant width (50,25 cm) also transpiration rate (0,2390 mmol m-2s-1). This study concluded a significant effect between vermicompost and biostarter on the growth and photosynthetic rate of E. purpurea.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72516941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance and cost-effectiveness of replacement of fishmeal with plant-based protein source, Leucaena leucocephala in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings","authors":"Chinemerem S. Agupugo, C. I. Nsofor, B. Ezewudo, I. C. Edeh","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g060104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g060104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Agupugo CS, Nsofor CI, Ezewudo BI, Edeh IC. 2022. Growth performance and cost-effectiveness of replacement of fishmeal with plant-based protein source, Leucaena leucocephala in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Asian J Agric 6: 28-34. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of replacement of fishmeal with Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit leaf meal (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) on fish growth and to compare the cost-effectiveness of replacement of fishmeal with Leucaena leaf meal in fish diets. The results of the proximate value of the tested leaf meal showed moderate contents of crude protein and low contents of crude ash. The daily and mean weight gains of fish showed that the highest weight gains were recorded in fish fed with diet T3 (20%) while the least values were in fish fed with diet T4 (30%) and the differences were not significant (P>0.05). The highest survival rate was observed in fish fed with diet T1 (0%), while fish fed with diets T2 (10%) and T4 had the least values. The highest specific growth rate was obtained in diet T1. However, the highest food conversion ratio was recorded in fish fed with diet T4. The highest expenditure was recorded in diet T1. Our findings showed that the utilization of Leucaena leaf meal in the fish diet is best at 20% inclusion level for optimum growth. Leucaena-containing diets were more cost-effective than a diet with only fishmeal.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81486875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of climate change on agricultural sustainability in India: A state-wise panel data analysis","authors":"A. K. Singh, Sanjeev Kumar, Bhim Jyoti","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g060103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g060103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Singh AK, Kumar S, Jyoti B. 2022. Influence of climate change on agricultural sustainability in India: A State-wise panel data analysis. Asian J Agric 6: 15-27. This study developed Economic Efficiency Index (EEI), Social Equity Index (SEI) and Ecological Security Index (ESI) as an assessment of Agricultural Sustainability Index (ASI) in 17 Indian states during 1990-2017. The Composite Z-Score method was used to integrate 32 different economic, social, and ecological security factors to create ASI, EEI, SEI, and ESI. Subsequently, it examined the impact of climatic factors on ASI using linear, log-linear, and non-linear regression model through state-wise panel data during the said period. The descriptive results indicate that agricultural sustainability was positively associated with economic efficiency, social equity, and ecological security. Therefore, factors related to economic efficiency, social equity and ecological security would be helpful to improve sustainability in the Indian agricultural sector. Furthermore, there was high diversity in economic efficiency, social equity, and ecological security across the Indian state. The ratio of agriculture Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and gross irrigated area with the gross sown area, landholding size, a yield of food-grain and oilseed crops, and cropped area under food-grain crops were observed to be the most influencing factors of economic efficiency. Total literacy rate, female literacy rate and rural literate population were the most crucial factors to improve social equity. Ecological security was improved with increased forest area, pastureland and cropping intensity. Furthermore, the empirical results also showed that maximum temperature had a negative influence; and economic efficiency, social equity, and ecological security positively influenced agricultural sustainability in India. Therefore, India needs to take effective climate policy action to mitigate the negative impact of climate change in the agricultural sector and its allied activities to increase sustainable agricultural development in India. Subsequently, this study provided several policy suggestions to reduce climate change risk in the Indian agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85234540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of quality seeds of chilli using soil amendments","authors":"Kamalcrishana Roy Roy, Abu Ashraf Khan, M. Rubayet, M. M. Haque","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g060102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g060102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Roy K, Khan AA, Rubayet MT, Haque MM. 2022. Production of quality seeds of chilli using soil amendments. Asian J Agric 6: 7-14. The present investigation was conducted to produce quality chilli seeds using soil amendments. The soil was amended with vermicompost, colonized Trichoderma, mustard oil cake, cow dung, and poultry manure for quality seed production. The fruits yield (3.63 t ha-1) and seed yield (2.40 t ha-1) were higher from colonized Trichoderma amended plot. All the organic amendments such as colonized Trichoderma, vermicompost, poultry manure, mustard oil cake, and cow dung increased the yield of chilli seeds compared to the control. Quality characters of harvested seeds such as germination, vigour, 1000 seeds weight were found higher in colonized Trichoderma amendment plots. Five fungi, namely Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum capsici (Syd. & P.Syd.) E.J.Butler & Bisby, Curvularia sp., and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. were found to be associated with seeds and the infection rate of different fungi varied from 1.70 to 9.20%. The lowest (9.80%) total seed-borne infection was also recorded in seeds of colonized Trichoderma amended plot. The highest (3.73) benefit-cost ratio was obtained from colonized Trichoderma, followed by poultry manure (3.39) and vermicompost (3.33) amendment. Thus, soil amendment with colonized Trichoderma or vermicompost or poultry manure is suggested to produce quality chilli seeds with a higher yield.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"315 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76353109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of rice germplasm for blast resistance in Nigeria","authors":"Mowobi Gbolahan Gabriel, Usman Alhasan, Y. Mary, Yusuf Munsur, A. Olufunmilayo","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g060101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g060101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Gabriel MG, Alhasan U, Mary Y, Munsur Y, Olufunmilayo A. 2022. Screening of rice germplasm for blast resistance in Nigeria. Asian J Agric 6: 1-6. Rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae T.T. Hebert) M.E. Barr) is an important destructive disease of rice that can lead to 80% yield loss. Germplasm responds differently to blast fungus. This study aimed to screen rice germplasm for blast resistance in Nigeria. The four genotypes, namely Institute for Research in Tropical Agriculture, France (IRAT) 109, JAMILA, Federal Agriculture Research Oryza (FARO) 52, and FARO 66 were evaluated in a completely randomized design with three replications in the screen house of the Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural Research Samaru, Nigeria. Data were collected on plant height, the number of plants infected with a blast, seedling vigour, tillering ability, blast disease score, and leaf blast estimated. Analysis of variance showed a high significant difference (P ? 0.01) for seedling vigour (0.03**) and disease index (17.24**) while significant (P ? 0.05) variation was observed for a number of the leaf (3.79*). In contrast, there was no significant (P > 0.05) variation for plant height and tillering ability. The highest PCV (Phenotypic Coefficient of Variance) and GCV (Genotypic Coefficient of Variance), also broad-sense heritability was observed in leaf blast. IRAT 109 (0.6) depicted a high resistance, JAMILA moderately susceptible (Blast score 4.0) while FARO 52 (7.3) and FARO 66 (6.1) were susceptible. A significant difference among genotypes implies sufficient variation among genotype screened, suggesting that progress can be made following selection.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"45 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77801203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of corm size and phosphorous on growth and floral characteristics of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus)","authors":"Tarafder Muktadir Hossain, Md. Najmus Sayadat Pitol, Md. Abdul Mannan, S. Khan","doi":"10.13057/asianjagric/g050206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g050206","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Hossain TM, Pitol MNS, Mannan MA, Khan SAKU. 2021. Impact of corm size and phosphorous on growth and floral characteristics of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus). Asian J Agric 5: 90-97. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of corm size and phosphorus levels on the growth, flowering, corm and cormel production of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized a Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, three corm sizes, viz. S1 (31-40 g), S2 (21-30 g), S3 (10-20 g) and four phosphorus levels, viz. P0 (Control), P1 (200 kg ha-1 Triple Super Phosphate (TSP), P2 (300 kg ha-1 TSP), P3 (400 kg ha-1 TSP). The observations were recorded for various vegetative, floral and corm parameters. Corm size had a significant impact on plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, size of the leaf, number of spikes, spike length and number of florets. Corm size also significantly impacted all yield contributing characters and yield of corm and cormel. Large (S1) and medium-size (S2) corms were found superior to small-size (S3) corms in respect to all the parameters. At 60 days after planting (DAP), the highest plant (83.53 cm), the maximum number of leaves (10.00), the utmost number of tiller (3.00), the highest number of spike (10.00), the largest spike (87.03 cm), the maximum number of floret (13.80), the greatest number of corm and cormel (154.67), the maximum size of corm (44.16 mm) and the highest weight (2706.7 gm) of corm was obtained from the treatment combination of S1 (31-40 g) treated with P3 (400 kg ha-1) TSP under this observation. The obtained result will guide the farmers on what types of planting materials and how much fertilizer to use to cultivate gladiolus commercial successfully.","PeriodicalId":42770,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84192551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}