Uniform Law Review最新文献

{"title":"The requirement of ‘power to dispose’ in the Cape Town Convention and its protocols","authors":"S. Saidova","doi":"10.1093/ulr/unac021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unac021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The concept of an ‘international interest’ is central to the Cape Town Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment. Once an international interest is created, it can be registered in the International Registry, established under the Convention, in which case it will be given priority over competing interests and enforced if the debtor defaults. One of the essential requirements for the constitution of an international interest is that a chargor, conditional seller, and lessor must have the ‘power to dispose’ of the interest held by them in the object. This article evaluates the basis and meaning of the power to dispose requirement under the Convention. It argues that power to dispose (where it arises without the right to dispose) is a matter governed by the Convention and constructs and proposes an internationally uniform concept of power to dispose under the Convention, autonomous from national law.","PeriodicalId":42756,"journal":{"name":"Uniform Law Review","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87746522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal reasoning and Latin America’s economic development","authors":"B. Kozolchyk","doi":"10.1093/ulr/unac017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unac017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article discusses how a method of legal reasoning employed first by French and Spanish legislators and judges and, subsequently, by their Latin American successors hindered the economic development of their respective countries.1 It suggests that significant economic development would be possible if legislators helped enact honest, reasonable, and fair versions of successful market practices in a manner consistent with their nations’ or regions’ developmental goals.2 It further suggests that Latin American judges can contribute to the attainment of such goals by adopting a method of reasoning that differs from their present method. The proposed method requires that in disputes caused by the disabling effects of obsolete statutory, case, or customary law on promising new customs and practices, the judge acts as a quasi-legislator. In that capacity, he should carefully consider not only the pivotal facts of the dispute and the applicable law but also his nation’s socio-economic conditions and economic development goals. Then, by placing himself in the archetypal position of a reasonable merchant, always having in mind the interest of his contractual and third-party ‘others’, the judge’s decision should enable Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.’s ‘prophecies’ of what courts will decide in future cases with similar facts and legal issues.3 Thus, he will also be heeding the advice of the distinguished Mexican legal philosopher Eduardo García Máynez, who urged judges to fill the inevitable obsolete and unfair normative gaps with equitable judicial ‘individual’ norms.4 Finally, in updating practices and correcting injustices, the judges’ methods of reasoning should be guided by a broad definition of good faith adopted by 19th-century German Civil and Commercial Codes as well as by the 20th-century US Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), as will be discussed throughout this article. In essence, it requires that legislators and judges take into account the honesty, reasonableness, and fairness of the new practice before it becomes a binding norm.","PeriodicalId":42756,"journal":{"name":"Uniform Law Review","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79121513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reform of the secured transactions law in Japan: the form and function tested against the global standard","authors":"S. Kozuka, Noriyuki Aoki","doi":"10.1093/ulr/unac013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unac013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Since 2021, the reform of the secured transactions law is officially tabled before the Legislative Council of Japan. Prior to this official deliberation, three preparatory study groups, each sponsored by the Ministry of Justice, Small and Medium Enterprise Agency and Financial Services Agency, discussed the agenda. With differences in the details, these three groups have proposed introducing the new approach to secured transactions, namely enabling the creation of security interests in all the debtor’s assets without specifying each piece of asset included. These arguments indicate that the modern principles of secured transactions that have emerged from the global efforts towards unification and harmonisation affect domestic law reform.","PeriodicalId":42756,"journal":{"name":"Uniform Law Review","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87996199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ODR arbitration for secured transactions in Colombia","authors":"Nicolás Lozada, Diana Talero","doi":"10.1093/ulr/unac018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unac018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The overall view of the registration and enforcement of secured transactions in Colombia has evolved since the national government adopted the electronic arbitration model rules. This kind of arbitration has facilitated the enforcement of secured transactions without resorting to ordinary courts, saving costs and time in enforcement proceedings. This article explains the step-by-step process that the Colombian government had to go through to create and implement an online dispute resolution system dedicated to secured transactions. The article gives an account of the international standards and models that provide the general guide to create a secured transactions system, along with explaining the Colombian regulatory framework that allowed the creation of the secured transactions system, and ending with the enforcement strategies of online arbitration in Colombian secured transactions.","PeriodicalId":42756,"journal":{"name":"Uniform Law Review","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75066221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The overlooked building blocks of secured transactions law reforms: policing and the role of organized industries","authors":"T. Tajti","doi":"10.1093/ulr/unac016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unac016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Two interlinked building blocks of secured transactions law have often been overlooked during the most recent round of secured transactions law reforms: the role of policing (monitoring) of the debtor and its affairs, and the role of institutionalized industries in the efficient working of secured transactions systems. Policing is often ignored because Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)—the top global benchmark—made policing optional by discarding the ‘Benedict rule’, which had conditioned the validity of liens upon the secured creditor’s strict monitoring the debtor’s affairs. This shift was perceived as a positive development because it made the recognition of the most comprehensive security device—the floating (blanket) lien—possible. However, what many sources overlook is that parallel with this volte face, the risks corollary to the failure to monitor were transferred entirely onto secured creditors (banks and other financiers). In the USA, professional industries offering policing services were developed prior to the promulgation of the UCC, thanks precisely to the 1925 Benedict v Ratner case from whence the Benedict rule was derived. Moreover, these policing practices—the so-called ‘Benedict ritual’—had already become customary in the industries that were reliant on secure transactions law. This ‘know-how’ and the act of professional industries implementing it simply do not exist in many recipient reform countries. Similar to policing, equally disregarded is that the success of US secured transaction law is fundamentally attributable to the existence of ‘non-banking financial organizations’ specialized in various financing practices that exploit this branch of law, from the industries specializing in independent equipment leasing to those engaged in receivables financing. In contrast, the financial systems of countries interested in implementing major reforms tend to be dominated by conservative universal banks with limited capabilities. This article aims to cast a closer light on these neglected yet pivotal corollaries of secured transactions law.","PeriodicalId":42756,"journal":{"name":"Uniform Law Review","volume":"109 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80395896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uniform secured transactions law: the Model Inter-American Law and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Secured Transactions compared","authors":"Spyridon V. Bazinas","doi":"10.1093/ulr/unac015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unac015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In an effort to assist in the better understanding and implementation of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Secured Transactions (including its provisions on the registration of notices with respect to security interests) and the Model Inter-American Law on Secured Transactions with the Model Inter-American Registry Regulations, this article compares and briefly explains their key provisions.","PeriodicalId":42756,"journal":{"name":"Uniform Law Review","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79381297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enforcement of security rights over seagoing ships, aircraft, and trains in international treaties","authors":"Thomas Keijser, Feben van der Linden van Sprankhuizen","doi":"10.1093/ulr/unac019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unac019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article focuses on the enforcement of security rights over seagoing ships, aircraft, and trains in several international treaties. It contains a largely chronological overview of the relevant international instruments and their scope of application. In addition, this contribution addresses both the conflict-of-laws provisions and the substantive law provisions on the enforcement remedies at the secured creditor's disposal, including procedural aspects of enforcement such as notice requirements, the conditions for a purchaser to obtain ‘clean title’, and de- and reregistration. The comparison of existing rules offers insights for further alignment of the international legal framework for the enforcement of security rights over seagoing ships, aircraft, and trains.","PeriodicalId":42756,"journal":{"name":"Uniform Law Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89634959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La sécurité sur les marchés financiers de l’espace OHADA","authors":"Salifou Mouhouain","doi":"10.1093/ulr/unac010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unac010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The growth of the Member States of OHADA would be difficult if security was not a guiding principle in their financial markets. And so, the CEMAC and UEMOA authorities have taken measures to prevent and address the risks of financial market transactions, namely abuse and default. Thus, on the preventive side, controls are instituted to prevent abuses as well as a guarantee of the default. On the curative side, proceedings and indemnities are provided in case of abuse and, outcome of position and compensation for the victims to provide a guarantee against default.","PeriodicalId":42756,"journal":{"name":"Uniform Law Review","volume":"43 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72411077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OAS Model Law and UNCITRAL Model Law: a Chilean view","authors":"Sergio Cortés Beltrán","doi":"10.1093/ulr/unac022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unac022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article provides an analysis of the OAS Model Law and the UNCITRAL Model Law on security interest and its impact on Chile. It analyses also the historical evolution of the Pledge Act and the incorporation of the OAS and UNCITRAL Model Law in Chile.","PeriodicalId":42756,"journal":{"name":"Uniform Law Review","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83797397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’appréciation du risque de confusion à l’épreuve du principe de la territorialité des droits de propriété industrielle dans l’espace OAPI","authors":"I. Bello","doi":"10.1093/ulr/unac026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unac026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 La délimitation du cadre géographique dans lequel le risque de confusion s’apprécie est consubstantielle de la protection des droits querellés dans ledit cadre. C’est l’application du principe de la territorialité des droits qui veut qu’un droit n’est garanti que dans les limites du territoire du pays dans lequel la protection a été acquise. Dès lors, il était récurrent que des personnes exploitant des marques se trouvent démunies de tout argument dans les pays où celles – ci avaient été abusivement déposées. L’application difficultueuse de ce principe a donné l’occasion à une doctrine relativement majoritaire d’envisager la consécration d’un autre principe à savoir celui de l’universalité. Cette règle suggère que, l’acquisition de droits sur la marque, par voie de dépôt ou d’usage dans un pays donné interdit à un tiers de s’approprier une telle marque dans le pays appliquant ce principe. Cette théorie a un inconvénient majeur qui réside dans la difficulté pratique d’effectuer les recherches internationales avant tout dépôt de marques. Acquis sous une législation consacrant l’universalité, le droit de propriété sur la marque souffrait donc d’une certaine fragilité. La solution semble avoir été trouvée en droit communautaire par la consécration de la supranationalité des droits de propriété industrielle. Cette consécration quoique très controversée a été réalisé en droit OAPI car on observe une survivance des titres nationaux à cotés desquels les droits nationaux demeurent valides. Sur ce point nous préconisons l’application du principe de la supranationalité selon le modèle de l’Union Européenne au sein de laquelle un droit est protégé indifféremment de l’Etat de l’Union dans lequel il a été acquis. Ce qui permet d’appréhender efficacement tout risque de confusion. Le juge camerounais, quant à lui, a déjà amorcé ce revirement dans une décision qui, nous l’espérons ne restera pas sans échos.","PeriodicalId":42756,"journal":{"name":"Uniform Law Review","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90760648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}