Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies最新文献

{"title":"Attractiveness, Trust and Trustworthiness: An Experimental Study","authors":"K. Ch’ng","doi":"10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Trust and reciprocating trust are two vital elements in any interpersonal relation. In a situation when there is no reputational information, people have been found to rely on physical cues, such as gender, race, attractiveness, facial expression and others to deduce trustworthiness of other parties. The present paper investigated this stereotype in a trust game by incorporating facial attractiveness. What we were interested in was the impact of attractiveness on trustors’ trust on trustees and trustworthiness of the trustees. The main contribution of the paper is that it investigated the associations using a five-person trust game and allowed the trustors to evaluate the attractiveness of the trustee. The design allowed us to establish the causal association between individuals’ perception on attractiveness and transfer more directly. The results showed male trustors ranked the same female trustees higher than female trustors in terms of attractiveness, and this was translated to higher transferred amount from male trustors to the trustees. Additionally, we find male trustors transferred significantly larger amount to more attractive female trustees than less attractive trustees, but there was no such difference among female trustors. However, the kindness extended by the male trustors to the more attractive female trustees were not reciprocated by the trustees. The trustworthiness as measured by the amount transferred back by trustees was not significantly different between less and more attractive trustees. The results highlighted systematic bias in decision making when prior information about the partners was not available.","PeriodicalId":42743,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43828681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Privatisation of Toll Roads to Promote Malay Entry into Business in Malaysia: A Critical Review of Distribution Stance, Returns, Risk and Governance","authors":"R. Thillainathan","doi":"10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of the paper is on toll road privatisation. An overview of the choice of privatisation and the form it took, in promoting the entry of Malays into business, is followed by a review of other studies on privatisation in Malaysia. Given the highly confidential nature of the privatised concessions, data on ownership and likely terms have been gleaned from rating of the bonds issued, as the bond market has been the key source of infrastructure financing. From such data, the dominance of the Malay managerial class over its business class is readily evident, especially after the Asian financial crisis (AFC). The likely impact of toll road privatisation on the stance of distribution is also examined. As concessions are still awarded on a negotiated basis, the issue of rent-seeking is also explored. Uncertainty and variability in the financial performance of the concessionaires can be seen from the spread and deterioration in credit of the issuers, attesting to the greenfield nature of the projects undertaken or due to differences in gearing or in the support and subsidy enjoyed from the government. The separation in ownership and control, either due to continued ownership by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) or widely held public listed companies (PLCs), has increased the risk of expropriation by those who exercise management control.","PeriodicalId":42743,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42688341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Waste to Wealth: Identifying the Economic Impact of the Recycling Sector in Malaysia","authors":"Chakrin Utit, Anitha Rosland, M. Saari, Muhammad Daaniyall Abd Rahman","doi":"10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the economic impact of the recycling sector in Malaysia to gauge its potential for strengthening green-based economic growth in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study employs a comparative impact assessment to analyse the input-output multiplier and linkages using the national input-output tables for 2005, 2010 and 2015. Our results indicate that the recycling sector has high potential to transform waste to wealth from which its value-added multiplier is sufficiently high and is also reinforced with high spillover effects. The recycling sector is identified as a strategic sector, where approximately 70% of its products are embodied in intermediate demand. This sector conforms to circular economy practices as other sectors in the economy are utilising recyclables for remanufacturing purposes. The value-added footprint level of the recycling sector also shows an increasing trend that implies its growing importance in supporting the growth of other production sectors in the economy. At the sectoral level, most of the recyclables are utilised by the Wholesale and Retail Trade sector. Hence, our work emphasises the importance of prioritising the recycling sector in development plans, as well as improving and strengthening the backward linkages between the recycling sector with other production sectors.","PeriodicalId":42743,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45809210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology Transfer, Technological Capability, Absorptive Capacity and Firm Performance: An Investigation of the Textile and Clothing Firms in Pakistan","authors":"N. Nazeer, R. Rasiah, F. Furuoka","doi":"10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the web of technological linkages that stimulate firm performance is still evolving, especially when they differ with industry, timing and location. Generally, firms in emerging nations need technologies to build technological capabilities; however in some cases firms are limited in their capacity to acquire the technology because of their low level of absorptive capability. The rising share of resource-based textile exports, which exceeds clothing exports, demonstrate that little or no functional upgrading has taken place in the clothing and textile industry of Pakistan. Hence, using structural equation modeling we examine in this paper the mediating effect of absorptive capacity on the relationship between technological capabilities and technology transfer, and firm performance in a sample of 503 textile and clothing firms in Pakistan. The results show that, absorptive capacity mediates positively and significantly the relation between technology transfer, technological capabilities and firm performance with the former being stronger than the latter.","PeriodicalId":42743,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41725727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese CEO, Risk Taking and the Power of CEO: Empirical Evidence from Malaysian Family Firms","authors":"S. Foong, Jiunn-Shyan Khong, B. Lim","doi":"10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the risk taking behaviour of Chinese CEO. Our analysis is based on a sample of 362 family firms in Malaysia over the 2009-2015 period using panel GMM methodology. Firstly, our results offer evidence that Chinese CEOs are risk taking. We then examine how CEO power, in the context of Finkelstein’s (1992) structural power, ownership power, expert power and prestige power, might drive risk taking of Chinese CEOs. The results are rather mixed where greater ownership power is likely to promote higher risk taking but greater expert power resulted in lower risk taking. We further show that corporate governance can mitigate risk taking of Chinese CEO in family firms. When the proportions of independent directors and foreign institutional shareholdings exceed the median thresholds of 40% and 5%, respectively, we find that CEO risk taking behaviour turns from positive to negative. Stronger evidence is found when we adjust the thresholds to the 75th percentile of 50% and 15%, respectively. The result is also robust with the use of leverage as a measure for CEO risk taking.","PeriodicalId":42743,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45214647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economic Impacts of Air Safety Rating Downgrade for Malaysia","authors":"T. Sarmidi, Nurul Aishah Khairuddin, M. R. K. V. Zainuddin","doi":"10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) downgraded the Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia (CAAM) from tier one to tier two. Existing research has revealed that downgrading air safety ratings has a detrimental effect on the aviation sector. Although extensive research has been carried out on air safety downgrading, limited studies have delved into the backward and forward linkages and inter-industries framework. By employing a difference-in-differences (DID) panel data econometric and input-output (I-O) analysis to a modified sectoral aggregation of Malaysia’s I-O Table 2015, this study is able to simulate the impact of air safety downgrading. The findings show that, apart from being a “key” industry, air safety downgrades could result in a RM722.5 million loss to Malaysia’s GDP. A more in-depth inspection of the results indicates that the reduction in GDP mainly results from the air transport industry (RM252.0 million), other transportation services (RM107.0 million), and wholesale and retail trade (RM66.2 million). The findings complement earlier related studies that air safety rating downgrades could be a severe threat to sustainable economic growth.","PeriodicalId":42743,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47217426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earnings Volatility, the Use of Financial Derivatives and Earnings Management: Evidence from an Emerging Market","authors":"L. Phua, C. Lok, Yong Xia Chua, T. Lim","doi":"10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/MJES.VOL58NO1.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of crises such as Covid-19, businesses become devastated by greater risk exposure, particularly in currency exchange, supply chain disruption, and fluctuation in commodity prices that cause volatile earnings trends. Higher earnings volatility is frequently associated with greater risk. Consequently, firms could be inspired to engage in earnings management or derivative use as attempts to mitigate earnings volatility. Using a sample of 169 of the largest non-financial firms with 507 firm-years observations from an emerging market, the researchers examined the relationship among derivative use, earnings volatility, and earnings management. The results of a panel regression analysis showed that derivative use by Malaysian public listed companies was positively connected with earnings volatility, inferring that the use of derivatives did not mitigate earnings volatility as intended. This study also found that both earnings volatility and derivative use have a positive relationship with earnings management. This implies that firms engage in earnings management to curb earnings volatility under circumstances where derivative use is associated with higher earnings volatility. Evidence derived from this study contributes to extant literature on financial risk management involving financial instruments, an area that is very much understudied in the contexts of emerging markets.","PeriodicalId":42743,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46373808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indicators of Tax Authority Monitoring: Firm Characteristics, Tax Avoidance and Reinvestment Allowance Utilisation","authors":"Fairus Halizam A. Hamzah, N. Hamid, Siti Noorhayati Mohamed Zawawi, Rohayu Yusup, N. Azali","doi":"10.22452/mjes.vol57no2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjes.vol57no2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) provides a monitoring mechanism of corporate governance through tax audits. However, indicators associated with the tax authority monitoring system remain underexplored due to data confidentiality. This study aims to examine the indicators used by the tax authority in performing tax monitoring where the tax return data of firms that claim reinvestment allowance (RA) were employed alongside the historical audit data of corporate taxpayers of both a tax-monitored firm and an unmonitored tax firm. The results of the analysis reported that the tax authority monitoring system is closely associated with fundamental details disclosed in the tax return namely, assessment year, profitability, scale of operation, firm directorship, tax consultancy and industry type. In contrast, the incidents of tax avoidance and incentive utilisation indicators were not prominent in tax authority monitoring. The investigation of firms that experienced tax monitoring provides insight into indicators which interest tax authorities when it comes to a firm’s tax audit. This research revealed new evidence on IBRM preferred indicators in conducting tax monitoring.","PeriodicalId":42743,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45641118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation, Supervision and Social and Financial Efficiency of Microfinance Institutions in ASEAN-5 Countries","authors":"Nurazilah Zainal, Fakarudin Kamarudin, S. Law, M. Bakri, F. Sufian, A. Nassir","doi":"10.22452/mjes.vol57no2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjes.vol57no2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study delivers new empirical evidence on the impact of banking regulations on the levels of social and financial efficiency of microfinance institutions (MFIs) between the years 2012 to 2018. The sample consisted of data from 172 MFIs from ASEAN-5 countries. As the first stage of the analysis, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was employed to determine a score of the level of social and financial efficiency for the sampled MFIs. Meanwhile, panel regression analysis and the Generalized a Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Campus Seremban 3, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. Email: nuraz3169@uitm.edu.my (Corresponding author) b School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Email: fakarudin@upm.edu.my c School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Email: lawsh@upm.edu.my d Faculty of Technology Management and Technopreneur, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia, Jalan Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka. Email: hariri@utem.edu.my e Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Campus Puncak Alam, 42300 Kuala Selangor, Selangor. Email: fadzlansufian@uitm.edu.my f School of Economics and Management, Xiamen University Malaysia Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor. Email: annuar.nassir@xmu.edu.my * The authors would like to thank the editors and the anonymous referees of the journal for their constructive comments and suggestions, which have significantly helped to improve the paper. Furthermore, special thanks to: 1) Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) Project Code: 600IRMI/FRGS 5/3 (141/2019) sponsored by Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education; 2) Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia; and 3) Universiti Putra Malaysia Grant IPS Vot No. 9651500 sponsored by Universiti Putra Malaysia as organisations that funded our research. The usual caveats apply. Article Info: Received 26 July 2019; Revised 31 May 2020; Accepted 29 September 2020 https://doi.org/10.22452/MJES.vol57no2.5","PeriodicalId":42743,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43043359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bank Performance and the Relationship between Lending and Fee-based Activities in an Emerging Market","authors":"Van Dan Dang","doi":"10.22452/mjes.vol57no2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/mjes.vol57no2.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42743,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42314560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}