Journal of Advanced Academic Research最新文献

{"title":"Experiences of Sexual Harassment among Nurses in a Tertiary Hospital","authors":"A. Pandey, L. Rai, D. Acharya, B. K. Dangol","doi":"10.3126/jaar.v9i1.44041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v9i1.44041","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sexual harassment among nurses is a major issue of work place, health and safety that seriously affects patient care. It is more common among nurses. The aim of this study was to identify experiences of sexual harassment among nurses in a tertiary hospital. \u0000Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to find out the experience of sexual harassment among nurses. Two hundred and twenty-three, nurses working in a tertiary hospital were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through structured, self-administered questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Review Committee Institute of Medicine Kathmandu. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (version 16) \u0000Results: The mean age of the nurses was 29.6 (SD ± 7.4) years and 57.0% were married.  Most of the nurses (85.2%) performed as roster basis in all shifts (rotation; morning, evening and night) duty and 15.2% of the nurses were from emergency ward. Median duration of work experience was 4.17 years (range= 6months to 31 years). Total 18.5% nurses had experienced some kinds of sexual harassment in their workplace. More than half (53.8%) each were harassed by doctors and visitors; 46.2% of the nurses were harassed in emergency/ general ward/ operation theatre; 30.8% were harassed at bed side; 38.5% were harassed in the evening shift and 66.7% were harassed when they are working alone. Likewise, 28.2% reported the incident of sexual harassment; 90.9% reported verbally and 89.7% suggested that hospital need to develop policy against sexual harassment. Nurses with night shift duty (100.0%), PCL/ B. Sc level of education (20.0%), unmarried (21.8%), staff nurse (201.7%), slim body (21.3%), fierce nature (33.3%) and beautiful looks (29.8%) were more frequently victimized but that was not statistically significant. \u0000Conclusions: Workplace sexual harassment is frequent among nurses working at tertiary hospital. However, reporting rate is very low due to fear of negative consequences and lack of knowledge about how and where to report. Proper policy, law and reporting mechanism should be developed to combat sexual harassment among nurses.","PeriodicalId":427566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Academic Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129769844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOAR as an Effective Community-based Response in Anti-Trafficking Movements","authors":"Rita Dhungel","doi":"10.3126/jaar.v9i1.44039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v9i1.44039","url":null,"abstract":"Grounded in the narratives of women from rural communities who were forced to migrate to Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, and later India, this paper critically examines the meaningful involvement of trafficking survivors for sexual exploitation in anti-trafficking movement in Nepal. Using the SOAR (Stop, Observe, Ask, and Respond) model, this paper explores the community-based responses to address the issues of human trafficking and post-trafficking. This paper is guided by migratory and intersectionality frameworks. Using the frameworks, Participatory Action Research (PAR), a transformative and an empowerment methodology, was conducted with eight female trafficking survivors who were exploited for sexual exploitation. PAR was used to critically understand intersectional gender oppression   escalated the vulnerability of women to trafficking and made the women “doubly victimized” in their post trafficking.  Through engaging in the study process, PAR allowed survivors to critically understand their own oppression and develop strategies to effectively act towards ending forced migration and trafficking. Using a thematic analysis, the collected information was categorized, and coded. The research team included the researcher and the trafficking survivors, who are recognized as “co-researchers” in this paper, identified and used a wide range of pragmatic approaches and tools such as street dramas, interactive sessions, peer interviews and meetings with political leaders. These approaches provided the survivors with an opportunity not only to share their voices and experiences on migration and trafficking, but also to highlight transformative impacts, including personal and social transformation.","PeriodicalId":427566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Academic Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123096599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative Importance of Risks in Hydropower Projects and Project Finance in Nepal","authors":"Achyut Nepal, V. Khanal, Ruhanita Maelah","doi":"10.3126/jaar.v8i1.38409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v8i1.38409","url":null,"abstract":"Hydropower is the sole internal source of electricity in Nepal. Since the government policy of private participation in hydropower sector launched, Independent Power Producers (IPPs) have gained significant presence under Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model of infrastructure development.  Risk management is crucial in PPP projects as mishandling of any risk threatens sustainability and may result in project failure. This study analyses four major risks including Hydropower Sector Specific Risks, Project Finance Specific Risks, Hydropower Project Financing Risks and Country Specific Political and Legal Risks. Self-administrative survey utilizing questionnaire was conducted among the IPPs and domestic Banking and Financial Institutions (BFIs). Relative Importance Indices have been used to determine the importance of each risk item. Exchange rate changes, currency mismatch between local revenue and foreign loan, cost and time overrun, inflation, political turmoil and highly volatile political environment are few of the most critical risks found. For Project Finance proper allocation of risks among the stakeholders is crucial to make the projects bankable. Findings from this study indicate no risk should be neglected and relative importance of risks is critical in allocating risks among stakeholders. This study highlights assessment and the use of RII in the process of allocation and management of risks in infrastructure projects in general and hydropower in particular.","PeriodicalId":427566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Academic Research","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115230201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of Respondents on Factors Affecting Management of Nursing Education Institutes","authors":"B. K. Dangol, N. Thapa","doi":"10.3126/jaar.v8i1.38416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v8i1.38416","url":null,"abstract":"Management in education institute entails working with and through teachers, non teaching staff and students to get things done effectively. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to find out the management of nursing education institutes in selected colleges at Kathmandu valley.  Data was collected in 2019 from 14 colleges. Sample size was 620, including 14 administrators, 229 faculties and 377 bachelor level final year nursing students. Ethical approval was taken from Nepal health research council. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collecting data and analysis was done in SPSS version 16.Keys factors were identified that may affect the management of nursing education institutes (NEI). All most all administrators agreed in all indicators. But there was different opinion on faculties and students.  Highest percent of faculties disagreed on visions, mission, staffs understood (70%), class schedule, clinical supervision and students’ teacher ratio, nursing leadership (17%) and resource availability. Fifteen percent students disagreed in functioning alumni, library facility, strategic plan and function of executive committee (36.1%), use of operation plan, lesson plan (22.3%), class schedule (16.4%), and facility of skill laboratory (9.1%), clinical supervision (27.6%) and proper students’ teacher ratio (36.3%). In quality assurance system majority of the facilities disagreed and all most all students undecided. Analysis of variations between group (administrators, faculties, students) found statistical significance (p-value <0.05). So it is concluded the perception of students, faculties and administrator were found different on management of the nursing education institutes.","PeriodicalId":427566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Academic Research","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131096876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Assessment of ACCESS Auditor’s Manual and ISO 9001:2015 Standards in the Perspective of Training on ISO 9001 to Cooperative Staff and Board Members","authors":"Tatwa P Timsina","doi":"10.3126/jaar.v8i1.38424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v8i1.38424","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperatives are people-centred enterprises owned, controlled and run by and for their members to realise their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations. For the proper functioning of the cooperative, various tools such as ACCESS are used. ISO 9001 and similar standards are used for the proper management of the particular organisation. Both the approaches follow different sets of criteria to assess the level of organisation, but there are many similarities between them. They have focused on achieving sustainability and prosperity of the organisation by implementing such criteria in the organisation. This article has aimed to reveal such similarities and dissimilarities and proposed the way of implementing them in a holistic way.","PeriodicalId":427566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Academic Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134053830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Care Perception of Postnatal Mother on Care during Labour in Tertiary Level Hospital, Nepal","authors":"S. Bhattarai, K. Dhakal, A. Pandey, Kanchan Gautam","doi":"10.3126/jaar.v8i1.38410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v8i1.38410","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Labour and delivery experience is one of the most significant events in a woman’s life. Support in labour has an impact on the childbirth experience and childbirth outcomes. A positive childbirth experience can help in mastering the major change in life. Therefore, the objective of this study was to find out postnatal mothers' perception on care during labour. \u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to explore the perception on care during labour of postnatal mothers in postnatal ward Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Total 294 postnatal mothers with normal delivery were selected by purposive sampling method after receiving ethical approval from research department of Institute of Medicine and concerned authority. Data was analyzed by using descriptive as well as inferential statistics. \u0000Results:  Among 294 women; 208(70.75%) were received care on infection prevention, 160(54.42%) received bladder care, 175(59.66%) received care on hydration maintenance, 149(50.57%) received care on injury prevention, 103(34.88%) care on comfort measures, 180(61.14%) care on information, 207(70.54%) care on emotional support, and 201(68.31%) care immediately after childbirth. There is significant relationship among different types of care during labour (such as emotional support (44.44%), infection prevention care (19.7%), care for bladder empty (14.5%), maintenance of hydration (17.1%), care for prevention of injury (31.9%), care on pain relieve and comfort measures (50.1%), informational care (64.5%), and care immediately after delivery (18.5%)) and overall perception on care during labour.  The perception level was based on mean score and was categorized as; below 3 is negative perception, 3 and above is positive perception. The finding of this study shows that 93(31.6%) postnatal mothers were perceived care negatively and 201(68.4%) perceived care positively during labour. It indicates that care during labour needs to be improved for best care perception. \u0000Conclusions: Women expect professional, supportive and respectful care during labour. Continuous care and support during labour has meaningful benefits for women and infants. It indicates that the care during labour need to be improved for best care perception.","PeriodicalId":427566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Academic Research","volume":"36 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132787866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Lecture and Discussion Teaching Methods in Teaching English Language through Figures of Speech","authors":"L. Sharma, R. Khanal","doi":"10.3126/JAAR.V6I1.35309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JAAR.V6I1.35309","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to identify the effectiveness of teaching methods in teaching English language through figures of speech. Thirty-one figures of speech were selected from different prose adverse lines for the study.  The study was experimental in nature and the pretest-post test control group research design was adopted among 120 bachelor third year education students from five campuses of Makawanpur District, Nepal. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the students to form the Control Group and the Experimental Group which were taught by using the lecture teaching method and the discussion teaching method respectively for thirty five days. The paired samples t test in SPSS Version 20 was used to compare Total Pretest Mean Score and Total Posttest Mean Score within groups. The overall reliability of the instruments based on the posttest scores of the students of the both groups of the pilot study was .979 and that of the research study was .968.  The pair samples t test between the Total Pretest Mean Score and the Total Posttest Mean Score of the Control Group (observed t- value=20.652, critical t- value= 2.001 and p< .05) and the Experimental Group (observed t- value= 42.907, critical t- value= 2.001 and p< .05) show that there was a statistically significant difference between the Total Pretest Mean Score and the Total Posttest Mean Score in each group. It justifies that the lecture teaching method and the discussion teaching method were effective within each group.    ","PeriodicalId":427566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Academic Research","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120951704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Household’s Healthcare Payment in Nepal: Evidence from Living Standard Survey III Data","authors":"A. Thapa, S. Singla","doi":"10.3126/jaar.v6i1.35325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v6i1.35325","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare financing has always remained an important development issue for Government of Nepal to ensure equity and availability of basic health care services for all but the largest portion of health financing is met by out of pocket payment (OOP), a private financing source of households. So this study aims to assess the situation of private healthcare financing and analyze the factors associated with it. A cross sectional descriptive cum analytical study was designed based on living standard survey data of CBS (2012), Nepal. It is a rich and country wide representative data comprising 5988 households. The study applied logistic regression to analyze the determinants of out of pocket payment. The major findings of the study shows a particular household’s mean healthcare cost was NRs. 1119 for acute illness and cost of medicine occupied the major portion of the cost. The mean OOP healthcare cost is higher for urban residents, mountain dwellers, and households belonging to province 3 and people belonging to highest wealth quintiles. The odds of household facing OOP payment increases for male headed households, larger households and households belonging to province number 2. Conversely, odds of household facing OOP decreases for households residing in urban and province number4.  The study concludes that out of pocket payment is an important source of private healthcare financing source. So there is a need to effectively implement the demand side financing programs and health insurance scheme to protect households from financial burden. ","PeriodicalId":427566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Academic Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129942185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of the Relationship between Convex Sets and Connected Sets","authors":"Khem Raj Malla","doi":"10.3126/jaar.v6i1.35311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v6i1.35311","url":null,"abstract":" The principal objective of this research article is to explore the relationship between convex sets and connected sets. All convex sets are connected but in all cases connected sets are not convex. In the Maly theorem,let X be a Banach space, and let f:X → R be a (Fr´echet-)differentiable function. Then, for any closed convex subset C of X with nonempty interior,the image Df(C) of C by the differential Df of f is a connected subset of X∗ , where X∗ stands for thetopological dual space of X.The result does not hold true if C has an empty interior. There are counterexamples even with functions f of two variables. This article concludes that convexity cannot be replaced with the connectedness of C.","PeriodicalId":427566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Academic Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116435070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prey Diversity of Common Leopard and Factors Affecting Human-Common Leopard Conflict in Community Forests of Arghakhanchi District Nepal","authors":"Ashra Kunwar, N. Koju","doi":"10.3126/jaar.v6i1.35367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v6i1.35367","url":null,"abstract":"Conflict between human and wildlife is one of the main threats to the continued survival of many species in different parts of the world, and is also a significant threat to local human populations. As human populations expand and natural habitats shrink, people and animals are increasingly coming into conflict over living space and food. People lose their crops, livestock, property, and sometimes even their lives. Initially, with the use of structured interviews and few key informant survey, 120 households were selected for questionnaire in which 25 were from victim’s family and 95 from Sandhikharka village and the city areas using both purposive and random sampling method. Key informant interviews were also taken with officers of Division forest office and active members of community forest. Similarly, to access the prey diversity, a total of 9 infrared cameras were installed. As the objective of the research, the result was obtained based on secondary and primary data with the use of structured interviews to quantify attitudes based on 5 questions with the given scores where the scores were added together. At the end, the ANOVA test was carried outwit the variances among the control variables influencing the attitude toward leopards while assessing the overall attitudes of people with those scores. The result discusses the mean attitude of illiterate people as negative (-1.03±0.14 SE) towards leopard. Also, overall mean attitude of literate people was negative (-1.19±0.17 SE). Total 6750 images were recorded during study period among them only single event of leopard was captured in the camera trap and 72 independent prey images were captured by infrared camera. Mongoose, Wild cat, Rabbit, Porcupine and barking deer were commonly recorded. Rest of photos recorded were human movement, suggesting less prey abundance and higher human activities in study area.PCA analysis regarding factors affecting leopard human conflict suggested that the distance from water source to local people, distance from toilet to home, land use change going on in the study area, scarcity of water source to wildlife inside the forest, distance to graze livestock are major factors having positive impact on human leopard conflict. ","PeriodicalId":427566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Academic Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121941339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}