PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)最新文献_第8页

Next Generation of Export Restrictions: An Emergence of Raw Materials II Dispute? 下一代出口限制:原材料之争的出现?

PSN: Trade Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-10-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3048621

Bayar Purevdorj

{"title":"Next Generation of Export Restrictions: An Emergence of Raw Materials II Dispute?","authors":"Bayar Purevdorj","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3048621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3048621","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of export restrictions on natural resources in a last decade has gained prominence in the international trade debate and has deepened an already existing wide divide between the North and the South in the context of the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources versus the beggar-thy-neighbor policy. Nevertheless, there is a conventional wisdom that the WTO disciplines dealing with export restrictions are weak. Some new WTO members, such as China, Mongolia, and Ukraine, were required, during their accession negotiations, to commit themselves to stricter rules, so called ‘WTO-plus’, by agreeing to phase out their export duties or to limit them to a designated number of tariff lines. Due to this additional legal uncertainties, the field of international trade law faces a greater challenges. However, until the China-Raw material I case the extent to which this would restrict their actual policy practices in this field had never been tested. In this regard, China-Raw materials and China-Rare earths, as defining case laws in this field, allow us to understand the legal boundaries of export restrictions under WTO law and determine the inconsistencies and gaps in the WTO law. This article evaluates the factual and evidentiary issues China may face in the emerging China-Raw Materials II dispute, in light of previous two cases, and identifies potential challenges that will impair China’s ability to prevail in Raw Materials II.","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122578623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global Value Chains and the Missing Exports of the United States 全球价值链与美国缺失的出口

PSN: Trade Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-10-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3051526

Yuqing Xing

{"title":"Global Value Chains and the Missing Exports of the United States","authors":"Yuqing Xing","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3051526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3051526","url":null,"abstract":"More and more American multinational corporations (MNCs) are outsourcing the production and assembly of their products to foreign companies. When they do so, they derive the largest share of their revenue from the intellectual property embedded in core technological innovation and brand names. However, conventional trade statistics are compiled based on the value of goods crossing national borders, as declared to customs. Generally, the value added associated with intellectual property rights and embedded in physical goods is not recorded as either export or import of any country. Hence, current trade statistics greatly underestimate US exports and substantially exaggerate its trade deficit. In this paper, we use the case of Apple, the largest American consumer products company, to illustrate the failure of conventional trade statistics to report actual US export capacity in the age of global value chains. According to our analysis of this case, if the value added of Apple intellectual property sold to foreign consumers were counted as part of US exports, total US exports would increase by 3.7%, and its trade deficit would decrease by 7.5%. In terms of bilateral trade, the value added under examination here would lower the US trade deficit with the Greater China region by 6.7% and that with Japan by 9.1%.","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128219793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Access to Trade Justice: Fixing NAFTA's Flawed Dispute Settlement Process 获得贸易公正:修正北美自由贸易协定有缺陷的争端解决程序

PSN: Trade Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-10-04 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3047876

S. Lester, Inu Manak, Andrej Arpas

引用次数: 0

Dynamic Trade, Endogenous Institutions and the Colonization of Hong Kong: A Staged Development Framework 动态贸易、内生制度与香港殖民化:分阶段发展框架

PSN: Trade Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-10-01 DOI: 10.3386/w23937

T. T. Cheung, T. Palivos, Ping Wang, Yin-Chi Wang, C. Yip

{"title":"Dynamic Trade, Endogenous Institutions and the Colonization of Hong Kong: A Staged Development Framework","authors":"T. T. Cheung, T. Palivos, Ping Wang, Yin-Chi Wang, C. Yip","doi":"10.3386/w23937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23937","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the interplays between trade and institutions, we construct a staged development framework with multi-period discrete choices to study the colonization of Hong Kong, which served to facilitate the trade of several agricultural and manufactured products, including opium, between Britain and China. Based on the historical data and documents that we collected from limited sources, we design our dynamic trade model to capture several key features of the colonization process and use it to characterize the endogenous transition from the pre-Opium War era, to the post-Opium War era and then to the post-opium trade era, which span the period 1773-1933. We show that while the low opium trading cost and the high warfare cost initially postponed any military action, the high valuation of the total volume of bilateral trade, the rising opium trading cost and the anticipated increase in the demand for opium eventually led the British government to declare the Opium Wars, legalizing opium trade via the colonial Hong Kong. We also show that, in response to a drastic drop in opium demand and a rising opium trading cost, it became optimal for the British government to abandon opium trade soon after the founding of the Republic of China.","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126805789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Case for Free Trade – No ‘Ifs’ or ‘Buts’ 自由贸易的理由——没有“如果”或“但是”

PSN: Trade Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-09-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3853715

J. Jessop

引用次数: 0

Challenges of Exporting Nigerian Textile 尼日利亚纺织品出口面临的挑战

PSN: Trade Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-09-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3042706

Kamar Alimi, M. Ahmed

{"title":"Challenges of Exporting Nigerian Textile","authors":"Kamar Alimi, M. Ahmed","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3042706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3042706","url":null,"abstract":"Availability of the major cost factors like raw materials and labor gives Nigeria a competitive edge to diversify and empower its economy as a major exporter of textiles. Despite its relevance to an industry that can deliver growing total exports, textiles do not form a major export category from Nigeria; rather, the industry which enjoyed an initial boom in the 1980s battles stagnation currently. This paper draws upon this premise to review the existing literature; it objects to investigate the challenges that plague the viability of the industry, by adopting an art historical method based on archival records, print, and electronic media. Findings reveal that domestic factors like depreciation of the Naira, inflation and high cost of financing ominously raise the cost of imported inputs, and affect the growth of the industry. Others like higher tariff levels compared to other traditional manufacturers and the average level of protection in the sector being higher than the overall average protection applied to trade in manufacturing pose as major export barriers. The study submits that to overcome the major challenges of exports, Nigeria has to develop a sequential strategy of boosting domestic sales, improve economies of scale and achieve a final price reduction for textiles to begin to gain some ground in global market share.","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129540591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Protectionism, Sanctions and EU Disintegration: Challenges for Baltic Trade 新保护主义、制裁和欧盟解体:波罗的海贸易面临的挑战

PSN: Trade Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-09-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3102127

C. Laaser, Klaus Schrader

{"title":"New Protectionism, Sanctions and EU Disintegration: Challenges for Baltic Trade","authors":"C. Laaser, Klaus Schrader","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3102127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3102127","url":null,"abstract":"Against the backdrop of the Estonian Presidency of the Council of the European Union in the second half of 2017 the authors propose to focus the political agenda on the threats to free trade which emerged by the protectionist views of the Trump government, the imminent weakening of the EU Common Market in course of the Brexit and the still lingering conflict with Russia which is accompanied by trade sanctions. The authors show how far the three Baltic States depend on trade with Russia, the United Kingdom and the USA by a share analysis of disaggregated trade flows and a gravity analysis of trade relations. The analyses reveal that Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania could be affected negatively by all the three challenges to the free movements of goods and services. While they are still trading over-proportionally with Russia the attractiveness of UK and US markets for Baltic enterprises is already visible and these markets offer further development potential. Hence, the promotion of the concept of open markets would not only help bridging political divides but it would also foster the Baltic States’ gains from globalization and would reduce economic and political dependencies","PeriodicalId":426783,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Trade Policy (Topic)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126913034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Choice of Strategic Industry-Protecting Policies Amidst Uncertainty in Demand and Supply: A Multi-Stage Game Model 供需不确定性下的战略性产业保护政策选择:一个多阶段博弈模型

PSN: Trade Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-08-22 DOI: 10.16980/jitc.13.4.201708.107

Yang-Seung Lee

引用次数: 0

Trade Liberalization, Rival Exporters and Reallocation of Production: An Analysis of Indian Manufacturing 贸易自由化、竞争出口商与生产再配置:对印度制造业的分析

PSN: Trade Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/roie.12279

L. Edwards, A. Sundaram

引用次数: 5

A Comparative Analysis of Export Competition in Natural Rubber Among the Leading Exporters in Southeast Asia 东南亚主要天然橡胶出口国出口竞争比较分析

PSN: Trade Policy (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-07-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3010865

Damrong Sattayawaksakul, S. Choi

引用次数: 3