DEMIS. Demographic Research最新文献

{"title":"The Baltics Countries as New Directions of Migration from Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Tajikistan","authors":"A. Ostavnaia, E. Maslenkova, A. Rakhmonov, Dauren Zhampeisov, Duman Zhampeisov","doi":"10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"The Baltic countries simultaneously act as a region of origin, destination and transit of migrants. The main flows of immigrants in these countries are formed from citizens of post-Soviet countries. The article attempts to comprehensively consider the process of population migration from Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Tajikistan to the Baltic countries. This topic is not sufficiently reflected in the scientific bibliography, despite the fact that in recent years there has been a tendency for an increase in the flow of migrants from these countries towards the Baltic countries. The migration of the population to the Baltic countries is due to the traditional push and pull factors that are characteristic of the migration movements of the population of the countries under study. The main push motive for migration movements to the Baltic countries is economic reasons, despite the fact that in recent years migration has also been caused by political factors. Based on the statistical data of the Eurostat portal, the types and trends of migration are described. These are: the rapid growth of immigrants from the studied countries to the Baltic countries (especially in Lithuania), low opportunities for immigrants to acquire citizenship, the Baltic countries attracting students from the studied countries (especially Lithuania), an increase in the number of asylum seekers. The intensity of the migration process of the considered countries with the Baltic countries depends on several factors. These are the population size of both sending and receiving countries, the distance between countries, the political and socio-economic situation in the sending countries, the immigration policy of the receiving countries, and the state of bilateral relations between the Baltic countries and the considered countries. The governments of the Baltic States generally pursue a restrained migration policy. The adaptation of migrants from Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Tajikistan to the Baltic countries have similar features and are associated with the common historical past of these countries within the Soviet Union, the knowledge of the local population of the Russian language and the residence of Russian-speaking diasporas from the post-Soviet countries in the Baltic countries. The results of the study will be useful to public authorities implementing migration policy in both sending and receiving countries.","PeriodicalId":427586,"journal":{"name":"DEMIS. Demographic Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129645216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia in 2020-2021: Problems and Prospects","authors":"L. Ruban","doi":"10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Using sociological research methods, including an oral telephone express survey, included observation, content analysis of publications in the media and scientific publications, the author analyzed the development of the situation with COVID-2019 in Russia in 2020–2021, considered the process of vaccination against coronavirus and the attitude of the population to it, its fears and hopes, the level of self-preservation behavior and the responsibility of citizens in a difficult sanitary and epidemiological situation, the effectiveness of the work of public authorities to overcome the pandemic. The analysis showed that the population does not always have reliable information, which is often contradictory and does not differ in consistency and professionalism, constantly changing, which disorients the population and can cause panic, as citizens are not sure that their safety is sufficiently ensured.","PeriodicalId":427586,"journal":{"name":"DEMIS. Demographic Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126075467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Migration in the Russian Arctic: Scale, Structure and Influence of the Pandemic","authors":"A. Smirnov, U. Lytkina","doi":"10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The authors consider international migration in the Russian Arctic. The presence of a large-scale mining industry, a complex history of settlement and development, spatial and climatic features affect the migration processes in the Arctic. The study aims to assess the scale and structure of the international migration movement in the Arctic territories, as well as to identify changes caused by the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The analysis is based on the results of population censuses, data from regional and municipal statistics, as well as information from digital databases on the incidence of coronavirus and migration. The article assesses the scale of international migration in the Arctic regions in the 20th – early 21st century. The genesis composition of the population showed that the significance of international migration is especially great for the Arctic territories in Western Siberia. The authors identified changes in the migration mobility of the population under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. An analysis of the age and sex composition of migrants and the main migration flows showed that by the end of 2020, the intensity of international migration in the Russian Arctic decreased insignificantly, and in the most remote parts it even increased. Municipal statistics made it possible to identify the most attractive destinations for international migration before and during the pandemic. In 2021, a larger decline in international migratory mobility can be expected. The results obtained can be used to conduct socio-demographic policy and build demographic forecasts for the Arctic territories. Future research should focus on examining the long-term effects of the pandemic on international migration.","PeriodicalId":427586,"journal":{"name":"DEMIS. Demographic Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131023014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Expedition of Researchers from the IDR FCTAS RAS to Study Migration in the Northwestern Section of the Russian Border","authors":"S. Alkhasov, N. Ryazantsev","doi":"10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"The North-West of the Russian Federation borders on a number of European states, in particular, Poland, Finland and the Baltic countries. The economic and geographical position of the macroregion provides for a vast potential for development, however, in practice, quite unfavorable socioeconomic and demographic trends are observed in a number of places in the Russian North-West. In order to gain empirical experience that reinforces, develops and generalizes theoretical ideas, scientists from the Institute for Demographic Research (IDR) of the FCTAS RAS visited the Kaliningrad Region in 2021.","PeriodicalId":427586,"journal":{"name":"DEMIS. Demographic Research","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115238560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which Matters More for Migration: Evidence from Russian Regions’ Data","authors":"K. Sugonyaev","doi":"10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Many researchers of migration in Russia note deficiency of the works directed on modeling of migratory processes taking place in the country. This article is devoted to an assessment of impact power of socio-economic factors on interregional migration in Russia and to its comparison to recently found influence on this process of psychological characteristics of the accepting region population. As the aggregated at regional level estimates of intelligence, personal traits and characteristics of response style were calculated on the basis of results of online testing over 200 thousand respondents in 2012–19, indicators of socio-economic development of regions (n=16) are computed by averaging for the same time interval; the source of data - the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics (reference yearbooks “Regions of Russia” and the Uniform Interagency Information and Statistical System). In the analysis data of 78 subjects of the Russian Federation are included, but after association of capital agglomerations the number of regions was reduced to 76. It is established that the majority of the socio-economic indexes included in the analysis shows significant correlations with regional net migration coefficients. In general, the revealed pattern of correlations is agreed with results of other authors received on data of earlier periods of the analysis. Regression of net migration coefficients on socio-economic variables allowed calculating series of linear multifactor models. Best of these models accounted for about 44 % of a dependent variable variance. Earlier it was shown that the models calculated on the basis of limited number of aggregated psychological characteristics of the accepting region have the same level of accuracy. Moreover, addition of psychological variables to the best models based on socio-economic indexes provides essential increase of accuracy of prediction of regional net migration: the share of variance accounted for increases from 44 to 55–57 %. It is supposed that taking into account of psychological variables of the accepting region will create premises for more effective management of migratory processes.","PeriodicalId":427586,"journal":{"name":"DEMIS. Demographic Research","volume":"03 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129767045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian Regions in Interregional Labor Migration: Level of Participation, Causes and Factors","authors":"Guldar Аkhmetova (Khilazheva)","doi":"10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes statistical and sociological data on the level of participation of the subjects of the Russian Federation in interregional labor migration, its causes and factors. In the first part of the article, based on data from the Rosstat labor force survey for more than a decade (from 2011 to 2021), regional features are identified. It is shown that not all regions fit into the all-Russian trend, which is characterized by progressive growth until 2018 (with the exception of 2014); a decline in 2019, 2020 and a certain growth in 2021, which did not reach the level of 2018. The dynamics of the indicators of the last two years have been strongly influenced by the situation with the coronavirus pandemic. At the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the participation of the employed population in interregional labor migration is unstable and differentiated. In most regions, approximately every two to four years, periods of growth in the number of temporary labor migrants are replaced by their decline. About a third of the regions have high (more than 10%) and average (from 5 to 10%) levels of participation of the employed population in interregional labor migration. From these regions, the majority of all temporary labor migrants – about 70% - leave for other subjects of the Russian Federation. In the second part of the article, the author analyzes the data of sociological studies conducted in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2018, 2019. Bashkortostan belongs to the regions with a relatively stable upward dynamics of population participation in interregional labor migration and leads (after the Moscow and Leningrad regions) in the absolute number of interregional labor migrants. According to sociological data, the highest level of participation in temporary labor migration of rural residents. Based on the methodology proposed by L.L. The author identifies the factors and causes of interregional labor migration. The first include the state of the labor market, employment; income level; the level and quality of life of the population; the second – lack of jobs, low wages, limited opportunities to meet the needs in the field of social development. Employment and income, according to the author, are the key factors of temporary labor migration, which is indirectly confirmed by the results of other studies in the Republic of Bashkortostan, according to which shift migrants have a high level of dissatisfaction with these areas of life. These problems are most acute in rural areas, which causes a relatively high level of participation in temporary labor migration of rural residents.","PeriodicalId":427586,"journal":{"name":"DEMIS. Demographic Research","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123074331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measures to Support the Population in the Republic of Uzbekistan during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Muattara Rakhimova, S. Ryazantsev","doi":"10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the main directions of the Concept of the state migration policy of the Republic of Belarus. The concept contains the following main directions: directions of influence on external migration, directions of influence on internal migration. To implement these areas, the author has developed programs: the program “Diaspora”, the program “Gathering the Nation”, the program “Ideological Association of Emigrants”, the program “Formation of a Favorable Image of Belarus”, the program “Science and Entrepreneurship”, the program “Entrepreneur in the village / district center”. For the argumentation and validity of the proposed proposals, the author carried out a comprehensive analysis. An overview of the migration situation in the country is made. The legal regulation of migration processes is analyzed. A review of the migration situation in the Republic of Belarus has been carried out over the past twenty years. The article provides general information about the change in the population of the country. The continuing situation of natural population loss is noted. External migration has been assessed. It was found that during the entire study period, a positive migration balance was maintained. The coefficient of intensity of international migration was calculated, its average value was 2.92 ppm. Analyzed external migration flows by directions. It was revealed that the main migration exchange in the Republic of Belarus took place with the CIS countries; significantly less intensive migration exchange with non-CIS countries. The intra-republican migration of the population is also investigated. It has been established that it occupies a dominant position in the migration processes of the country as a whole. The coefficient of intensity of intra-republican migration is calculated. The results of the calculation showed an increase in this indicator by 1.4 times in 2019 compared to 2000. Internal migration flows were analyzed by direction and between territorial units. It is concluded that intra-republican migration has a centripetal character. The legal regulation of migration processes in the Republic of Belarus has been studied.","PeriodicalId":427586,"journal":{"name":"DEMIS. Demographic Research","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125645811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pandemic in Brazil: Effects on Migration Process","authors":"Maria Teresa Toríbio Brittes Lemos, Alexis Toribio Dantas","doi":"10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid increase in the number of victims of COVID-19 brought panic, fears, frustrations and social hatreds were decoded into persecution, strengthen prejudice, discrimination, exclusions and xenophobia which affected the migration process. We conclude that, although immigrants in Brazil have access to public schools, medical services and support for government grants, not all of them can, due to the lack of up-to-date documentation and support from consulate services, most of them were paralyzed during the pandemic. Regarding vaccination there was no problem, immigrants have the same rights as the other citizens of the country, but a large number, still refractory, do not believe in the effects of the vaccine and resort to their traditions, in addition to negationism, like some others Brazilian citizens.","PeriodicalId":427586,"journal":{"name":"DEMIS. Demographic Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129115321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emigration from Guinea and the Contribution of the Guinean Diaspora to the Socio-Economic Development of the Country","authors":"S. Ryazantsev, Safiatou Camara","doi":"10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the trends of emigration from Guinea, which is one of the poorest countries in the world. The purpose of this study was to identify the contribution of the Guinean diaspora to the socio-economic development of the country. The article identifies the factors and main directions of emigration from Guinea, analyzes the current situation of the Guinean diaspora in the host countries, assesses the impact of emigration and diasporas on the demographic and socio-economic situation in Guinea, and also offers recommendations for managing migration and interacting with the diaspora for development. The study is based on the analysis of statistical data from international and foreign organizations, and also analyzes the results of sociological surveys conducted among various categories of Guinean migrants. Emigration from Guinea has a long history and is quite diverse in terms of factors and trends. Guinea's location in the ECOWAS zone plays a decisive role in the formation of emigration. But gradually emigration diversifies and reorients itself towards Europe and North America. Also, oil-producing countries of the Maghreb and the Middle East have become new directions for the emigration of Guineans over the past five years. Emigration flows from Guinea are distinguished by a high proportion of young people who see emigration as a means of socio-economic mobility and a way to implement life plans and strategies. The involvement of women in the flows of emigrants is increasing, primarily in the European direction. Unfortunately, the share of illegal emigrants from Guinea to European countries in the total emigration flow is increasing, primarily in the Italian direction. A significant differentiation of the educational level of emigrants was revealed depending on the channels and goals of migration, as well as the geography of emigration. Remittances and investments from the diaspora take place, but do not yet play a decisive role in the socio-economic development of the country. Rather, remittances represent a hidden and underutilized development potential of a country.","PeriodicalId":427586,"journal":{"name":"DEMIS. Demographic Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128325081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational Emigration of Kazakhstani Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social impacts and Challenges","authors":"Bibinaz Almanova, L. Delovarova","doi":"10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to analyze the educational emigration of Kazakhstani youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. International educational migration is the current global tendency, which has been attracting hundreds of Kazakhstani youth year by year to migrate in pursuit of higher education. In the history of migration studies, student migration has always been a centralized topic to discuss in accordance with the national and international report statistics. In the context of globalization, young adults are being more passionate and enthusiastic about studying abroad. However, the COVID-19 outbreak has caused dramatic issues on student’s education mobility from Kazakhstan as well. Meanwhile, there are key challenges as for young people to care about is their health following the rules of lockdown and keeping social distance have created another social effect. As international movement from the country has stopped a strategic approach on how to continue the process of students’ flow on educational programs enrollment has declined, in some cases submissions been postponed for a year or two. Consequently, it would have caused changes on the motivation and emotional expectations of future student migrants. Evaluating the current dynamics of the student emigration, the government of Kazakhstan needs thoroughly to consider about concepts on how to regulate the outflow. In its turn, the pandemic has emerged an alternative such as online education that would possibly cover the purpose of educational emigrants.","PeriodicalId":427586,"journal":{"name":"DEMIS. Demographic Research","volume":"8 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125898753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}